218 lines
26 KiB
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218 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" approvalRequired="59" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="59" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6DD68CEDA9AFABA1873FCEB" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.8:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Vombatomorphia Aplin and Archer 1987" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="231" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="230" updateTime="1659987007554" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-06-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number>2022</mods:number>
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<mods:number>457</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6974223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6974223" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFDD5DF6DD68CEDA9AFABA1873FCEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFDD5DF6DD68CEDA9AFABA1873FCEB" lastPageId="231" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">
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<paragraph blockId="230.[145,601,1300,1324]" box="[145,601,1300,1324]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">
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<heading box="[145,601,1300,1324]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Aplin and Archer, 1987" authorityName="Aplin and Archer" authorityYear="1987" box="[145,601,1300,1324]" genus="Vombatomorphia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" rank="genus">
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Vombatomorphia
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<bibRefCitation author="Aplin, K. P. & M. Archer" box="[345,601,1300,1324]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="xv - lxxii" refId="ref189347" refString="Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: xv - lxxii. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Aplin and Archer, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="230" pageNumber="230" type="synonymic_list">
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||
<paragraph blockId="230.[108,636,1350,1572]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">
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CONTENTS: †Diprotodontoidea, †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tedford and Woodburne" authorityYear="1987" box="[533,631,1350,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Ilariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ilariidae</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName box="[122,241,1384,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Wynyardiidae" genus="Muramura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[122,241,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">Muramura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pledge" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[274,436,1383,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Wynyardiidae" genus="Namilamadeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[274,436,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">Namilamadeta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1839" box="[455,632,1383,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Phascolarctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phascolarctidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1830" box="[156,290,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vombatidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="230" pageNumber="230" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="230.[108,636,1350,1572]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">
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<collectionCode box="[140,199,1449,1473]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">STEM</collectionCode>
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AGE: 32.4 Mya (95%
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<collectionCode box="[456,515,1450,1473]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13184" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13184" name="Hampstead Scientific Society" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" type="Herbarium">HPD</collectionCode>
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: 29.1–36.4 Mya).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="230.[108,636,1350,1572]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">
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<collectionCode box="[140,224,1515,1539]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">CROWN</collectionCode>
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AGE: 30.5 Mya (95%
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<collectionCode box="[462,521,1516,1539]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13184" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13184" name="Hampstead Scientific Society" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" type="Herbarium">HPD</collectionCode>
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: 27.3–34.1 Mya).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="230.[684,1215,226,1738]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">
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UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL
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<collectionCode box="[684,746,259,283]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">SYNAPOMORPHIES</collectionCode>
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: Frontal and squamosal in contact on lateral aspect of braincase (char. 26: 0→1; ci = 0.071); squamosal prevents parietal-mastoid contact (char. 32: 0→1; ci = 0.083); subarcuate fossa is a shallow depression (char. 73: 0→1; ci = 0.500); facial nerve exits the middle ear via a stylomastoid foramen formed by the ectotympanic and pars canalicularis of the petrosal (char. 79: 0→5; ci = 0.625); zygomatic epitympanic sinus shallow and largely open laterally (char. 86: 1→2; ci = 0.333); and condylar process transversely elongate and medially extensive (char. 101: 0→1; ci = 0.333).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="231" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="230.[684,1215,226,1738]" lastBlockId="231.[108,637,226,812]" lastPageId="231" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">
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COMMENTS:
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<bibRefCitation author="Beck, R. M. D. & M. L. Taglioretti" box="[855,1035,688,713]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="385 - 417" refId="ref192802" refString="Beck, R. M. D., and M. L. Taglioretti. 2020. A nearly complete juvenile skull of the marsupial Sparassocynus derivatus from the Pliocene of Argentina, the affinities of " sparassocynids, " and the diversification of opossums (Marsupialia; Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27: 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="2020">Beck et al. (2020</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<tableCitation box="[1044,1114,688,713]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[611,691,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1110,327,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1 Higher Classification and Geographic Distribution of Recent Marsupialsa" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF393CC3F63C682ED868FF4C1E65FED9" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" tableUuid="DF393CC3F63C682ED868FF4C1E65FED9">table 1</tableCitation>
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) defined Vombatomorphia as the most inclusive clade including
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[796,990,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Vombatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[796,990,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">Vombatus ursinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but not
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Phascolarctidae" genus="Phascolarctos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">Phascolarctos cinereus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; thus defined, Vombatomorphia comprises all vombatiforms except
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Phascolarctidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phascolarctidae</taxonomicName>
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(note that †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[868,1051,854,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Thylacoleonidae</taxonomicName>
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||
is considered here
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[740,896,887,911]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Diprotodontia</taxonomicName>
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incertae sedis, rather than a member of Vombatiformes; see above). Among the unambiguous craniodental synapomorphies that diagnose this clade is the very shallow subarcuate (or floccular) fossa. The volume of the subarcuate fossa has been suggested to be associated with agility in mammals, with a larger volume indicating greater agility (
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<bibRefCitation author="Olson" box="[1061,1208,1118,1143]" firstAuthor="Olson" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="1 - 130" refId="ref220171" refString="Olson, E. C. 1944. Origin of mammals based upon cranial morphology of the therapsid suborders. Geological Society of America Special Papers 55: 1 - 130." type="journal article" year="1944">Olson, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Gannon, P. J. & A. R. Eden & J. T. Laitman" box="[684,896,1151,1176]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="143 - 164" refId="ref204269" refString="Gannon, P. J., A. R. Eden, and J. T. Laitman. 1988. The subarcuate fossa and cerebellum of extant primates: comparative study of a skull-brain interface. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 77: 143 - 164." type="journal article" year="1988">Gannon et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Spoor and Leakey" box="[906,1164,1151,1176]" firstAuthor="Spoor" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="569 - 575" refId="ref228029" refString="Spoor, F., and M. Leakey. 1996. Absence of the subarcuate fossa in cercopithecids. Journal of Human Evolution 31: 569 - 575." type="journal article" year="1996">Spoor and Leakey, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Jeffery, N. & F. Spoor" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="537 - 549" refId="ref210141" refString="Jeffery, N., and F. Spoor. 2006. The primate subarcuate fossa and its relationship to the semicircular canals part I: prenatal growth. Journal of Human Evolution 51 (5): 537 - 549." type="journal article" year="2006">Jeffery and Spoor, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). This hypothesis has not been supported by recent studies (
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<bibRefCitation author="Rodgers" box="[1051,1208,1218,1242]" firstAuthor="Rodgers" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" refId="ref224441" refString="Rodgers, J. C. 2011. Comparative morphology of the vestibular semicircular canals in therian mammals. Ph. D. dissertation, Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin." type="book" year="2011">Rodgers, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Ferreira-Cardoso, S." box="[684,1011,1251,1275]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="2005" refId="ref201613" refString="Ferreira-Cardoso, S., et al. 2017. Floccular fossa size is not a reliable proxy of ecology and behaviour in vertebrates. Scientific Reports 7: 2005." type="journal article" year="2017">Ferreira-Cardoso et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
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), but there is evidence that, in rodents at least, the petrosal lobules (and the subarcuate fossae that house them) are larger in arboreal forms and smaller in fossorial forms (
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<bibRefCitation author="Arnaudo, M. E. & M. Arnal & E. G. Ekdale" box="[807,1036,1383,1407]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="1777557" refId="ref191709" refString="Arnaudo, M. E., M. Arnal, and E. G. Ekdale. 2020. The auditory region of a caviomorph rodent (Hystricognathi) from the early Miocene of Patagonia (South America) and evolutionary considerations. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40 (2): e 1777557." type="journal article" year="2020">Arnaudo et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Bertrand, O. C. & H. P. Puschel & J. A. Schwab & M. T. Silcox & S. L. Brusatte" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="460" refId="ref193527" refString="Bertrand, O. C., H. P. Puschel, J. A. Schwab, M. T. Silcox, and S. L. Brusatte. 2021. The impact of locomotion on the brain evolution of squirrels and close relatives. Communications Biology 4: 460." type="journal article" year="2021">Bertrand et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). Vombatomorphia includes several very large (estimated body mass>
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<quantity box="[1009,1086,1449,1473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" unit="kg" value="100.0">100 kg</quantity>
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) fossil taxa (
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<bibRefCitation author="Beck, R. M. D. & M. L. Taglioretti" box="[691,884,1482,1506]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="385 - 417" refId="ref192802" refString="Beck, R. M. D., and M. L. Taglioretti. 2020. A nearly complete juvenile skull of the marsupial Sparassocynus derivatus from the Pliocene of Argentina, the affinities of " sparassocynids, " and the diversification of opossums (Marsupialia; Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27: 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="2020">Beck et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), some of which show graviportal adaptations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Camens, A. B." box="[901,1060,1515,1539]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" refId="ref196256" refString="Camens, A. B. 2008. Systematic and palaeobiological implications of postcranial morphology in the Diprotodontidae (Marsupialia). Ph. D. dissertation, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide." type="book" year="2008">Camens, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Camens, A. B. & R. T. Wells" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="3 - 19" refId="ref196297" refString="Camens, A. B., and R. T. Wells. 2009. Palaeobiology of Euowenia grata (Marsupialia: Diprotodontinae) and its presence in northern South Australia. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 17 (1): 3 - 19." type="journal article" year="2009">Camens and Wells, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and presumably had low agility. However, †
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[808,925,1582,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Wynyardiidae" genus="Muramura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[808,925,1582,1605]" italics="true" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">Muramura</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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also has a shallow subarcuate fossa, yet was considerably smaller (estimated body mass ~
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||
<quantity box="[919,989,1647,1672]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.8" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" unit="kg" value="18.0">18 kg</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beck, R. M. D. & M. L. Taglioretti" box="[1006,1208,1647,1672]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="385 - 417" refId="ref192802" refString="Beck, R. M. D., and M. L. Taglioretti. 2020. A nearly complete juvenile skull of the marsupial Sparassocynus derivatus from the Pliocene of Argentina, the affinities of " sparassocynids, " and the diversification of opossums (Marsupialia; Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27: 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="2020">Beck et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: supplementary information), with a relatively gracile postcranial skeleton (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pledge" box="[1004,1150,1714,1738]" firstAuthor="Pledge" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="541 - 555" refId="ref221781" refString="Pledge, N. S. 2003. A new species of Muramura Pledge (Wynyardiidae: Marsupialia) from the middle Tertiary of the Callabonna Basin, northeastern South Australia. In L. J. Flynn (editor), Vertebrate fossils and their context: contributions in honor of Richard H. Tedford. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279: 541 - 555." type="journal article" year="2003">Pledge, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and was presumably much more agile.
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Pledge, N. S." pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref221569" refString="Pledge, N. S. 1987 a. Kuterintja ngama, a new genus and species of primitive vombatoid marsupial from the medial Miocene Ngama Local Fauna of South Australia. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 419 - 422. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Pledge (1987: 399)</bibRefCitation>
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||
concluded that †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pledge" authorityYear="1987" box="[358,585,259,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Wynyardiidae" genus="Muramura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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||
<emphasis box="[358,585,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Muramura williamsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
was not fossorial based on its pedal morphology, and postcranial indices for this taxon do not clearly support fossoriality (
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Beck, R. M. D. & M. L. Taglioretti" box="[341,532,358,382]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="385 - 417" refId="ref192802" refString="Beck, R. M. D., and M. L. Taglioretti. 2020. A nearly complete juvenile skull of the marsupial Sparassocynus derivatus from the Pliocene of Argentina, the affinities of " sparassocynids, " and the diversification of opossums (Marsupialia; Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27: 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="2020">Beck et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<tableCitation box="[545,623,358,382]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[609,689,226,250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 2 Assumed Classification of Marsupial Ingroup Genera Scored for Phylogenetic Analysisa" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF393CC3F6306822D86AFF4C1E2EFED9" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" tableUuid="DF393CC3F6306822D86AFF4C1E2EFED9">table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). However, in a subsequent paper,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pledge" firstAuthor="Pledge" page="554" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="541 - 555" refId="ref221781" refString="Pledge, N. S. 2003. A new species of Muramura Pledge (Wynyardiidae: Marsupialia) from the middle Tertiary of the Callabonna Basin, northeastern South Australia. In L. J. Flynn (editor), Vertebrate fossils and their context: contributions in honor of Richard H. Tedford. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279: 541 - 555." type="journal article" year="2003">Pledge (2003: 554)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted similarities beween the feet of †
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Wynyardiidae" genus="Muramura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Muramura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and fossorially adapted vombatids, suggesting that the second †
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[421,636,490,514]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis box="[421,542,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Muramura</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known, †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pledge" authorityYear="2003" box="[218,362,524,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Wynyardiidae" genus="Muramura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis box="[218,362,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">M. pinpensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may have been better adapted to burrowing based on its shorter lower limbs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote pageId="230" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="230.[108,636,1645,1737]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[140,154,1645,1657]" fontSize="5" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">34</superScript>
|
||
By contrast, this nerve traverses a bony canal in the medial wall of the hypotympanic sinus in the sparassocynin didelphids †
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[218,334,1694,1712]" class="Mammalia" family="Sparassocynidae" genus="Hesperocynus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[218,334,1694,1712]" italics="true" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">Hesperocynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Beck and Taglioretti" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[393,515,1694,1713]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Sparassocynus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[393,515,1694,1713]" italics="true" pageId="230" pageNumber="230">Sparassocynus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see char. 52 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Beck, R. M. D. & M. L. Taglioretti" box="[146,374,1718,1737]" pageId="230" pageNumber="230" pagination="385 - 417" refId="ref192802" refString="Beck, R. M. D., and M. L. Taglioretti. 2020. A nearly complete juvenile skull of the marsupial Sparassocynus derivatus from the Pliocene of Argentina, the affinities of " sparassocynids, " and the diversification of opossums (Marsupialia; Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27: 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="2020">Beck and Taglioretti, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="231.[108,637,226,812]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
|
||
Definitive vombatomorphians are known from late Oligocene sites in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[417,516,655,679]" name="Australia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bassarova, M. & M. Archer" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Archer et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Long, J. A. & M. Archer & T. F. Flannery & S. J. Hand" box="[221,416,688,713]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref213561" refString="Long, J. A., M. Archer, T. F. Flannery, and S. J. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution, Sydney: UNSW Press." type="book" year="2002">Long et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Archer, M. & S. J. Hand" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & H. Godthelp" box="[172,372,722,746]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="983 - 1078" refId="ref194115" refString="Black, K. H., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2012 b. The rise of Australian marsupials: a synopsis of biostratigraphic, phylogenetic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic understanding. In J. A. Talent (editor), Earth and life: global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time: 983 - 1078. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag." type="book chapter" year="2012">Black et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with their initial diversification estimated here as having taken place during the latest Eocene or Oligocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |