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228 lines
30 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" approvalRequired="59" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="59" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6DC68CEDADDFCC81E69F90D" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.8:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Diprotodontoidea Gill 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="231" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="231" updateTime="1659987007554" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2022</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>457</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>353</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6971356</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6974225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6974225" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFDD5DF6DC68CEDADDFCC81E69F90D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFDD5DF6DC68CEDADDFCC81E69F90D" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
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<subSubSection box="[214,530,870,895]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="231.[214,530,870,895]" box="[214,530,870,895]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
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<heading box="[214,530,870,895]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName authority="Gill 1872" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[214,530,870,895]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Diprotodontoidea">
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†Diprotodontoidea
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<bibRefCitation author="Gill, T." box="[430,530,870,895]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref205030" refString="Gill, T. 1872. Arrangement of the families of mammals with analytical tables. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 11 (1): 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1872">Gill 1872</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="231" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph blockId="231.[108,640,920,1738]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
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CONTENTS: †
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<taxonomicName box="[288,383,920,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Neohelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[288,383,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Neohelos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stirton" authorityYear="1967" box="[413,550,920,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Ngapakaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[413,550,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Ngapakaldia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Nimbadon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Nimbadon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and †
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<emphasis box="[250,380,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Beck & Voss & Jansa" authorityYear="2022" box="[250,376,953,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Silvabestius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Silvabestius</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="231" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="231.[108,640,920,1738]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
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<collectionCode box="[140,199,986,1010]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">STEM</collectionCode>
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AGE: 30.5 Mya (95%
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<collectionCode box="[456,515,987,1010]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13184" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13184" name="Hampstead Scientific Society" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" type="Herbarium">HPD</collectionCode>
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: 27.3–34.1 Mya).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="231.[108,640,920,1738]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
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<collectionCode box="[140,224,1052,1076]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">CROWN</collectionCode>
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AGE: 24.4 Mya (95%
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<collectionCode box="[462,521,1053,1076]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13184" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13184" name="Hampstead Scientific Society" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" type="Herbarium">HPD</collectionCode>
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: 20.2–27.9 Mya).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="231.[108,640,920,1738]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
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UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL
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<collectionCode box="[108,173,1152,1176]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">SYNAPOMORPHIES</collectionCode>
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: Extensive pneumatized endocranial sinuses present within parietal (char. 33: 0→1; ci = 0.500); principal labial and lingual cusps of upper molars connected by well-developed lophs (char. 144: 1→2; ci = 0.200); paraconids and paracristids indistinct or absent on m2 and m3 (char. 161: 0→1; ci = 0.667); cristid obliqua absent or indistinct (char. 167: 0→1; ci = 0.500); and m3 hypoconid lingual to salient protoconid (char. 173: 0→1; ci = 0.045).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="231" pageNumber="231" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="231.[108,640,920,1738]" lastBlockId="231.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
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COMMENTS:
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<bibRefCitation author="Beck, R. M. D. & M. L. Taglioretti" box="[279,459,1482,1506]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="385 - 417" refId="ref192802" refString="Beck, R. M. D., and M. L. Taglioretti. 2020. A nearly complete juvenile skull of the marsupial Sparassocynus derivatus from the Pliocene of Argentina, the affinities of " sparassocynids, " and the diversification of opossums (Marsupialia; Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27: 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="2020">Beck et al. (2020</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<tableCitation box="[468,538,1482,1506]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[611,691,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1110,327,1337]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1 Higher Classification and Geographic Distribution of Recent Marsupialsa" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF393CC3F63C682ED868FF4C1E65FED9" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" tableUuid="DF393CC3F63C682ED868FF4C1E65FED9">table 1</tableCitation>
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) defined †Diprotodontoidea as the most inclusive clade including †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1838" box="[234,447,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Diprotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[234,447,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Diprotodon opatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but not
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Phascolarctidae" genus="Phascolarctos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Phascolarctos cinereus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[285,490,1581,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" genus="Thylacoleo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[285,490,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Thylacoleo carnifex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Vombatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Vombatus ursinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Following
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<bibRefCitation author="Archer, M. & A. Bartholomai" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref190121" refString="Archer, M., and A. Bartholomai. 1978. Tertiary mammals of Australia: a synoptic review. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 2 (1): 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1978">Archer and Bartholomai (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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, the superfamily †Diprotodontoidea is currently considered as comprising the families †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[119,304,1714,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Diprotodontidae</taxonomicName>
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and †
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<taxonomicName box="[373,533,1714,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Palorchestidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Palorchestidae</taxonomicName>
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(see also
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<bibRefCitation author="Archer, M." box="[684,842,226,250]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="633 - 808" refId="ref190081" refString="Archer, M. 1984 c. The Australian marsupial radiation. In M. Archer and G. Clayton (editors), Vertebrate zoogeography and evolution in Australasia: 633 - 808. Perth: Hesperian Press." type="book chapter" year="1984">Archer, 1984c</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Bassarova, M. & M. Archer" box="[856,1070,226,250]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Archer et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Long, J. A. & M. Archer & T. F. Flannery & S. J. Hand" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref213561" refString="Long, J. A., M. Archer, T. F. Flannery, and S. J. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution, Sydney: UNSW Press." type="book" year="2002">Long et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Archer, M. & S. J. Hand" box="[749,1006,259,283]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H." box="[1016,1142,259,283]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref193722" refString="Black, K. H. 2008. Diversity, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of diprotodontoids (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae, Palorchestidae) from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">Black, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & H. Godthelp" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="983 - 1078" refId="ref194115" refString="Black, K. H., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2012 b. The rise of Australian marsupials: a synopsis of biostratigraphic, phylogenetic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic understanding. In J. A. Talent (editor), Earth and life: global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time: 983 - 1078. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag." type="book chapter" year="2012">Black et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
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). We have not included any palorchestids (the so-called marsupial tapirs;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bartholomai, A." pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="145 - 149" refId="ref192256" refString="Bartholomai, A. 1978 a. The rostrum in Palorchestes Owen (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae). Results of the Ray E. Lemley expedition, part 3. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 18: 145 - 149." type="journal article" year="1978">Bartholomai, 1978a</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Archer, M." box="[884,1045,358,382]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="633 - 808" refId="ref190081" refString="Archer, M. 1984 c. The Australian marsupial radiation. In M. Archer and G. Clayton (editors), Vertebrate zoogeography and evolution in Australasia: 633 - 808. Perth: Hesperian Press." type="book chapter" year="1984">Archer, 1984c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Flannery, T. F. & M. Archer" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="234 - 239" refId="ref202065" refString="Flannery, T. F., and M. Archer. 1985. Palorchestes Owen, 1874. Large and small palorchestids. In P. Rich and G. Van Tets (editors), Kadimakara: extinct vertebrates of Australia: 234 - 239. Lilydale: Pioneer Design Studio." type="book chapter" year="1985">Flannery and Archer, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Murray, P. F." box="[840,988,391,415]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="195 - 211" refId="ref218392" refString="Murray, P. F. 1986. Propalorchestes novaculacephalus gen. sp. nov., a new palorchestid (Diprotodontoidea: Marsupialia) from the middle Miocene Camfield Beds, Northern Territory, Australia. Beagle, Occasional Papers of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 3 (1): 195 - 211." type="journal article" year="1986">Murray, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Murray, P. F." box="[1001,1055,391,415]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="39 - 51" refId="ref218509" refString="Murray, P. F. 1990. Primitive marsupial tapirs (Propalorchestes novaculacephalus Murray and P. ponticulus sp. nov.) from the mid-Miocene of north Australia (Marsupialia: Palorchestidae). Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 7 (2): 39 - 51." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bassarova, M. & M. Archer" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Archer et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Long, J. A. & M. Archer & T. F. Flannery & S. J. Hand" box="[750,935,424,449]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref213561" refString="Long, J. A., M. Archer, T. F. Flannery, and S. J. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution, Sydney: UNSW Press." type="book" year="2002">Long et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Archer, M. & S. J. Hand" box="[947,1209,424,448]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H." box="[686,815,457,481]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="351 - 361" refId="ref193676" refString="Black, K. H. 2006. Description of new material for Propalorchestes novaculacephalus (Marsupialia: Palorchestidae) from the mid Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 30 (2): 351 - 361." type="journal article" year="2006">Black, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H." box="[828,882,457,481]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref193722" refString="Black, K. H. 2008. Diversity, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of diprotodontoids (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae, Palorchestidae) from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mackness, B. S." box="[895,1071,457,481]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref214586" refString="Mackness, B. S. 2008. Reconstructing Palorchestes (Marsupialia: Palorchestidae) - from giant kangaroo to marsupial ' tapir'. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 130: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2008">Mackness, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & H. Godthelp" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="983 - 1078" refId="ref194115" refString="Black, K. H., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2012 b. The rise of Australian marsupials: a synopsis of biostratigraphic, phylogenetic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic understanding. In J. A. Talent (editor), Earth and life: global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time: 983 - 1078. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag." type="book chapter" year="2012">Black et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Trusler, P." box="[768,917,490,514]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref231275" refString="Trusler, P. 2016. Cranial reconstruction of Palorchestes azael. Ph. D. dissertation, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton." type="book" year="2016">Trusler, 2016</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Trusler and Sharp" box="[931,1208,490,514]" firstAuthor="Trusler" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="291 - 324" refId="ref231302" refString="Trusler, P. W., and A. C. Sharp. 2016. Description of new cranial material of Propalorchestes (Marsupialia: Palorchestidae) from the middle Miocene Camfield Beds, Northern Territory, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 291 - 324." type="journal article" year="2016">Trusler and Sharp, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richards" box="[684,918,523,547]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Richards" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="0221824" refId="ref223686" refString="Richards, H. L., R. T. Wells, A. R. Evans, E. M. G. Fitzgerald, and J. W. Adams. 2019. The extraordinary osteology and functional morphology of the limbs in Palorchestidae, a family of strange extinct marsupial giants. PLoS One 14 (9): e 0221824." type="journal article" year="2019">Richards et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as terminals here, so we cannot distinguish between craniodental apomorphies for †Diprotodontoidea and those for †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[695,883,622,646]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Diprotodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, future inclusion of palorchestids should reveal which apomorphies apply to †Diprotodontidea and which are specific to †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[777,964,722,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Diprotodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="231.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Of the four unambiguous craniodental synapomorphies identified here, three are related to molar morphology, specifically: (1) the presence of well-developed lophs connecting the principal labial and lingual cusps of the upper molars (the fully lophodont condition, also seen in most macropodiforms; char. 144), (2) absence of distinct paraconids or paracristids from m2 and m3 (whereas these structures are retained in fully lophodont macropodiforms; char. 161), and (3) absence of a distinct cristid obliqua (whereas this crest is well developed and forms a midlink on the lower molars of fully lophodont macropodiforms; char. 167).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="231.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">
|
||
The oldest diprotodontoids (including members of the family †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[894,1081,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Diprotodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) date to the late Oligocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bassarova, M. & M. Archer" box="[860,1074,1284,1308]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Archer et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Long, J. A. & M. Archer & T. F. Flannery & S. J. Hand" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref213561" refString="Long, J. A., M. Archer, T. F. Flannery, and S. J. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution, Sydney: UNSW Press." type="book" year="2002">Long et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Archer, M. & S. J. Hand" box="[749,1006,1317,1341]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H." box="[1016,1142,1317,1341]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref193722" refString="Black, K. H. 2008. Diversity, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of diprotodontoids (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae, Palorchestidae) from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">Black, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & H. Godthelp" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="983 - 1078" refId="ref194115" refString="Black, K. H., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2012 b. The rise of Australian marsupials: a synopsis of biostratigraphic, phylogenetic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic understanding. In J. A. Talent (editor), Earth and life: global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time: 983 - 1078. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag." type="book chapter" year="2012">Black et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the first diversification among the diprotodontid taxa included here is estimated as having occurred in the late Oligocene or early Miocene. †Diprodontidae includes the largest known marsupials, reaching an extreme with Pleistocene forms such as †
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1013,1157,1516,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Zygomaturus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1013,1157,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Zygomaturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[697,820,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Diprotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[697,820,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="231" pageNumber="231">Diprotodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have not been included here due to their extremely derived craniodental morphologies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Archer, M." box="[810,973,1614,1639]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="633 - 808" refId="ref190081" refString="Archer, M. 1984 c. The Australian marsupial radiation. In M. Archer and G. Clayton (editors), Vertebrate zoogeography and evolution in Australasia: 633 - 808. Perth: Hesperian Press." type="book chapter" year="1984">Archer, 1984c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bassarova, M. & M. Archer" box="[988,1207,1614,1639]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Archer et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Long, J. A. & M. Archer & T. F. Flannery & S. J. Hand" box="[684,872,1647,1672]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref213561" refString="Long, J. A., M. Archer, T. F. Flannery, and S. J. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution, Sydney: UNSW Press." type="book" year="2002">Long et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wroe" box="[884,1075,1647,1672]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wroe" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="34 - 36" refId="ref236967" refString="Wroe, S., M. Crowther, J. Dortch, and J. Chong. 2004. The size of the largest marsupial and why it matters. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, Biological Sciences 271 Suppl 3: S 34 - 36." type="book chapter" year="2004">Wroe et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Archer, M. & S. J. Hand" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H." box="[827,956,1680,1705]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" refId="ref193722" refString="Black, K. H. 2008. Diversity, phylogeny and biostratigraphy of diprotodontoids (Marsupialia: Diprotodontidae, Palorchestidae) from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">Black, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Price" box="[969,1093,1680,1705]" firstAuthor="Price" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="369 - 397" refId="ref222001" refString="Price, G. J. 2008. Taxonomy and palaeobiology of the largest-ever marsupial, Diprotodon Owen, 1838 (Diprotodontidae, Marsupialia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153: 369 - 397." type="journal article" year="2008">Price, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Price and Piper" firstAuthor="Price" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="1029 - 1038" refId="ref222039" refString="Price, G. J., and K. J. Piper. 2009. Gigantism of the Australian Diprotodon Owen 1838 (Marsupialia, Diprotodontoidea) through the Pleistocene. Journal of Quaternary Science 24 (8): 1029 - 1038." type="journal article" year="2009">Price and Piper, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Black, K. H. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & H. Godthelp" box="[820,1024,1714,1738]" pageId="231" pageNumber="231" pagination="983 - 1078" refId="ref194115" refString="Black, K. H., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2012 b. The rise of Australian marsupials: a synopsis of biostratigraphic, phylogenetic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic understanding. In J. A. Talent (editor), Earth and life: global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time: 983 - 1078. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag." type="book chapter" year="2012">Black et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |