180 lines
24 KiB
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180 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" approvalRequired="59" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="59" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6D868CADAD7FD6F19C1FAB9" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.8:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Thylacoleonidae Gill 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="227" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="227" updateTime="1659987007554" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-06-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number>2022</mods:number>
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<mods:number>457</mods:number>
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<mods:url>https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFDD5DF6D868CADAD7FD6F19C1FAB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFDD5DF6D868CADAD7FD6F19C1FAB9" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">
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<paragraph blockId="227.[220,524,705,729]" box="[220,524,705,729]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">
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<heading box="[220,524,705,729]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" reason="4">
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†
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<taxonomicName authority="Gill, 1872" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[230,524,705,729]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Thylacoleonidae
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<bibRefCitation author="Gill, T." box="[418,524,705,729]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref205030" refString="Gill, T. 1872. Arrangement of the families of mammals with analytical tables. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 11 (1): 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1872">Gill, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="227" pageNumber="227" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph blockId="227.[108,638,755,1738]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">
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CONTENTS: †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rauscher" authorityYear="1987" box="[305,401,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" genus="Priscileo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[305,401,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">Priscileo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName box="[444,566,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" genus="Thylacoleo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[444,566,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">Thylacoleo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and †
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<emphasis box="[121,220,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">
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<taxonomicName box="[121,215,788,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" genus="Wakaleo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Wakaleo</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="227" pageNumber="227" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="227.[108,638,755,1738]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">STEM AGE: 39.8 Mya (95% HPD: 35.5–45.2 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="227.[108,638,755,1738]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">CROWN AGE: 29.4 Mya (95% HPD: 21.0–37.7 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="227.[108,638,755,1738]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL SYNAPOMORPHIES: Presphenoid exposed in roof of nasopharyngeal fossa above posterior palate (char. 43: 1→0; ci = 0.091); neomorphic labial cingulum present on M1–3 (char. 133: 0→1; ci = 0.200); metaconid absent on m1 only (char. 163: 0→1; ci = 0.250); and additional cuspid labial to m1 protoconid present, forming a vertically directed crest (char. 165: 0→2; ci = 0.286).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="227" pageNumber="227" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="227.[108,638,755,1738]" lastBlockId="227.[684,1214,226,1407]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">
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COMMENTS: Monophyly of †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[456,636,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Thylacoleonidae</taxonomicName>
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was recovered in all of our morphological (figs. 30, 31) and total-evidence (figs. 32,
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<figureCitation box="[498,526,1317,1341]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="227" pageNumber="227">33</figureCitation>
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) analyses. In our dated total-evidence analysis (
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<figureCitation box="[546,623,1350,1374]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="227" pageNumber="227">fig. 33</figureCitation>
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), four craniodental features optimize as synapomorphies for the family, three of which are dental. However, the position of †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[454,636,1449,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Thylacoleonidae</taxonomicName>
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within Vombatiformes is unstable in our analyses, placed as sister to the remainder of Vombatiformes (sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Beck, R. M. D. & M. L. Taglioretti" box="[270,454,1548,1572]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="385 - 417" refId="ref192802" refString="Beck, R. M. D., and M. L. Taglioretti. 2020. A nearly complete juvenile skull of the marsupial Sparassocynus derivatus from the Pliocene of Argentina, the affinities of " sparassocynids, " and the diversification of opossums (Marsupialia; Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27: 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="2020">Beck et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
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) in our undated total analysis (fig. 32)—as also found by
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<bibRefCitation author="Gillespie, A. K. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref205243" refString="Gillespie, A. K., M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2016. A tiny new marsupial lion (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae) from the early Miocene of Australia. Palaeontologia Electronica 9.2.26 A: 1 - 26." type="book chapter" year="2016">Gillespie et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Beck, R. M. D. & M. L. Taglioretti" box="[291,477,1614,1638]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="385 - 417" refId="ref192802" refString="Beck, R. M. D., and M. L. Taglioretti. 2020. A nearly complete juvenile skull of the marsupial Sparassocynus derivatus from the Pliocene of Argentina, the affinities of " sparassocynids, " and the diversification of opossums (Marsupialia; Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27: 385 - 417." type="journal article" year="2020">Beck et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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—but forming a trichotomy with
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<taxonomicName box="[325,470,1647,1671]" pageId="227" pageNumber="234" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Phalangerida">Phalangerida</taxonomicName>
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and Vombatiformes at the base of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[340,496,1680,1704]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Diprotodontia</taxonomicName>
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in our dated total-evidence analysis (
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<figureCitation box="[373,448,1714,1738]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="227" pageNumber="227">fig. 33</figureCitation>
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). We suspect the reason is that early thylacoleonids, such as †
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<emphasis box="[698,921,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">
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Lekanoleo
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Beck & Voss & Jansa" authorityYear="2022" box="[817,921,259,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" genus="Priscileo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">roskellyae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="Gillespie, A. K." box="[986,1154,259,283]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="321 - 328" refId="ref205058" refString="Gillespie, A. K. 1997. Priscileo roskellyae sp. nov. (Thylacoleonidae, Marsupialia) from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41: 321 - 328." type="journal article" year="1997">Gillespie, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Gillespie, A. K. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="1703722" refId="ref205338" refString="Gillespie, A. K., M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2020. Lekaneleo, a new genus of marsupial lion (Marsupialia, Thylacoleonidae) from the Oligocene - Miocene of Australia, and the craniodental morphology of L. roskellyae, comb. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39 (5): e 1703722." type="journal article" year="2020">Gillespie et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
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), preserve a plesiomorphic craniodental morphology relative to other diprotodontians. If so, the basicranial features identified by previous authors (
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<bibRefCitation author="Aplin, K. P. & M. Archer" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="xv - lxxii" refId="ref189347" refString="Aplin, K. P., and M. Archer. 1987. Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: xv - lxxii. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Aplin and Archer, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Aplin, K. P." box="[758,896,424,448]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="369 - 391" refId="ref189198" refString="Aplin, K. P. 1987. Basicranial anatomy of the early Miocene diprotodontian Wynyardia bassiana (Marsupialia: Wynyardiidae) and its implications for wynyardiid phylogeny and classification. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 369 - 391. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Aplin, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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) as placing thylacoleonids within Vombatiformes may, in fact, be retained plesiomorphies, in contrast to the more derived basicranial morphologies of phalangeridans (see also
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<bibRefCitation author="Murray, P. F. & R. Wells & M. Plane" box="[735,948,556,581]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="433 - 466" refId="ref218994" refString="Murray, P. F., R. Wells, and M. Plane. 1987. The cranium of the Miocene thylacoleonid, Wakaleo vanderleuri: click go the shears - a fresh bite at thylacoleonid systematics. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 433 - 466. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Murray et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="227.[684,1214,226,1407]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">
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Postcranial evidence also presents an ambiguous picture:
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<bibRefCitation author="Szalay" box="[816,1009,622,647]" firstAuthor="Szalay" page="276" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" refId="ref229131" refString="Szalay, F. S. 1994. Evolutionary history of the marsupials and an analysis of osteological characters, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." type="book" year="1994">Szalay (1994: 276)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that tarsal features present in thylacoleonids and diprotodontoids (e.g., †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stirton" authorityYear="1967" box="[933,1065,688,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Ngapakaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[933,1065,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">Ngapakaldia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) may be synapomorphic, but
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<bibRefCitation author="Munson, C. J." box="[880,1063,722,746]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref218350" refString="Munson, C. J. 1992. Postcranial descriptions of Ilaria and Ngapakaldia (Vombatiformes, Marsupialia) and the phylogeny of the vombatiforms based on postcranial morphology. University of California Publications in Zoology 125: 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1992">Munson’s (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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phylogenetic analysis of vombatiforms using postcranial characters placed †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[838,1015,788,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Thylacoleonidae</taxonomicName>
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as sister to a clade comprising †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[831,1018,821,845]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Diprotodontidae</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName box="[1046,1209,821,845]" class="Mammalia" family="Palorchestidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Palorchestidae</taxonomicName>
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, †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tedford and Woodburne" authorityYear="1987" box="[695,788,854,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Ilariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ilariidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1830" box="[845,976,854,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vombatidae</taxonomicName>
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. On current evidence, we argue that thylacoleonids should be considered
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[684,841,920,944]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Diprotodontia</taxonomicName>
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incertae sedis. Ultimately, given that †
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<taxonomicName box="[744,854,953,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" genus="Thylacoleo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[744,854,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">Thylacoleo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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survived into the late Pleistocene, it may be possible to obtain ancient DNA or ancient protein sequences (e.g., collagen) that might clarify thylacoleonid relationships.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="227.[684,1214,226,1407]" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">
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Like most other diprotodontian families, the first record of thylacoleonids is from late Oligocene deposits in central
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<collectingCountry box="[958,1057,1151,1175]" name="Australia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and at Riversleigh (
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<bibRefCitation author="Rauscher" box="[772,955,1184,1209]" firstAuthor="Rauscher" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" pagination="423 - 432" refId="ref223145" refString="Rauscher, B. 1987. Priscileo pitkantensis, a new genus and species of thylacoleonid marsupial (Marsupialia: Thylacoleonidae) from the Miocene Etadunna Formation, South Australia. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 423 - 432. Sydney: Surrey Beatty." type="book chapter" year="1987">Rauscher, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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), so their origin must predate this. Our dated total-evidence analysis estimates that †
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[1030,1212,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacoleonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="227" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Thylacoleonidae</taxonomicName>
|
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diverged from other diprotodontians during the middle to late Eocene.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |