treatments-xml/data/03/EF/DD/03EFDD5DF6D468D9D913FA75191BFEFB.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

177 lines
27 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="CAC33EB96E6222C08EF7F55DF3228FAE" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. &amp; Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6D468D9D913FA75191BFEFB" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Petauroidea Bonaparte 1832" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="239" updateTime="1699350301078" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="C61D7776002F8F53B8ED9721A382E102" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C10B7EBC37FF34FB0B322E533021114B">
<mods:title id="4413D4B9D09D98E293A7ECA1ED32F815">Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CCD1C951BC84F9FE7AE6824E374A3348" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B21D23051F968DEB4DAE227A86719BB2">
<mods:roleTerm id="9465309C3843AE88B526F02BF028047F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B66CE6B91F7345CFF89CC4F5CD7983A7">Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5914B9F9ECC2EB250D90316719BC7F12">School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. &amp; School of Biological, Earth &amp; Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia &amp; Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0B599F772CEFA082F53BA4C74307A993" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3DA33EC8C07CC11F28F41ED0917DB1E9">
<mods:roleTerm id="4DF7E9D728DF7E9CE104AB66FEE8A564">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B0D7602902D83CB213E72D875453EEF0">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D0C2BC73ECAB36F22602ABEDA7946A8D">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BC9A2C925F691F33643D6711DF033C87" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C37C3D45128ACE918E217D9EB5BDFAEF">
<mods:roleTerm id="AAC0943B596CB633E65FC979D7323F22">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4126EC5B8A8B783C7AD7ECEB0CF1E470">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B07A0956E88BF48D978F3C9025DB101D">Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="152220DEB5562052A234502132369E53">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9168E9240FEC326AEE078936EC53B6CC" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4876156CFDB90A31725BCC98A9B01B39">
<mods:title id="6B4C8AD98876393DB003FFBDFCD238B6">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C83300C729F5C4097C569986444624D6">
<mods:date id="1B661151D76580AFDAA9BA61BF767606">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B603F7D7DDD4F620875ACD5B664F5661" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EE735CA26A1FC17F59DEA8CEACD74734">2022-06-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="33DA9603067AD2902D6182B39042CAB7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8C4CB87A904C435B91F0D1C1C71590DD">2022</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BBC6A8D829062A79223361E4B269D327" type="issue">
<mods:number id="503024546D328AA7FC3677B9BA6C42D6">457</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="54EC5C0ECCEA6D9D85CDDC1314984C03" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7EAB528139584B3957850DBC8E537767">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="369EA2D37B13197EE332A4EADAEA63D7">353</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="0A25BB066D66C50B2D932930101527C7">
<mods:url id="AAA2DB7A0ACE5CE8BC9637D4707EEA5A">https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="D7145F4BAF51EFE4AE36DDCD5FF42AC4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3F91EA6E356FF4EBC5F975DF613F7C14" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B0D31BA09AC81AED218F309A49CE72A2" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9C614986A9C688572F1BA91F6BA61FB7" type="Zenodo-Dep">6971356</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03EFDD5DF6D468D9D913FA75191BFEFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7036169" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7036169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFDD5DF6D468D9D913FA75191BFEFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFDD5DF6D468D9D913FA75191BFEFB" lastPageId="240" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="239" pageNumber="239">
<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6D468C6D913FA751E30FA34" box="[792,1106,1499,1523]" pageId="239" pageNumber="239" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D468C6D913FA751E30FA34" blockId="239.[792,1106,1499,1523]" box="[792,1106,1499,1523]" pageId="239" pageNumber="239">
<heading id="D0B1DB27F6D468C6D913FA751E30FA34" box="[792,1106,1499,1523]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="239" pageNumber="239" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D468C6D913FA751E30FA34" ID-CoL="5H7" authority="Bonaparte, 1832" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1832" box="[792,1106,1499,1523]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="239" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">
Petauroidea
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D468C6D9AAFA751E30FA34" author="Bonaparte, C." box="[929,1106,1499,1523]" pageId="239" pageNumber="239" refId="ref194553" refString="Bonaparte, C. 1832. Saggio d'una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati a sangue freddo, Roma: Presso Antonio Boulzaler." type="book" year="1832">Bonaparte, 1832</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6D468C6D8C7F9A219BDF982" pageId="239" pageNumber="239" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D468C6D8C7F9A219BDF982" blockId="239.[684,1212,1548,1738]" pageId="239" pageNumber="239">
CONTENTS:
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D468C6D95BF9A219B4F9E3" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" box="[848,982,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="239" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D468C6D9E9F9A21E3AF9E3" box="[994,1112,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="239" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D468C6DE68F9A21970F982" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="239" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D468C6D945F98319BEF982" authorityName="Gervais and Verreaux" authorityYear="1842" box="[846,988,1581,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="239" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tarsipedidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6D468D9D8C7F9E11BBBFD83" lastPageId="240" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="239" pageNumber="239" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D468C6D8C7F9E1188EF94F" blockId="239.[684,1212,1548,1738]" pageId="239" pageNumber="239">STEM AGE: 33.0 Mya (95% HPD: 29.337.7 Mya).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D468C6D8C7F93F188FF90D" blockId="239.[684,1212,1548,1738]" pageId="239" pageNumber="239">CROWN AGE: 29.0 Mya (95% HPD: 26.432.7 Mya).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CB68D9DA87FF4C1BBBFD83" blockId="240.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">
UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL SYNAPOMORPHIES: Maxillary foramen bordered by lacrimal (char. 14: 1→0; ci = 0.200); postorbital process formed by frontal and parietal (char. 19: 1→0; ci = 0.400); scars of
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DB25FEC81872FEB9" box="[302,528,358,382]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Metachirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="240" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="temporalis" subSpecies="origin">M. temporalis origin</taxonomicName>
on braincase not fused middorsally to form sagittal crest in adults (char. 27: 1→0; ci = 0.059); dP3 very small, nonoccluding, and structurally simplified or absent (char. 120: 0→2; ci = 0.118); and third upper premolar (P3) conventionally premolariform (char. 123: 2→0; ci = 0.385).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CB68D9DA87FDE3191BFEFB" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CB68D9DA87FDE31BCDFB50" blockId="240.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">
COMMENTS: The superfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DBFDFDE31819FDA2" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[502,635,589,613]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">Petauroidea</taxonomicName>
comprises four morphologically disparate families of phalangeridans:
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DB7EFD211B9FFD60" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" box="[373,509,655,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9D807FD211AFAFD0F" authorityName="Gervais and Verreaux" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tarsipedidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DAB0FD1E1B5DFD0F" box="[187,319,688,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DBA5FD1E181AFD0F" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[430,632,688,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, petauroid monophyly is strongly supported in our molecular (figs. 2729) and total-evidence (figs. 32,
<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6CB68D9DB8AFCBA1BFFFCEB" box="[385,413,788,812]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.750.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.500.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="240" pageNumber="240">33</figureCitation>
) analyses, as it has also been in other recent molecular studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9D84EFC9B1B3EFCA9" author="Phillips and Pratt" firstAuthor="Phillips" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="594 - 605" refId="ref221205" refString="Phillips, M. J., and R. C. Pratt. 2008. Family-level relationships among the Australasian marsupial &quot; herbivores &quot; (Diprotodontia: koala, wombats, kangaroos and possums). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 594 - 605." type="journal article" year="2008">Phillips and Pratt, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DB65FCF8181AFCA9" author="Meredith, R. W. &amp; M. Westerman &amp; M. S. Springer" box="[366,632,854,878]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="554 - 571" refId="ref216642" refString="Meredith, R. W., M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 a. A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (3): 554 - 571." type="journal article" year="2009">Meredith et al., 2009a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DA67FCD91ACCFC48" author="Meredith, R. W. &amp; C. Krajewski &amp; M. Westerman &amp; M. S. Springer" box="[108,174,887,911]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="383 - 406" refId="ref216745" refString="Meredith, R. W., C. Krajewski, M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 c. Relationships and divergence times among the orders and families of Marsupialia. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 65: 383 - 406." type="journal article" year="2009">
2009
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DAA8FCD91ACCFC48" author="Rodgers, J. C." box="[163,174,887,911]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" refId="ref224441" refString="Rodgers, J. C. 2011. Comparative morphology of the vestibular semicircular canals in therian mammals. Ph. D. dissertation, Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin." type="book" year="2011">c</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2011;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DAF4FCD91BBDFC48" author="Mitchell, K. J." box="[255,479,887,911]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="2322 - 2330" refId="ref217043" refString="Mitchell, K. J., et al. 2014. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and habitat preference evolution of marsupials. Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (9): 2322 - 2330." type="journal article" year="2014">Mitchell et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DBE7FCD91A83FC77" author="May-Collado, L. J. &amp; C. W. Kilpatrick &amp; I. Agnarsson" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="805" refId="ref216304" refString="May-Collado, L. J., C. W. Kilpatrick, and I. Agnarsson. 2015. Mammals from ' down under': a multi-gene species-level phylogeny of marsupial mammals (Mammalia, Metatheria). PeerJ 3: e 805." type="journal article" year="2015">May-Collado et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DAE0FC361BA5FC77" author="Duchene, D. A." box="[235,455,920,944]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="400 - 412" refId="ref200659" refString="Duchene, D. A., et al. 2018. Analysis of phylogenomic tree space resolves relationships among marsupial families. Systematic Biology 67 (3): 400 - 412." type="journal article" year="2018">Duchêne et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DBDAFC361B78FC16" author="Alvarez-Carretero, S." pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="263 - 267" refId="ref188636" refString="Alvarez-Carretero, S., et al. 2021. A species-level timeline of mammal evolution integrating phylogenomic data. Nature 602: 263 - 267." type="journal article" year="2021">Álvarez-Carretero et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
). One of the five unambiguous craniodental synapomorphies found to support
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DA67FC551A8FFBD4" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[108,237,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">Petauroidea</taxonomicName>
is a reversal, namely reacquisition of a conventionally premolariform morphology of the third upper premolar from a fully sectorial precursor that is inferred as having evolved deeper within
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DB00FBD11BC8FB50" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[267,426,1151,1175]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Diprotodontia</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CB68D9DA86FB0E191BFEFB" blockId="240.[108,638,226,1738]" lastBlockId="240.[684,1212,226,316]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">
The branching order within
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DBFEFB0E181FFB7F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[501,637,1184,1208]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">Petauroidea</taxonomicName>
recovered in both of our total-evidence analyses (figs. 32,
<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6CB68D9DADAFB4D1A88FB3C" box="[209,234,1251,1275]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.750.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.500.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="240" pageNumber="240">33</figureCitation>
)—with
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DB4CFB4D1BDFFB3C" box="[327,445,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DBFFFB4D1AC4FADB" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
forming a clade,
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DB8BFAAA1873FADB" authorityName="Gervais and Verreaux" authorityYear="1842" box="[384,529,1284,1308]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsipedidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tarsipedidae</taxonomicName>
sister to this, and
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9DAE4FA8B1B1EFAFA" authorityName="Aplin" authorityYear="1987" box="[239,380,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Acrobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acrobatidae</taxonomicName>
the first family to diverge—is congruent with the results of recent molecular studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DB58FAC9181AFAB8" author="Phillips and Pratt" box="[339,632,1383,1407]" firstAuthor="Phillips" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="594 - 605" refId="ref221205" refString="Phillips, M. J., and R. C. Pratt. 2008. Family-level relationships among the Australasian marsupial &quot; herbivores &quot; (Diprotodontia: koala, wombats, kangaroos and possums). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 594 - 605." type="journal article" year="2008">Phillips and Pratt, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DA67FA261B06FA67" author="Meredith, R. W. &amp; M. Westerman &amp; M. S. Springer" box="[108,356,1416,1440]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="554 - 571" refId="ref216642" refString="Meredith, R. W., M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 a. A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (3): 554 - 571." type="journal article" year="2009">Meredith et al., 2009a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DB7BFA261BD1FA67" author="Meredith, R. W. &amp; C. Krajewski &amp; M. Westerman &amp; M. S. Springer" box="[368,435,1416,1440]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="383 - 406" refId="ref216745" refString="Meredith, R. W., C. Krajewski, M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 c. Relationships and divergence times among the orders and families of Marsupialia. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 65: 383 - 406." type="journal article" year="2009">
2009
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DBA3FA261BD1FA67" author="Rodgers, J. C." box="[424,435,1416,1440]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" refId="ref224441" refString="Rodgers, J. C. 2011. Comparative morphology of the vestibular semicircular canals in therian mammals. Ph. D. dissertation, Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin." type="book" year="2011">c</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2011;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9D808FA261AACFA06" author="Mitchell, K. J." pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="2322 - 2330" refId="ref217043" refString="Mitchell, K. J., et al. 2014. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and habitat preference evolution of marsupials. Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (9): 2322 - 2330." type="journal article" year="2014">Mitchell et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DAD1FA071B93FA06" author="May-Collado, L. J. &amp; C. W. Kilpatrick &amp; I. Agnarsson" box="[218,497,1449,1473]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="805" refId="ref216304" refString="May-Collado, L. J., C. W. Kilpatrick, and I. Agnarsson. 2015. Mammals from ' down under': a multi-gene species-level phylogeny of marsupial mammals (Mammalia, Metatheria). PeerJ 3: e 805." type="journal article" year="2015">May-Collado et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DBF5FA071AB0FA25" author="Duchene, D. A." pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="400 - 412" refId="ref200659" refString="Duchene, D. A., et al. 2018. Analysis of phylogenomic tree space resolves relationships among marsupial families. Systematic Biology 67 (3): 400 - 412." type="journal article" year="2018">Duchêne et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DAEAFA65185DFA25" author="Alvarez-Carretero, S." box="[225,575,1482,1510]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="263 - 267" refId="ref188636" refString="Alvarez-Carretero, S., et al. 2021. A species-level timeline of mammal evolution integrating phylogenomic data. Nature 602: 263 - 267." type="journal article" year="2021">Álvarez-Carretero et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The oldest described petauroids are pseudocheirids from the late Oligocene of central
<collectingCountry id="F3512CDBF6CB68D9DBE2F9A2182CF9E3" box="[489,590,1548,1572]" name="Australia" pageId="240" pageNumber="240">Australia</collectingCountry>
and Riversleigh World Heritage Area (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DBE2F9831AC6F9A0" author="Bassarova, M. &amp; M. Archer" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Archer et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DABBF9E11B0BF9A0" author="Long, J. A. &amp; M. Archer &amp; T. F. Flannery &amp; S. J. Hand" box="[176,361,1614,1639]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" refId="ref213561" refString="Long, J. A., M. Archer, T. F. Flannery, and S. J. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution, Sydney: UNSW Press." type="book" year="2002">Long et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DB78F9E0181BF9A1" author="Archer, M. &amp; S. J. Hand" box="[371,633,1614,1638]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DA67F9C11B6AF94F" author="Roberts, K. K." box="[108,264,1647,1672]" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" refId="ref224254" refString="Roberts, K. K. 2008. Oligo-Miocene pseudocheirid diversity and the early evolution of ringtail possums (Marsupialia). Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">Roberts, 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DB1EF9C11B92F94F" author="Roberts" box="[277,496,1647,1672]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Roberts" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="441 - 456" refId="ref224393" refString="Roberts, K. K., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2009. New Australian Oligocene to Miocene ringtail possums (Pseudocheiridae) and revision of the genus Marlu. Palaeontology 52: 441 - 456." type="journal article" year="2009">Roberts et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CB68D9DBF0F9C11AD5F96F" author="Black, K. H. &amp; M. Archer &amp; S. J. Hand &amp; H. Godthelp" pageId="240" pageNumber="240" pagination="983 - 1078" refId="ref194115" refString="Black, K. H., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2012 b. The rise of Australian marsupials: a synopsis of biostratigraphic, phylogenetic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic understanding. In J. A. Talent (editor), Earth and life: global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time: 983 - 1078. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag." type="book chapter" year="2012">Black et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
), indicating that the petauroid crown clade had already begun to diversify by this time; our estimated divergence times imply that the first split within
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CB68D9D99FFEAD1E7AFEDC" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[916,1048,259,283]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="240" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">Petauroidea</taxonomicName>
occurred during the Oligocene.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>