277 lines
42 KiB
XML
277 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="AD48DC16B9D97153DD557B3834CA4711" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6CF68DFD914FF4C19FFFB7F" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Petauridae Bonaparte 1832" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="246" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="244" updateTime="1699350301078" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="EB854F45CB57DD7A703D7CDDCBE7205D">Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4268984B80C7C3688695F87F2213E69D">Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="64B7970DA6A069DE6DCF10FF6E119D83">School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D7ED3C805D45D107397B531DC22F57AC">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B4EBC4746BCD654ECA767AC3784E4D78">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EF6E62F1E39622AE8B5EF40CEEB095F1">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A8BCFD5D62F999280CE8E3E259B3156">Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="50F923E35F7A3FE8A799F9CACBFB4DF4">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CF68DDD914FF4C1E2EFF3D" box="[799,1100,226,250]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CF68DDD914FF4C1E2EFF3D" blockId="244.[799,1100,226,250]" box="[799,1100,226,250]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">
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<heading id="D0B1DB27F6CF68DDD914FF4C1E2EFF3D" box="[799,1100,226,250]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CF68DDD914FF4C1E2EFF3D" ID-CoL="625W5" authority="Bonaparte, 1832" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1832" box="[799,1100,226,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Petauridae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CF68DDD991FF4C1E2EFF3D" author="Bonaparte, C." box="[922,1100,226,250]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" refId="ref194553" refString="Bonaparte, C. 1832. Saggio d'una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati a sangue freddo, Roma: Presso Antonio Boulzaler." type="book" year="1832">Bonaparte, 1832</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CF68DDD8C7FEBD1E60FE8B" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CF68DDD8C7FEBD1E60FE8B" blockId="244.[684,1214,275,1589]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">
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CONTENTS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CF68DDD945FEBD19ABFEEC" box="[846,969,275,299]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Dactylonax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CF68DDD945FEBD19ABFEEC" box="[846,969,275,299]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">Dactylonax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CF68DDD9DEFEBD1E3AFEEC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[981,1112,275,299]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Dactylopsila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CF68DDD9DEFEBD1E3AFEEC" box="[981,1112,275,299]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">Dactylopsila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CF68DDDE6EFEBA1960FE8B" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Gymnobelideus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CF68DDDE6EFEBA1960FE8B" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">Gymnobelideus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CF68DDD94AFE9B19FDFE8B" authorityName="Beck & Voss & Jansa" authorityYear="2022" box="[833,927,309,332]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Petaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CF68DDD94AFE9B19FDFE8B" box="[833,927,309,332]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">Petaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 50).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CF68DDD8C7FEFB1958FDD5" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CF68DDD8C7FEFB188EFE48" blockId="244.[684,1214,275,1589]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">STEM AGE: 24.4 Mya (95% HPD: 23.6–26.1 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CF68DDD8C7FE36188FFE16" blockId="244.[684,1214,275,1589]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">CROWN AGE: 18.8 Mya (95% HPD: 15.9–22.4 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CF68DDD8C7FE741958FDD5" blockId="244.[684,1214,275,1589]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL SYNAPOMORPHIES: None.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CF68DFD8C7FDB219FFFB7F" lastPageId="246" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CF68DDD8C7FDB219BFFA8A" blockId="244.[684,1214,275,1589]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">
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COMMENTS: Monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CF68DDDE2BFDB21EFBFDF3" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1832" box="[1056,1177,540,564]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
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is strongly supported in our molecular (figs. 27–29) and total-evidence (figs. 32,
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<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6CF68DDD9EAFDF0199FFDB1" box="[993,1021,606,630]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="244" pageNumber="244">33</figureCitation>
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) analyses, but we conspicuously failed to identify any unambiguous craniodental synapomorphies for the family. Instead, petaurids apparently retain the plesiomorphic states for many characters that evolved derived conditions along the branch leading to its sister taxon,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CF68DDD952FC8A1E6DFCFB" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[857,1039,804,828]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<superScript id="7C33C103F6CF68DDDE18FC8F1E46FCF5" attach="left" box="[1043,1060,801,818]" fontSize="7" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">35</superScript>
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Nevertheless, five craniodental features optimize as petaurid synapomorphies under Accelerated Transformation only: the foramen rotundum is laterally exposed and separate from the sphenorbital fissure (char. 17: 1→0; ci = 0.286); postorbital processes are present (char. 18: 0→1; ci = 0.042); the frontal and squamosal are in contact on the lateral aspect of braincase (char. 26: 0→1; ci = 0.071); the presphenoid is exposed in the roof of the nasopharyngeal fossa above the posterior palate (char. 43: 1→0; ci = 0.091); the major crest of the semisectorial or fully sectorial P3 is oriented posterolabial to anterolingual (char. 127: 1→2; ci = 0.400); and the cristid obliqua of m1 contacts the metacristid labial to the metaconid (char. 169: 0→1; ci = 0.250).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CF68DFD8C6FAF81B0EFD2D" blockId="244.[684,1214,275,1589]" lastBlockId="246.[108,638,226,1639]" lastPageId="246" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">
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Phylogenetic analyses of the fossil petauroid †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CF68DDD8B2FAD919F6FA48" box="[697,916,1399,1423]" class="Mammalia" genus="Djaludjangi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yadjana">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CF68DDD8B2FAD919F6FA48" box="[697,916,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">Djaludjangi yadjana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(not included in our analyses as it is known from partial dentitions only) suggests that certain dental features of petaurids reconstructed here as plesiomorphic, such as the absence of any trace of selenodonty, may in fact be secondary reversals (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CF68DDD9A5F9B31E02F9F2" author="Brammall, J. R." box="[942,1120,1565,1589]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" pagination="31 - 50" refId="ref194959" refString="Brammall, J. R. 1998. A new petauroid possum from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 23: 31 - 50." type="journal article" year="1998">Brammall, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). Archer (1984c: fig. 189),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDB2CFF4C1B9EFF3D" author="Archer, M. & R. H. Tedford & T. H. Rich" box="[295,508,226,250]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="607 - 627" refId="ref190522" refString="Archer, M., R. H. Tedford, and T. H. Rich. 1987. The Pilkipildridae, a new family and four new species of? petauroid possums (Marsupialia: Phalangerida) from the Australian Miocene. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 607 - 627. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Archer et al. (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD83DFF4C1A88FEDC" author="Brammall, J. R." pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="31 - 50" refId="ref194959" refString="Brammall, J. R. 1998. A new petauroid possum from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 23: 31 - 50." type="journal article" year="1998">Brammall (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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listed a number of putative morphological synapomorphies for
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDBA1FE8A1840FEFB" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1832" box="[426,546,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
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, but, in general, we did not find these to be amenable for scoring as discrete characters. There is a pressing need for detailed studies of fossil and Recent phalangeridans to unravel patterns of craniodental evolution, because it seems plausible that “possum” evolution has been characterized by secondary simplification of certain features (including possible loss of selenodonty in petaurids) as well as the more widely recognized appearance of morphological novelties (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD827FDC01AC0FD6F" author="Winge" firstAuthor="Winge" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" refId="ref234762" refString="Winge, H. 1941. The interrelationships of the mammalian genera. vol. 1. Monotremata, Marsupialia, Insectivora, Chiroptera, Edentata. (translated from the 1923 Danish original by E. Deichmann and G. M. Allen), Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzels Forlag." type="book" year="1941">Winge, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDAA4FD211B28FD60" author="Archer, M." box="[175,330,655,679]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="367 - 372" refId="ref189765" refString="Archer, M. 1976 e. Phascolarctid origins and the potential of the selenodont molar in the evolution of diprotodont marsupials. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 17 (3): 367 - 372." type="journal article" year="1976">Archer, 1976e</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDB5DFD211841FD6F" author="Archer, M. & R. H. Tedford & T. H. Rich" box="[342,547,655,680]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="607 - 627" refId="ref190522" refString="Archer, M., R. H. Tedford, and T. H. Rich. 1987. The Pilkipildridae, a new family and four new species of? petauroid possums (Marsupialia: Phalangerida) from the Australian Miocene. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 607 - 627. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Archer et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD83BFD211B27FD0E" author="Woodburne" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Woodburne" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="581 - 602" refId="ref235323" refString="Woodburne, M. O., N. S. Pledge, and M. Archer. 1987 a. The Miralinidae, a new family and two new species of phalangeroid marsupials from Miocene strata of South Australia. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 581 - 602. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Woodburne et al., 1987a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDB5FFD1E1AC0FD2D" author="Springer and Woodburne" firstAuthor="Springer" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="210 - 221" refId="ref228239" refString="Springer, M. S., and M. O. Woodburne. 1989. The distribution of some basicranial characters within the Marsupialia and a phylogeny of the Phalangeriformes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 210 - 221." type="journal article" year="1989">Springer and Woodburne, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDAA5FD7C1B02FD2D" author="Brammall, J. R." box="[174,352,722,746]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="31 - 50" refId="ref194959" refString="Brammall, J. R. 1998. A new petauroid possum from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 23: 31 - 50." type="journal article" year="1998">Brammall, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<footnote id="E85D7045F6CF68DDD8C7F9C31E00F90E" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CF68DDD8C7F9C31E00F90E" blockId="244.[684,1212,1645,1737]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<superScript id="7C33C103F6CF68DDD8C7F9C318B8F9BE" attach="right" box="[716,730,1645,1657]" fontSize="5" pageId="244" pageNumber="244">35</superScript>
|
||
Interestingly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CF68DDD952F9C019B8F946" author="Roberts, K. K." box="[857,986,1646,1665]" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" refId="ref224254" refString="Roberts, K. K. 2008. Oligo-Miocene pseudocheirid diversity and the early evolution of ringtail possums (Marsupialia). Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">Roberts (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found the opposite result in some of her phylogenetic analyses of living and fossil pseudocheirids, wherein she failed to identify any unambiguous craniodental synapomorphies for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CF68DDD9C4F9181E3CF90E" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[975,1118,1718,1737]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="244" pageNumber="244" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="DF393CC3F6CE68DCDA66F9351BB5F909" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6971471/files/figure.png" pageId="245" pageNumber="245" startId="245.[109,151,1691,1712]" targetBox="[109,1212,199,1656]" targetPageId="245">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CE68DCDA66F9351BB5F909" blockId="245.[109,1214,1688,1742]" pageId="245" pageNumber="245">
|
||
FIG. 50.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CE68DCDACDF9371B1CF976" box="[198,382,1689,1713]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Petaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="245" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CE68DCDACDF9371B1CF976" box="[198,382,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="245" pageNumber="245">Petaurus breviceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CE68DCDB87F9371840F976" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[396,546,1689,1713]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="245" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Diprotodontia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CE68DCD827F93718F8F976" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1832" box="[556,666,1689,1713]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="245" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; based on AMNH 159481, an adult female from Normanby Island, Papua New Guinea).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CD68DFDA86FD5D1822FA93" blockId="246.[108,638,226,1639]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDAE3FD5D1B03FCCC" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1832" box="[232,353,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all our molecular (figs. 27–29) and total-evidence (figs. 32,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6CD68DFDBFCFCBA1871FCEB" box="[503,531,788,812]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="246" pageNumber="246">33</figureCitation>
|
||
) analyses placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDAB1FC9B1B3CFC8A" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1867" box="[186,350,821,845]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Gymnobelideus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDAB1FC9B1B3CFC8A" box="[186,350,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Gymnobelideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a clade with the dactylopsilines
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDAEAFCF81B0AFCA9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[225,360,854,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Dactylopsila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDAEAFCF81B0AFCA9" box="[225,360,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Dactylopsila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDBA3FCF81847FCA9" box="[424,549,854,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Dactylonax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDBA3FCF81847FCA9" box="[424,549,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Dactylonax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to the exclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDAFFFCD61B30FC48" authorityName="Beck & Voss & Jansa" authorityYear="2022" box="[244,338,888,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Petaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDAFFFCD61B30FC48" box="[244,338,888,911]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Petaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This arrangement was also recovered by the molecular analyses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD81CFC361B6AFC16" author="Meredith, R. W. & M. Westerman & M. S. Springer" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="554 - 571" refId="ref216642" refString="Meredith, R. W., M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 a. A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (3): 554 - 571." type="journal article" year="2009">Meredith et al. (2009a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDB42FC17181AFC16" author="May-Collado, L. J. & C. W. Kilpatrick & I. Agnarsson" box="[329,632,953,977]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="805" refId="ref216304" refString="May-Collado, L. J., C. W. Kilpatrick, and I. Agnarsson. 2015. Mammals from ' down under': a multi-gene species-level phylogeny of marsupial mammals (Mammalia, Metatheria). PeerJ 3: e 805." type="journal article" year="2015">May-Collado et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, whereas the molecular analyses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDBECFC741AD6FBD4" author="Mitchell, K. J." pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="2322 - 2330" refId="ref217043" refString="Mitchell, K. J., et al. 2014. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and habitat preference evolution of marsupials. Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (9): 2322 - 2330." type="journal article" year="2014">Mitchell et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDAE1FC521854FBD4" author="Alvarez-Carretero, S." box="[234,566,1019,1047]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="263 - 267" refId="ref188636" refString="Alvarez-Carretero, S., et al. 2021. A species-level timeline of mammal evolution integrating phylogenomic data. Nature 602: 263 - 267." type="journal article" year="2021">Álvarez-Carretero et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDA74FBB31ABFFBF3" authorityName="Beck & Voss & Jansa" authorityYear="2022" box="[127,221,1053,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Petaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDA74FBB31ABFFBF3" box="[127,221,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Petaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDB0EFBB21BCBFBF3" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1867" box="[261,425,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Gymnobelideus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDB0EFBB21BCBFBF3" box="[261,425,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Gymnobelideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade. The cause of this incongruence between studies is unclear, and these different resolutions have important implications for the evolution of gliding adaptations (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDB39FB0F1BF3FB7F" authorityName="Beck & Voss & Jansa" authorityYear="2022" box="[306,401,1185,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Petaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDB39FB0F1BF3FB7F" box="[306,401,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Petaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDBDBFB0E1814FB7F" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1867" box="[464,630,1184,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Gymnobelideus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDBDBFB0E1814FB7F" box="[464,630,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Gymnobelideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, absent in dactylopsilines) within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDBD8FB6C1828FB1D" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1832" box="[467,586,1218,1242]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The topology favored here implies that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDBF5FB4D1AFEFADB" authorityName="McCoy" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Gymnobelideus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDBF5FB4D1AFEFADB" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Gymnobelideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDAD3FAAA1B54FADC" authorityName="Beck & Voss & Jansa" authorityYear="2022" box="[216,310,1284,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Petaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDAD3FAAA1B54FADC" box="[216,310,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Petaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
evolved their gliding patagia independently, or (perhaps less likely) that dactylopsilines have secondarily lost patagia.
|
||
<superScript id="7C33C103F6CD68DFD824FAED1822FA93" attach="left" box="[559,576,1347,1364]" fontSize="7" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">36</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CD68DFDA87FAC91E65FE07" blockId="246.[108,638,226,1639]" lastBlockId="246.[684,1213,226,1208]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">
|
||
Fossil petaurids have been reported from Oligo-Miocene sites in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3512CDBF6CD68DFDB69FA261BA7FA67" box="[354,453,1416,1440]" name="Australia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but much of this material remains undescribed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDBCEFA07181AFA06" author="Brammall, J. R." box="[453,632,1449,1473]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="31 - 50" refId="ref194959" refString="Brammall, J. R. 1998. A new petauroid possum from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 23: 31 - 50." type="journal article" year="1998">Brammall, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDA67FA641B2BFA25" author="Bassarova, M. & M. Archer" box="[108,329,1482,1506]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Archer et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDB52FA641813FA25" author="Archer, M. & S. J. Hand" box="[345,625,1482,1506]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDA72FA451B3BF9C4" box="[121,345,1515,1539]" class="Mammalia" genus="Djaludjangi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yadjana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDA72FA451B3BF9C4" box="[121,345,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Djaludjangi yadjana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mentioned above, shares some putative synapomorphies with petaurids, but this has not been tested via suitably comprehensive phylogenetic analysis (†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDBC6F9E01829F9A1" baseAuthorityName="Brammall" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[461,587,1614,1638]" class="Mammalia" genus="Djaludjangi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDBC6F9E01829F9A1" box="[461,587,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Djaludjangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in the analyses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD9E7FF4C1EEAFF3D" author="Roberts, K. K." box="[1004,1160,226,250]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" refId="ref224254" refString="Roberts, K. K. 2008. Oligo-Miocene pseudocheirid diversity and the early evolution of ringtail possums (Marsupialia). Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">Roberts, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but these were specifically focused on relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFD8F0FE8A19D2FEFB" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[763,944,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD9FDFE8A1EDEFEFB" author="Brammall, J. R." box="[1014,1212,292,316]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="31 - 50" refId="ref194959" refString="Brammall, J. R. 1998. A new petauroid possum from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 23: 31 - 50." type="journal article" year="1998">Brammall’s (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recommendation that this taxon be treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDE9AFEEB196BFEB9" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">Petauroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
incertae sedis has been followed by subsequent authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD966FE291E4DFE58" author="Long, J. A. & M. Archer & T. F. Flannery & S. J. Hand" box="[877,1071,391,415]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" refId="ref213561" refString="Long, J. A., M. Archer, T. F. Flannery, and S. J. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution, Sydney: UNSW Press." type="book" year="2002">Long et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDE35FE291949FE07" author="Archer, M. & S. J. Hand" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD93EFE061999FE07" author="Black, K. H. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & H. Godthelp" box="[821,1019,424,448]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="983 - 1078" refId="ref194115" refString="Black, K. H., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2012 b. The rise of Australian marsupials: a synopsis of biostratigraphic, phylogenetic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic understanding. In J. A. Talent (editor), Earth and life: global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time: 983 - 1078. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag." type="book chapter" year="2012">Black et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CD68DFD8C6FE6719FFFB7F" blockId="246.[684,1213,226,1208]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD8C6FE6719D5FE26" author="Tedford" box="[717,951,457,481]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tedford" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="141 - 142" refId="ref229700" refString="Tedford, R. H., M. R. Banks, N. R. Kemp, I. McDougall, and F. L. Sutherland. 1975. Recognition of the oldest known fossil marsupials from Australia. Nature 225: 141 - 142." type="journal article" year="1975">Tedford et al. (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified fragmentary craniodental remains, including two molars, from the early Miocene Geilston Bay Local Fauna of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4982A2A9F6CD68DFD911FD8219E7FD83" box="[794,901,556,580]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD99DFD821E19FD83" author="Tedford" box="[918,1147,556,580]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tedford" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="141 - 142" refId="ref229700" refString="Tedford, R. H., M. R. Banks, N. R. Kemp, I. McDougall, and F. L. Sutherland. 1975. Recognition of the oldest known fossil marsupials from Australia. Nature 225: 141 - 142." type="journal article" year="1975">Tedford et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDE82FD8219F6FDA2" author="Tedford and Kemp" firstAuthor="Tedford" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref229560" refString="Tedford, R. H., and N. R. Kemp. 1998. Oligocene marsupials of the Geilston Bay local fauna, Tasmania. American Museum Novitates 3244: 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1998">Tedford and Kemp, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD995FDE31E07FDA2" author="Black, K. H. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & H. Godthelp" box="[926,1125,589,613]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="983 - 1078" refId="ref194115" refString="Black, K. H., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2012 b. The rise of Australian marsupials: a synopsis of biostratigraphic, phylogenetic, palaeoecologic and palaeobiogeographic understanding. In J. A. Talent (editor), Earth and life: global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time: 983 - 1078. Dordrecht: Springer Verlag." type="book chapter" year="2012">Black et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDE7BFDE31911FD40" author="Woodhead" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Woodhead" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="153 - 167" refId="ref235654" refString="Woodhead, J., et al. 2014. Developing a radiometricallydated chronologic sequence for Neogene biotic change in Australia, from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area of Queensland. Gondwana Research 29 (1): 153 - 167." type="journal article" year="2014">Woodhead et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as representing a probable phalangerid, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD963FD211EE7FD6F" author="Tedford and Kemp" box="[872,1157,655,680]" firstAuthor="Tedford" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref229560" refString="Tedford, R. H., and N. R. Kemp. 1998. Oligocene marsupials of the Geilston Bay local fauna, Tasmania. American Museum Novitates 3244: 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1998">Tedford and Kemp (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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subsequently referred them to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFD9D7FD1E1E01FD0F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[988,1123,688,712]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">Petauroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDE66FD1E195DFD2D" author="Crosby, K. & M. Nagy & M. Archer" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="77 - 82" refId="ref199429" refString="Crosby, K., M. Nagy, and M. Archer. 2001. Wyulda asherjoeli, a new phalangerid (Diprotodontia: Marsupialia) from the early Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 25: 77 - 82." type="journal article" year="2001">Crosby et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
argued that these molars more likely represent a phalangerid based on the presence of well-developed lophs, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDE6EFCBA1897FC8A" author="Roberts, K. K." pageId="246" pageNumber="246" refId="ref224254" refString="Roberts, K. K. 2008. Oligo-Miocene pseudocheirid diversity and the early evolution of ringtail possums (Marsupialia). Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">Roberts (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
continued to refer to them as petauroid, although her phylogenetic analyses did not unambiguously support petauroid affinities for them. Also of interest is
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD9BCFC361E11FC77" author="Hocknull, S. A." box="[951,1139,920,944]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="39 - 122" refId="ref208977" refString="Hocknull, S. A. 2005. Ecological succession during the late Cainozoic of central eastern Queensland: extinction of a diverse rainforest community. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 51 (1): 39 - 122." type="journal article" year="2005">Hocknull’s (2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDE76FC361ED6FC77" author="Hocknull, S. A." box="[1149,1204,920,944]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" refId="ref209017" refString="Hocknull, S. A. 2009. Late Cainozoic rainforest vertebrates from Australopapua: evolution, biogeography and extinction. Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) report of a new, currently unnamed petaurid from middle Pleistocene deposits at Mount Etna in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4982A2A9F6CD68DFD90CFC5519EEFBD4" box="[775,908,1019,1043]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
that appears to retain several dental plesiomorphies relative to Recent petaurids; future phylogenetic analyses including this taxon may help clarify relationships both within the family and between petaurids and other petauroids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |