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312 lines
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<document id="EC854223EB962D5E3D24E3E593EC9197" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6C4692BD937FAF81B45FD41" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Potoroidae Gray 1821" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="255" updateTime="1699350301078" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5F6D0BEC7B2DE136E2B9A496EF9B065F">Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="33E3902A7127A5E3BFAF95E1DA190EA3">Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE29B051FEF38565084DF0F387872AC0">School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6DBF928A7130B7E5D9C7F1B5132B5039">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7F83475B5A6310BA3A09F51C9D4DFE31">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="047414D6988639802B71DE0F8020300E">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D98C6D2EE158D1CF3816593F5700A8F9">Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6C468D6D937FAF81E4CFAA8" box="[828,1070,1366,1391]" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C468D6D937FAF81E4CFAA8" blockId="255.[828,1070,1366,1391]" box="[828,1070,1366,1391]" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C468D6D937FAF81E4CFAA8" ID-CoL="627MY" authority="Gray, 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[828,1070,1366,1391]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Potoroidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C468D6D9B2FAF91E4CFAA8" author="Gray, J. E." box="[953,1070,1367,1391]" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" pagination="296 - 310" refId="ref207525" refString="Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository 15: 296 - 310." type="journal article" year="1821">Gray, 1821</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6C468D6D8C7FA261EDEFA06" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C468D6D8C7FA261EDEFA06" blockId="255.[684,1212,1416,1738]" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">
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CONTENTS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C468D6D944FA261981FA58" authorityName="Garrod" authorityYear="1875" box="[847,995,1416,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Aepyprymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6C468D6D944FA261981FA58" box="[847,995,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">Aepyprymnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C468D6D9FBFA271E34FA67" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[1008,1110,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Bettongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6C468D6D9FBFA271E34FA67" box="[1008,1110,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">Bettongia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,?
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C468D6DE66FA2718AEFA06" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Bettongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6C468D6DE66FA2718AEFA06" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">Bettongia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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†
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6C468D6D8EBFA04194AFA06" box="[736,808,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">moyesi</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C468D6D93FFA0719A6FA06" baseAuthorityName="Finlayson" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[820,964,1449,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Caloprymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6C468D6D93FFA0719A6FA06" box="[820,964,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">Caloprymnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C468D6D9F5FA041E39FA06" authorityName="Beck & Voss & Jansa" authorityYear="2022" box="[1022,1115,1450,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Potorous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6C468D6D9F5FA041E39FA06" box="[1022,1115,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">Potorous</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 54).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6C468D6D8C7FA641958F940" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C468D6D8C7FA64188EF9C4" blockId="255.[684,1212,1416,1738]" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">STEM AGE: 19.3 Mya (95% HPD: 18.0–22.0 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C468D6D8C7F9A2188FF981" blockId="255.[684,1212,1416,1738]" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">CROWN AGE: 15.7 Mya (95% HPD: 11.7–22.0 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C468D6D8C7F9E11958F940" blockId="255.[684,1212,1416,1738]" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL SYNAPOMORPHIES: None.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6C4692BD8C7F93F1B45FD41" lastPageId="258" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C46928D8C7F93F187EFC77" blockId="255.[684,1212,1416,1738]" lastBlockId="257.[108,637,226,1738]" lastPageId="257" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="255" pageNumber="255">
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COMMENTS: Monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C468D6DE14F93E1EF8F96F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1055,1178,1680,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="255" pageNumber="255" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potoroidae</taxonomicName>
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is strongly supported in our molecular (figs. 27–29) and total-evidence (figs. 32,
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<figureCitation id="137D70CEF73A6928DB92FF4C1BD6FF3D" box="[409,436,226,250]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="257" pageNumber="257">33</figureCitation>
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) analyses, as it has been in other recent molecular and total-evidence studies (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DB10FE8A1840FEFB" author="Meredith, R. W. & M. Westerman & M. S. Springer" box="[283,546,292,316]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="554 - 571" refId="ref216642" refString="Meredith, R. W., M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 a. A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (3): 554 - 571." type="journal article" year="2009">Meredith et al., 2009a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928D838FE8A1815FEFB" author="Meredith, R. W. & M. Westerman & M. S. Springer" box="[563,631,292,316]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="395 - 410" refId="ref216691" refString="Meredith, R. W., M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 b. A phylogeny and timescale for the living genera of kangaroos and kin (Macropodiformes: Marsupialia) based on nuclear DNA sequences. Australian Journal of Zoology 56: 395 - 410." type="journal article" year="2009">2009b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DA67FEEB1ACCFE9A" author="Meredith, R. W. & C. Krajewski & M. Westerman & M. S. Springer" box="[108,174,325,349]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="383 - 406" refId="ref216745" refString="Meredith, R. W., C. Krajewski, M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 c. Relationships and divergence times among the orders and families of Marsupialia. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 65: 383 - 406." type="journal article" year="2009">
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2009
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DAA8FEEB1ACCFE9A" author="Rodgers, J. C." box="[163,174,325,349]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" refId="ref224441" refString="Rodgers, J. C. 2011. Comparative morphology of the vestibular semicircular canals in therian mammals. Ph. D. dissertation, Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin." type="book" year="2011">c</bibRefCitation>
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, 2011;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DAF5FEEB1BB2FE9A" author="Llamas, B." box="[254,464,325,349]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="574 - 584" refId="ref213523" refString="Llamas, B., et al. 2015. Late Pleistocene Australian marsupial DNA clarifies the affinities of extinct megafaunal kangaroos and wallabies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (3): 574 - 584." type="journal article" year="2015">Llamas et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DBD6FEEB1AC1FEB9" author="Mitchell, K. J." pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="2322 - 2330" refId="ref217043" refString="Mitchell, K. J., et al. 2014. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and habitat preference evolution of marsupials. Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (9): 2322 - 2330." type="journal article" year="2014">Mitchell et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DABBFEC81BA5FEB9" author="May-Collado, L. J. & C. W. Kilpatrick & I. Agnarsson" box="[176,455,358,382]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="805" refId="ref216304" refString="May-Collado, L. J., C. W. Kilpatrick, and I. Agnarsson. 2015. Mammals from ' down under': a multi-gene species-level phylogeny of marsupial mammals (Mammalia, Metatheria). PeerJ 3: e 805." type="journal article" year="2015">May-Collado et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DBDFFEC81AC0FE58" author="Duchene, D. A." pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="400 - 412" refId="ref200659" refString="Duchene, D. A., et al. 2018. Analysis of phylogenomic tree space resolves relationships among marsupial families. Systematic Biology 67 (3): 400 - 412." type="journal article" year="2018">Duchêne et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DAA7FE291B1AFE58" author="Cascini, M. & K. J. Mitchell & A. Cooper & M. J. Phillips" box="[172,376,391,415]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="520 - 537" refId="ref196727" refString="Cascini, M., K. J. Mitchell, A. Cooper, and M. J. Phillips. 2019. Reconstructing the evolution of giant extinct kangaroos: Comparing the utility of DNA, morphology, and total evidence. Systematic Biology 68 (3): 520 - 537." type="journal article" year="2019">Cascini et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DB89FE291854FE58" author="Celik, M." box="[386,566,391,415]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="793 - 812" refId="ref196981" refString="Celik, M., et al. 2019. A molecular and morphometric assessment of the systematics of the Macropus complex clarifies the tempo and mode of kangaroo evolution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 793 - 812." type="journal article" year="2019">Celik et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928D84BFE291BF2FE07" author="Alvarez-Carretero, S." pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="263 - 267" refId="ref188636" refString="Alvarez-Carretero, S., et al. 2021. A species-level timeline of mammal evolution integrating phylogenomic data. Nature 602: 263 - 267." type="journal article" year="2021">Álvarez-Carretero et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). However, morphological studies have failed to consistently support potoroid monophyly (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DB50FE44186CFDC5" author="Kear, B. P. & B. N. Cooke & M. Archer & T. F. Flannery" box="[347,526,490,514]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="1147 - 1167" refId="ref210900" refString="Kear, B. P., B. N. Cooke, M. Archer, and T. F. Flannery. 2007. Implications of a new species of the OligoMiocene kangaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea) Nambaroo, from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland, Australia. Journal of Paleontology 81 (6): 1147 - 1167." type="journal article" year="2007">Kear et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928D812FE451A9DFDE4" author="Kear, B. P. & N. S. Pledge" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="331 - 339" refId="ref210743" refString="Kear, B. P., and N. S. Pledge. 2008. A new fossil kangaroo from the Oligocene-Miocene Etadunna Formation of Ngama Quarry, Lake Palankarinna, South Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 55 (6): 331 - 339." type="journal article" year="2008">Kear and Pledge, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DB1BFDA5181AFDE4" author="Prideaux and Warburton" box="[272,632,523,547]" firstAuthor="Prideaux" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="954 - 987" refId="ref222372" refString="Prideaux, G. J., and N. M. Warburton. 2010. An osteology-based appraisal of the phylogeny and evolution of kangaroos and wallabies (Macropodidae: Marsupialia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159: 954 - 987." type="journal article" year="2010">Prideaux and Warburton, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DA67FD821B24FD83" author="Black, K. H." box="[108,326,556,580]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="112705" refId="ref194351" refString="Black, K. H., et al. 2014 c. A new species of the basal " kangaroo " Balbaroo and a re-evaluation of stem macropodiform interrelationships. PLoS One 9 (11): e 112705." type="journal article" year="2014">Black et al., 2014c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DB5CFD821815FD83" author="Travouillon" box="[343,631,556,580]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="20" refId="ref230732" refString="Travouillon, K. J., B. N. Cooke, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2014 b. Revision of basal macropodids from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area with descriptions of new material of Ganguroo bilamina Cooke, 1997 and a new species. Palaeontologia Electronica 17 (1): 20 A." type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">Travouillon et al., 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DA67FDE31AD2FDA2" author="Travouillon" box="[108,176,589,613]" firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="274 - 286" refId="ref230795" refString="Travouillon, K. J., M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2015 a. Revision of Wabularoo, an early macropodid kangaroo from mid-Cenozoic deposits of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland, Australia. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 39 (2): 274 - 286." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
2015
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DAAFFDE31AD2FDA2" author="a" box="[164,176,589,613]" firstAuthor="a" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="602 - 611" refId="ref236085" refString="Wright, A. M., G. T. Lloyd, and D. M. Hillis. 2016. Modeling character change heterogeneity in phylogenetic analyses of morphology through the use of priors. Systematic Biology 65 (4): 602 - 611." type="journal article" year="2016">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2016;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DB0DFDE31BBEFDA2" author="Cooke, B. N. & K. J. Travouillon & M. Archer & S. J. Hand" box="[262,476,589,613]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="956879" refId="ref198423" refString="Cooke, B. N., K. J. Travouillon, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2015. Ganguroo robustiter, sp. nov. (Macropodoidea, Marsupialia), a middle to early late Miocene basal macropodid from Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (4): e 956879." type="journal article" year="2015">Cooke et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DBE7FDE31AC1FD41" author="Butler, K. & K. J. Travouillon & G. J. Price & M. Archer & S. J. Hand" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="1083029" refId="ref195985" refString="Butler, K., K. J. Travouillon, G. J. Price, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2016. Cookeroo, a new genus of fossil kangaroo (Marsupialia, Macropodidae) from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (3): e 1083029." type="journal article" year="2016">Butler et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DAA6FDC11A81FD40" author="Butler, K. & K. J. Travouillon & G. Price & M. Archer & S. J. Hand" box="[173,227,623,647]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref196113" refString="Butler, K., K. J. Travouillon, G. Price, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2018. Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae). Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.8 A: 1 - 58." type="book chapter" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DAE5FDC01BDCFD40" author="Cascini, M. & K. J. Mitchell & A. Cooper & M. J. Phillips" box="[238,446,622,647]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="520 - 537" refId="ref196727" refString="Cascini, M., K. J. Mitchell, A. Cooper, and M. J. Phillips. 2019. Reconstructing the evolution of giant extinct kangaroos: Comparing the utility of DNA, morphology, and total evidence. Systematic Biology 68 (3): 520 - 537." type="journal article" year="2019">Cascini et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and our craniodental analyses similarly did not recover a monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DAD2FD1E1B37FD0F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[217,341,688,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potoroidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs. 30, 31). Perhaps unsurprisingly, no craniodental feature optimizes as an unambiguous synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D80DFD5D181EFCCC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[518,636,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potoroidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our dated total-evidence analysis. However, one highly homoplastic dental feature optimizes as a potoroid synapomorphy under Delayed Transformation: m3 hypoconid lingual to salient protoconid (char. 173: 0→1; ci = 0.045).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF393CC3F73B6929DA67F93B1ABFF90E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971479" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6971479/files/figure.png" pageId="256" pageNumber="256" startId="256.[108,150,1685,1706]" targetBox="[137,1187,229,1648]" targetPageId="256">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF73B6929DA67F93B1ABFF90E" blockId="256.[108,1212,1683,1737]" pageId="256" pageNumber="256">
|
||
FIG. 54.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73B6929DAC5F93A1BFFF96C" baseAuthorityName="Kerr" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[206,413,1683,1707]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Potorous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="256" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tridactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73B6929DAC5F93A1BFFF96C" box="[206,413,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="256" pageNumber="256">Potorous tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73B6929DBA5F93D1825F96C" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[430,583,1683,1707]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="256" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Diprotodontia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73B6929D85DF93D18AAF96C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[598,712,1683,1707]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="256" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potoroidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; based on AMNH 66168, an adult male from Tasmania).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF73A6928DA86FC171E6BFD2D" blockId="257.[108,637,226,1738]" lastBlockId="257.[684,1214,226,1208]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">
|
||
As discussed (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DB5FFC171B96FC16" baseAuthorityName="sensu Kear and Cooke" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[340,500,953,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Macropodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D818FC17181FFC16" box="[531,637,953,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
above), at least one putative potoroid— †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DA71FC551A8CFBD4" authorityName="Flannery, Archer & Plane" authorityYear="1982" box="[122,238,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Gumardee" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928DA71FC551A8CFBD4" box="[122,238,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Gumardee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—is known from late Oligocene (Faunal Zone A) sites at Riversleigh World Heritage Area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DAECFB931BB0FB92" author="Flannery, T. F. & M. Archer & M. Plane" box="[231,466,1085,1109]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="287 - 302" refId="ref202539" refString="Flannery, T. F., M. Archer, and M. Plane. 1983. Middle Miocene kangaroos (Macropodoidea: Marsupialia) from three localities in northern Australia, with a description of two new subfamilies. Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 7: 287 - 302." type="journal article" year="1983">Flannery et al., 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DBD4FB931AA8FBB1" author="Travouillon" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="189 - 207" refId="ref230914" refString="Travouillon, K. J., K. Butler, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2016. New material of Gumardee pascuali Flannery et al., 1983 (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes) and two new species from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 189 - 207." type="journal article" year="2016">Travouillon et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and possibly also from the late Oligocene Namba Formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DB9DFBD11AC7FB7F" author="Flannery, T. F. & T. H. V. Rich" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="418 - 447" refId="ref202443" refString="Flannery, T. F., and T. H. V. Rich. 1986. Macropodoids from the middle Miocene Namba Formation, South Australia, and the homology of some dental structures in kangaroos. Journal of Paleontology 60 (2): 418 - 447." type="journal article" year="1986">Flannery and Rich, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DACEFB0E1B57FB7F" authorityName="Flannery, Archer & Plane" authorityYear="1982" box="[197,309,1184,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Gumardee" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928DACEFB0E1B57FB7F" box="[197,309,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Gumardee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not included in our analyses due to its fragmentary preservation) has been recovered as a stem potoroid in one published phylogenetic analysis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DB6CFAAA1812FADB" author="Travouillon" box="[359,624,1284,1308]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="189 - 207" refId="ref230914" refString="Travouillon, K. J., K. Butler, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2016. New material of Gumardee pascuali Flannery et al., 1983 (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes) and two new species from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 189 - 207." type="journal article" year="2016">Travouillon et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although not in others (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DB7AFA8B1854FAFA" author="Butler, K. & K. J. Travouillon & G. J. Price & M. Archer & S. J. Hand" box="[369,566,1317,1341]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="1083029" refId="ref195985" refString="Butler, K., K. J. Travouillon, G. J. Price, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2016. Cookeroo, a new genus of fossil kangaroo (Marsupialia, Macropodidae) from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (3): e 1083029." type="journal article" year="2016">Butler et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928D84AFA8B181AFAFA" author="Butler, K. & K. J. Travouillon & G. Price & M. Archer & S. J. Hand" box="[577,632,1317,1341]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref196113" refString="Butler, K., K. J. Travouillon, G. Price, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2018. Revision of Oligo-Miocene kangaroos, Ganawamaya and Nambaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes, Balbaridae). Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.8 A: 1 - 58." type="book chapter" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DA66FAE81BECFA99" author="Travouillon" box="[109,398,1350,1374]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="105 - 128" refId="ref231133" refString="Travouillon, K. J., K. Butler, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2022. Two new species of the genus Gumardee (Marsupialia, Macropodiformes) reveal the repeated evolution of bilophodonty in kangaroos. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 46 (1): 105 - 128." type="journal article" year="2022">Travouillon et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D809FAE81817FA99" authorityName="Flannery, Archer & Plane" authorityYear="1982" box="[514,629,1350,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Gumardee" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928D809FAE81817FA99" box="[514,629,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Gumardee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with various “bulungamayines” (†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DA8FFA261B7CFA67" box="[132,286,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Bulungamaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928DA8FFA261B7CFA67" box="[132,286,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Bulungamaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DB4FFA261BCFFA67" authorityName="Butler, Travouillon, Price, Archer & Hand" authorityYear="2016" box="[324,429,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Cookeroo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928DB4FFA261BCFFA67" box="[324,429,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Cookeroo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DBD8FA261820FA58" authorityName="Cooke" authorityYear="1997" box="[467,578,1416,1439]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Ganguroo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928DBD8FA261820FA58" box="[467,578,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Ganguroo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DA72FA071A92FA06" authorityName="Archer" authorityYear="1979" box="[121,240,1449,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Wabularoo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928DA72FA071A92FA06" box="[121,240,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Wabularoo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; at least some of which are probably stem macropodids) from Riversleigh Faunal Zone A, and possible additional potoroid material from the Namba Formation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928DBEEF9A21A90F982" author="Flannery, T. F. & T. H. V. Rich" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="418 - 447" refId="ref202443" refString="Flannery, T. F., and T. H. V. Rich. 1986. Macropodoids from the middle Miocene Namba Formation, South Australia, and the homology of some dental structures in kangaroos. Journal of Paleontology 60 (2): 418 - 447." type="journal article" year="1986">Flannery and Rich, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), suggest a late Oligocene split between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DAD8F9E01B17F9A1" baseAuthorityName="sensu Kear and Cooke" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[211,373,1614,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Macropodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DBB8F9E0184DF9A1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[435,559,1614,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potoroidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we recovered a somewhat younger (early Miocene estimate) for this split in our analyses (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DAAFF91C1B25F90D" baseAuthorityName="sensu Kear and Cooke" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[164,327,1714,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Macropodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DB64F91C1B8BF90D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[367,489,1714,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potoroidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
above), and even if †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D905FF4C191CFF3D" authorityName="Flannery, Archer & Plane" authorityYear="1982" box="[782,894,226,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Gumardee" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928D905FF4C191CFF3D" box="[782,894,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Gumardee</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a stem potoroid, it is not informative about the timing of divergences within crown-clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D985FE8A1E6AFEFB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[910,1032,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potoroidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At present, the oldest known crown-clade potoroid is probably †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D8B1FEC819C1FEB9" box="[698,931,358,382]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Milliyowi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bunganditj">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928D8B1FEC819C1FEB9" box="[698,931,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Milliyowi bunganditj</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the early Pliocene (~4.46 Mya) Hamilton Local Fauna in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4982A2A9F73A6928DE68FE291EDEFE58" box="[1123,1212,391,415]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928D8BFFE0619C9FE07" author="Flannery, T. F. & T. H. Rich & W. D. Turnbull & E. L. Lundelius Jr." box="[692,939,424,448]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref202700" refString="Flannery, T. F., T. H. Rich, W. D. Turnbull, and E. L. Lundelius Jr. 1992. The Macropodoidea (Marsupialia) of the early Pliocene Hamilton local fauna, Victoria, Australia. Fieldiana: Geology 25: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1992">Flannery et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928D9B0FE061ECDFE07" author="Turnbull" box="[955,1199,424,448]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Turnbull" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="513 - 540" refId="ref231535" refString="Turnbull, W. D., E. L. Lundelius Jr., and M. Archer. 2003. Dasyurids, perameloids, phalangeroids, and vombatoids from the Early Pliocene Hamilton Fauna, Victoria, Australia. In L. J. Flynn (editor), Vertebrate fossils and their context: contributions in honor of Richard H. Tedford. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279: 513 - 540." type="journal article" year="2003">Turnbull et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which has not been included in the current analysis.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928D8E9FE4419F6FDC5" author="Prideaux" box="[738,916,490,514]" firstAuthor="Prideaux" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="317 - 329" refId="ref222139" refString="Prideaux, G. J. 1999. Borungaboodie hatcheri gen. et sp. nov., a very large bettong (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea) from the Pleistocene of southwestern Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 57: 317 - 329." type="journal article" year="1999">Prideaux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DE5DFE441EDEFDC5" authorityName="Flannery, Rich, Turnbull & Lundelius" authorityYear="1992" box="[1110,1212,490,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Macropodidae" genus="Milliyowi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928DE5DFE441EDEFDC5" box="[1110,1212,490,514]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Milliyowi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D9C6FDA21E00FDE4" authorityName="Garrod" authorityYear="1875" box="[973,1122,524,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Aepyprymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928D9C6FDA21E00FDE4" box="[973,1122,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Aepyprymnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to any other extant potoroid genus, although this was not tested using a formal phylogenetic analysis.
|
||
<superScript id="7C33C103F73A6928D8D0FDC2188EFDBA" attach="left" box="[731,748,620,637]" fontSize="7" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">37</superScript>
|
||
Nevertheless, this is compatible with our estimated divergence dates, which suggest that crown-clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D937FD1E19D1FD0F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[828,947,688,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Potoroidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
began to diversify during the middle to late Miocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF73A692BD8C6FD5D1B45FD41" blockId="257.[684,1214,226,1208]" lastBlockId="258.[108,638,226,646]" lastPageId="258" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">
|
||
Our undated (fig. 32) and dated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D70CEF73A6928DE3AFD5D1E17FCCC" box="[1073,1141,755,779]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="257" pageNumber="257">fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
) totalevidence analyses disagree with regard to the affinities of the only fossil potoroid that we included, the middle Miocene?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D9F6FCF91E00FCA9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[1021,1122,855,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Bettongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928D9F6FCF91E00FCA9" box="[1021,1122,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Bettongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
†
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928DE7FFCF91EDEFCA9" box="[1140,1212,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">moyesi</emphasis>
|
||
(described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF73A6928D943FCD91EE3FC48" author="Flannery, T. F. & M. Archer" box="[840,1153,887,911]" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" pagination="759 - 767" refId="ref202183" refString="Flannery, T. F., and M. Archer. 1987 b. Bettongia moyesi, a new and plesiomorphic kangaroo (Marsupialia: Potoroidae) from Miocene sediments of northwestern Queensland. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 759 - 767. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Flannery and Archer, 1987b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): this taxon was found to be sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928DE1BFC361EC6FC68" authorityName="Garrod" authorityYear="1875" box="[1040,1188,920,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Aepyprymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928DE1BFC361EC6FC68" box="[1040,1188,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Aepyprymnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F73A6928D8A7FC141973FC16" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[684,785,954,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Bettongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="257" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F73A6928D8A7FC141973FC16" box="[684,785,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="257">Bettongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our undated analysis, but it falls outside the potoroid crown clade in our dated analysis. Again, this may be the result of our use of the Fossilized Birth Death model in our dated analysis, as this will tend to reconstruct fossil terminals as originating deeper in the tree (see Dated Total-Evidence Analysis in the Discussion section for more detail). However, as already discussed, we prefer the results of our dated analysis regarding relationships within Macropodiformes (based on their greater congruence with other recent studies of macropodiform systematics), so we tentatively recognize?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F739692BDB8DFEC91B8EFEB9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[390,492,359,382]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Bettongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="258" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F739692BDB8DFEC91B8EFEB9" box="[390,492,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="258" pageNumber="258">Bettongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
†
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F739692BD80AFEC91828FEB9" box="[513,586,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="258" pageNumber="258">moyesi</emphasis>
|
||
as a stem potoroid, as also found by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF739692BDBCCFE291AD7FE07" author="Travouillon" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="258" pageNumber="258" pagination="189 - 207" refId="ref230914" refString="Travouillon, K. J., K. Butler, M. Archer, and S. J. Hand. 2016. New material of Gumardee pascuali Flannery et al., 1983 (Marsupialia: Macropodiformes) and two new species from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 189 - 207." type="journal article" year="2016">Travouillon et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF739692BDB48FE06181FFE07" author="Flannery, T. F. & M. Archer" box="[323,637,424,448]" pageId="258" pageNumber="258" pagination="759 - 767" refId="ref202183" refString="Flannery, T. F., and M. Archer. 1987 b. Bettongia moyesi, a new and plesiomorphic kangaroo (Marsupialia: Potoroidae) from Miocene sediments of northwestern Queensland. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 759 - 767. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Flannery and Archer (1987b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in their original description,?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F739692BDBB3FE64187CFE26" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" box="[440,542,458,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Bettongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="258" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F739692BDBB3FE64187CFE26" box="[440,542,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="258" pageNumber="258">Bettongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
†
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F739692BD838FE64181EFE26" box="[563,636,458,481]" italics="true" pageId="258" pageNumber="258">moyesi</emphasis>
|
||
closely resembles living
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F739692BDB76FE451859FDC5" box="[381,571,490,514]" pageId="258" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F739692BDB76FE451B86FDC5" box="[381,484,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="258" pageNumber="258">Bettongia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F739692BDAD8FDA21B23FDE4" baseAuthorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[211,321,523,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Bettongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="258" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lesueur">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F739692BDAD8FDA21B23FDE4" box="[211,321,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="258" pageNumber="258">B. lesueur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); if this fossil is, indeed, a stem potoroid, then it seems likely that a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F739692BD825FD831AEEFDA2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Potoroidae" genus="Bettongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="258" pageNumber="258" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F739692BD825FD831AEEFDA2" italics="true" pageId="258" pageNumber="258">Bettongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like morphology may have been ancestral for crown potoroids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |