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<document id="FA50ED1ED71C8A53E3CB460162A08899" ID-CLB-Dataset="9476" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.726.1169" ID-GBIF-Dataset="778b3715-635c-4d46-9d08-8d355fa91d5f" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4298412" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1606740566984" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Paillès, Christine, Sylvestre, Florence, Tonetto, Alain, Mazur, Jean-Charles &amp; Conrod, Sandrine" docDate="2020" docId="03E74A22FFA37C4DA576604AFABBADCA" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-726_pailles_sylvestre_tonetto.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 726" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cyclocostis rolfii Pailles" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFDE325AFFA07C4AA744655EFFE6A94F" masterDocTitle="New fossil genus and new extant species of diatoms (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Pleistocene sediments in the Neotropics (Guatemala, Central America): adaptation to a changing environment?" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698846962647" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="6111D1F200BCBC63F0A3E631FAF50C49" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C7843FD537847221684360EAAF472257">
<mods:title id="3B9702F4BA103D07799FD48D57CF8334">New fossil genus and new extant species of diatoms (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Pleistocene sediments in the Neotropics (Guatemala, Central America): adaptation to a changing environment?</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F9AA7778C6F9575231403E244B6C6D81" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D98779A9C69DC6301F47E5F13F5FE9A0">
<mods:roleTerm id="A4BC6F705DE46BADE0ADD66B2D94DA49">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EAF5A5F5BA82B5FF9EFB429DC1B98EDA">Paillès, Christine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3009145422A3F9F814D9BAECDAA5B04C">Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3ED9F2BD7313AEAF492A11C822B8CE0D" type="email">pailles@cerege.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="033D7B73C03EB0BCFD8FDBC99F3B841C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8C8F9968BF9B6B8DC08B89335BFB3032">
<mods:roleTerm id="C19D3E8FF87247B5AEA730FA058B6FD5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DE0C9A04FBF005323144479F59F92D8C">Sylvestre, Florence</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="08756CB00E12B9167507A69CD4E3D7B5">Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2FC6490FB9DAFE08E5077B29E1287799" type="email">sylvestre@cerege.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E5B7A124C4BB878BB31FED9727B8C3BA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1B4F23E8D654B00A592594884831F496">
<mods:roleTerm id="7BD5119CF2D3C9FF09D011B7654A173D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A1A6DCDF9797F4D03B9488317444D57F">Tonetto, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="87C9A471E2EDF625D2CCF6192BDD2F98">Aix-Marseille Université, Fédération de Chimie, PRATIM, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6A3ECFEEB10520D9F3E4DE5EC4786F93" type="email">alain.tonetto@univ-amu.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BE57600C0174A2C9316B190A7882B2CE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0BB0510D49DFAB1F9D3212FAD93EC25E">
<mods:roleTerm id="3579C47393ACBAE23EF04041997B9735">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3330853663CF19E79604066E64EFD348">Mazur, Jean-Charles</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4F0BDFF9750CDA671748EE82B82AAD26">Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BFA5B7063E4E0DDD0B228054726647A7" type="email">mazur@cerege.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D9A4301017E6CDECCB34C3A0079E33B3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="258257FF93D58470225E0511CEB7E650">
<mods:roleTerm id="5CA19F44466A6DFF7CF227ECE4A9415C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B04E1F78CDE8AA71AA527F4C82EDE9B8">Conrod, Sandrine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C46C315360F34F492C50E3FA749609C9">Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4, France.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="76DEF8268CF1D7FA740F7E528AEC4B89" type="email">conrod@cerege.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E3EF2E7216B2007AF73985D88F67498E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8041DEAFD5A9CEECD3B6B4A202B260EA">
<mods:title id="8F8888A8D00E92A545604F92E09FED85">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DB8126766EF64B18085BD37A7A07E695">
<mods:date id="C7D151BF07D679201207A163ED041EE9">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F3EB9543AC7B05C7E83994E599F7BB82" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A3A56028D680427BD3AE962633D10B02">2020-11-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EC1EB76CD4D03F04972D5F8C1AA1E8B7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AE8AB13848E7DBE583823D144D93A8E0">726</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B986326D8A5C9FC5C056AEFA69696455">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3655C06033FC57E143488E30C4FE795A">23</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="FE45B177E3532E79D9FE7ACE9B70B82B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="52D3507197E3B7591DD596786E1003A6" type="CLB-Dataset">9476</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9CF522E6F3D9385DAEA0AF35D03409E2" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2020.726.1169</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A505F00B1CF39F5D162E03D1F8CE85B2" type="GBIF-Dataset">778b3715-635c-4d46-9d08-8d355fa91d5f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="89D4307DC6EE120EBEFE81E1D2462FF0" type="Zenodo-Dep">4298412</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03E74A22FFA37C4DA576604AFABBADCA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328118" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170604386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E74A22FFA37C4DA576604AFABBADCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E74A22FFA37C4DA576604AFABBADCA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C354A8BFFFA37C49A576604AFBE7AC60" box="[562,1025,1300,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A576604AFBE7AC60" blockId="3.[562,1025,1300,1363]" box="[562,1025,1300,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0B94C58FFA37C49A576604AFBE7AC60" box="[562,1025,1300,1327]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA37C49A576604AFCB7AC60" authority="Pailles" authorityName="Pailles" box="[562,849,1300,1327]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA37C49A576604AFD1AAC60" bold="true" box="[562,764,1300,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cyclocostis rolfii</emphasis>
Paillès
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354A8BFFFA37C49A59B6067FCB2AC1C" box="[735,852,1337,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A59B6067FCB2AC1C" blockId="3.[562,1025,1300,1363]" box="[735,852,1337,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA37C49A59B6067FCC4AC1C" box="[735,802,1337,1363]" captionStart="Figs 1–24" captionStartId="4.[190,242,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,561,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-106@4.[193,1394,561,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1–24. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov., Lake Petén- Itzá (Guatemala); LM girdle view (1) and valve views (2–24). 4. Holotype (MNHN, slide PC0608731). 7–8. Valve surface strongly tangentially undulated, forming an S shape. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298416/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
–40
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354A8BFFFA37C49A7F96025FB0BAC8A" box="[189,1261,1403,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A7F96025FEA2ACDA" blockId="3.[189,324,1403,1429]" box="[189,324,1403,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0B94C58FFA37C49A7F96025FEA2ACDA" bold="true" box="[189,324,1403,1429]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA37C49A7F96025FEA2ACDA" bold="true" box="[189,324,1403,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A7F960F5FB0BAC8A" blockId="3.[189,1261,1451,1477]" box="[189,1261,1451,1477]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This species is named in honor of Rolf Klee for his dedicated career on
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA37C49A34360F5FB0FAC8A" box="[1031,1257,1451,1477]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="family">Stephanodiscaceae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354A8BFFFA37C49A7F960B3FC52AEA7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A7F960B3FE8AAF48" blockId="3.[189,364,1517,1543]" box="[189,364,1517,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0B94C58FFA37C49A7F960B3FE8AAF48" bold="true" box="[189,364,1517,1543]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA37C49A7F960B3FE8AAF48" bold="true" box="[189,364,1517,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A7AE6343FEBAAF78" blockId="3.[189,1399,1565,1699]" box="[234,348,1565,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA37C49A7AE6343FEBAAF78" bold="true" box="[234,348,1565,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="54F54596FFA37C49A7AE6343FEBAAF78" box="[234,348,1565,1591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A7F9631FFDF0AFEC" blockId="3.[189,1399,1565,1699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="3B26F169FFA37C49A7F9631FFDF0AFEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987080304" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Slide PC" country="France" location="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Slide PC0608731 and sediment PC0608728 deposited at the Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (
<collectionCode id="ED5F63F1FFA37C49A557633BFD96AF30" box="[531,624,1637,1663]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNHN</collectionCode>
) Paris, France. Specimen on slide PC0608731 (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA37C49A3E3633BFB09AF30" box="[1191,1263,1637,1663]" captionStart="Figs 1–24" captionStartId="4.[190,242,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,561,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-106@4.[193,1394,561,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1–24. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov., Lake Petén- Itzá (Guatemala); LM girdle view (1) and valve views (2–24). 4. Holotype (MNHN, slide PC0608731). 7–8. Valve surface strongly tangentially undulated, forming an S shape. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298416/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) represents the
<typeStatus id="54F54596FFA37C49A7AD63D7FEB6AFEC" box="[233,336,1673,1699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
designated here.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B26F169FFA37C49A7AE6392FED6AE61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987080302" country="Germany" location="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1">
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A7AE6392FEA3AFA9" blockId="3.[188,1398,1740,1838]" box="[234,325,1740,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA37C49A7AE6392FEA3AFA9" bold="true" box="[234,325,1740,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Isotype</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A7F963AEFED6AE61" blockId="3.[188,1398,1740,1838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Slide ZU 11/30 and sediment R1284 deposited at the Friedrich Hustedt Diatom Center in Bremerhaven, Germany.</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A7F96209FEBBAE3F" blockId="3.[189,349,1878,1905]" box="[189,349,1878,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0B94C58FFA37C49A7F96209FEBBAE3F" bold="true" box="[189,349,1878,1905]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA37C49A7F96209FEBBAE3F" bold="true" box="[189,349,1878,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA37C49A7F962D8FC52AEA7" blockId="3.[189,1399,1924,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="3B26F169FFA37C49A7F962D8FC49AEA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2987080303" collectingDate="2006-02" collectionCode="GLAD, PET" country="Guatemala" elevation="28" latitude="16.26389" location="Lake Peten-Itza" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-89.25" municipality="Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCode="GLAD9, PET06-6B-10H1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Department of Peten">
<collectingCountry id="F359BBA4FFA37C49A7F962D8FE94AEEF" box="[189,370,1926,1952]" name="Guatemala" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">GUATEMALA</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="498A35D6FFA37C49A6CE62D8FD99AEEF" box="[394,639,1926,1952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Department of Petén</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8E91ADEFFFA37C49A5CE62D8FCA1AEEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E74A22FFA37C4DA576604AFABBADCA:8E91ADEFFFA37C49A5CE62D8FCA1AEEF" box="[650,839,1926,1952]" country="Guatemala" latitude="16.26389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-89.25" municipality="Department" name="Lake Peten-Itza" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Department of Peten">Lake Petén-Itzá</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A9DF3FFA37C49A41662DAFC02AEEF" box="[850,996,1924,1952]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="50" value="16.26389">16º15′50″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7A9DF3FFA37C49A4B462DAFB6EAEEF" box="[1008,1160,1924,1952]" degrees="89" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-89.25">89º15′00″ W</geoCoordinate>
; lacustrine sediment in core PI-06; sample
<specimenCode id="DBE8534FFFA37C49A68E62F4FDC9AE8B" box="[458,559,1962,1988]" collectionCode="GLAD" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">GLAD9</specimenCode>
-
<specimenCode id="DBE8534FFFA37C49A57362F4FD18AE8B" box="[567,766,1962,1988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">PET06-6B-10H1</specimenCode>
- 98–
<quantity id="4CB656D1FFA37C49A47862F4FC61AE8A" box="[828,903,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="99.0">99 cm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="4CB656D1FFA37C49A4DC62F4FC1BAE8A" box="[920,1021,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.783" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="27.83">
<elevation id="00631C07FFA37C49A4DC62F4FC1BAE8A" box="[920,1021,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.783" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="27.83">27.83 m</elevation>
</quantity>
below lake floor) consisting of light gray carbonated sediment; core collected in
<date id="FFF0DDF4FFA37C49A4446290FC49AEA7" box="[768,943,1998,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2006-02">
<collectingDate id="EFB4241CFFA37C49A4446290FC49AEA7" box="[768,943,1998,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2006-02">February 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354A8BFFFA47C4CA7F96456FCF3AC8A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA47C4EA7F96456FEA8A86D" blockId="4.[189,334,264,290]" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0B94C58FFA47C4EA7F96456FEA8A86D" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA47C4EA7F96456FEA8A86D" bold="true" box="[189,334,264,290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA47C4EA7AE6469FDB3A81E" blockId="4.[189,1399,311,514]" box="[234,597,311,337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA47C4EA7AE6469FE23A81E" bold="true" box="[234,453,311,337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Light microscopy</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA47C4EA6916469FDAAA81E" box="[469,588,311,337]" captionStart="Figs 1–24" captionStartId="4.[190,242,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,561,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-106@4.[193,1394,561,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1–24. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov., Lake Petén- Itzá (Guatemala); LM girdle view (1) and valve views (2–24). 4. Holotype (MNHN, slide PC0608731). 7–8. Valve surface strongly tangentially undulated, forming an S shape. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298416/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1–24</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA47C4CA7F96405FD9FA824" blockId="4.[189,1399,311,514]" lastBlockId="6.[188,1398,265,364]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
In girdle view, cells quadrangular, displaying strongly undulated valve faces (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA47C4EA32C6404FB56A83B" box="[1128,1200,346,372]" captionStart="Figs 1–24" captionStartId="4.[190,242,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,561,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-106@4.[193,1394,561,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1–24. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov., Lake Petén- Itzá (Guatemala); LM girdle view (1) and valve views (2–24). 4. Holotype (MNHN, slide PC0608731). 7–8. Valve surface strongly tangentially undulated, forming an S shape. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298416/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). In valve view, frustules circular,
<quantity id="4CB656D1FFA47C4EA6D26420FDE5A8D7" box="[406,515,382,408]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="7.0">7–22 µm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA47C4EA5E26423FCC2A8D7" box="[678,804,381,408]" captionStart="Figs 1–24" captionStartId="4.[190,242,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,561,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-106@4.[193,1394,561,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1–24. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov., Lake Petén- Itzá (Guatemala); LM girdle view (1) and valve views (2–24). 4. Holotype (MNHN, slide PC0608731). 7–8. Valve surface strongly tangentially undulated, forming an S shape. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298416/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2–24</figureCitation>
). Marginal area (outer ¼ of valve) concentrically undulated and consisting of an external ring of small bright ʻchambersʼ transforming into strong radiating costae – 10 to 12 striae in
<quantity id="4CB656D1FFA47C4EA6A2649AFDD2A891" box="[486,564,452,478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
. The central ¾ of valve surface strongly tangentially undulated, forming an S shape in large specimens (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA47C4EA57764B9FD46AB4E" box="[563,672,487,513]" captionStart="Figs 1–24" captionStartId="4.[190,242,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[193,1392,561,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-106@4.[193,1394,561,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1–24. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov., Lake Petén- Itzá (Guatemala); LM girdle view (1) and valve views (2–24). 4. Holotype (MNHN, slide PC0608731). 7–8. Valve surface strongly tangentially undulated, forming an S shape. Scale bar = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298416/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
). The central area with radial anastomosing striae of unequal length, some extending deep in the central zone to a central bright punctum. Marginal and central areas not distinctively structured. In small specimens, strong transversal undulation is attenuated and radiating striae are converging to a central ring.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF31ABBCFFA47C4EA7FA62D6FB0CAEA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4298416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298416/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[190,242,1928,1954]" targetBox="[193,1392,561,1884]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA47C4EA7FA62D6FB0CAEA6" blockId="4.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA47C4EA7FA62D6FEDEAEED" bold="true" box="[190,312,1928,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1–24.</emphasis>
Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA47C4EA45262D6FBC8AEED" authority="Pailles" authorityName="Pailles" authorityYear="2020" box="[790,1070,1928,1954]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA47C4EA45262D6FC3DAEED" box="[790,987,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cyclocostis rolfii</emphasis>
Paillès
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2099A5DFFA47C4EA37062D6FB07AEED" box="[1076,1249,1928,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Lake PeténItzá (Guatemala); LM girdle view (1) and valve views (2–24).
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA47C4EA4DD62F5FC4EAE8A" bold="true" box="[921,936,1963,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4</emphasis>
. Holotype (MNHN, slide PC0608731).
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA47C4EA7F96290FF0FAEA7" bold="true" box="[189,233,1998,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7–8</emphasis>
. Valve surface strongly tangentially undulated, forming an S shape. Scale bar = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF31ABBCFFA57C4FA7F9635AFC84AEA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" targetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA57C4FA7F9635AFC84AEA6" blockId="5.[189,1399,1540,2025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA7F9635AFEADAF50" bold="true" box="[189,331,1540,1567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 25–32.</emphasis>
Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA57C4FA402635BFB81AF50" authority="Pailles" authorityName="Pailles" authorityYear="2020" box="[838,1127,1541,1567]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA402635BFBE9AF50" box="[838,1039,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cyclocostis rolfii</emphasis>
Paillès
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2099A5DFFA57C4FA335635BFACAAF50" box="[1137,1324,1541,1567]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; SEM external valve views.
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA6976376FE16AF0D" bold="true" box="[467,496,1576,1602]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">25</emphasis>
. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern.
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA63F6330FE71AFC7" bold="true" box="[379,407,1646,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">26</emphasis>
. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead).
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA4DF63CFFC5EAFE4" bold="true" box="[923,952,1681,1707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">27</emphasis>
. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads).
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA39263EBFB15AF80" bold="true" box="[1238,1267,1717,1743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">28</emphasis>
. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow).
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA7FA6240FF3DAE77" bold="true" box="[190,219,1822,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">29</emphasis>
. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing.
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA554621FFDCBAE14" bold="true" box="[528,557,1857,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30</emphasis>
. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness.
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA376623BFBA9AE30" bold="true" box="[1074,1103,1893,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">31</emphasis>
. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum.
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA3B062D6FAF7AEED" bold="true" box="[1268,1297,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">32</emphasis>
. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA50F6290FDBAAEA7" bold="true" box="[587,604,1998,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">=</emphasis>
2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA57C4FA4706290FCB7AEA7" bold="true" box="[820,849,1998,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">27</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA67C4CA7AE64CDFD18A8E1" blockId="6.[188,1401,403,936]" box="[234,766,403,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA7AE64CDFD86A8E2" bold="true" box="[234,608,403,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Scanning electron microscopy</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA53464CDFD2EA8E1" box="[624,712,403,430]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 25</figureCitation>
–40)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA67C4CA7F964E6FD53AAE7" blockId="6.[188,1401,403,936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Valves strongly undulated externally (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA53064E6FD1AA89D" box="[628,764,439,466]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 25–26</figureCitation>
). Cingulum present, consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA6FA6482FDAAA8B9" box="[446,588,476,502]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 27–28</figureCitation>
). Valve surface is irregular with sprinkled granules and prominent embossed ribs. The marginal striated area is circumferentially undulated with numerous granules; the mantle is gently sloping (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA6A6677AFDD1AB71" box="[482,567,548,574]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Striae consisting of 3–4 rows of finely aligned areolae alternating with reduced hyaline interstriae bearing near the valve margin big rounded openings corresponding to the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA5926732FC84ABC9" box="[726,866,620,646]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 27–28</figureCitation>
). The central area displays a steep tangential undulation (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA60967CEFE43ABE4" box="[333,421,656,683]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). If the junction between the valve face and the mantle is steeply marked vertically both on the elevated and depressed sides (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA5F167EBFCE8AB80" box="[693,782,693,719]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
), horizontally, from the elevated to depressed parts, the incline is smooth and gradual. On the internal side of the marginal area, striae become single rows of large rounded to oblong areolae that progressively become smaller and arranged to some extent into a stellate pattern (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA6D0667FFE0BAA74" box="[404,493,801,827]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). Where ribs are fusing, external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae. Broken specimen displays a simple valve structure: a basal siliceous layer composed of anastomosing ribs starting from a central hollow and continuing to the valve rim where intercostal spaces are covered by a finely perforated silica layer (
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA51466D3FD4EAAE7" box="[592,680,909,936]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA67C4CA7F9668EFCA3AC1B" blockId="6.[188,1399,976,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Internally, there is no central lamina inside the valve (Fig. 33). Costae are strongly silicified and elevated, extending from the valve rim to the valve center and fusing into a thick silicified hollow (Figs 34–35). The alveolar structure could be classified as complex as the alveolus bears in its middle a recessed / sunken costa that carries the marginal fultoportula (mfp) (Fig. 36). As such, mfp are located on every second striae and are composed of one tube and three satellite pores (Figs 37–38). The ring of mfp and rm stands just beneath marginal lamina. One single rimoportula (rm) positioned on a recessed costa consisting of a short tube with a tangential slit that is always diametrally opposed to the raised side (Fig. 39). One single valve face fultoportula (vffp) – composed of one tube and three satellite pores – is always diametrically opposed to the rimoportula (Fig. 39). It appears eccentric since positioned on the raised part (Fig. 40). The external opening of the vffp is difficult to observe as it is positioned on the external slope of the raised central part (see in
<figureCitation id="1375E7B1FFA67C4CA5A56067FCDEAC1B" box="[737,824,1337,1364]" captionStart="Figs 25–32" captionStartId="5.[189,241,1540,1566]" captionTargetBox="[319,1270,265,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[317,1270,265,1501]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 25–32. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom Cyclocostis rolfii Paillès gen. et sp. nov.; SEM external valve views. 25. Valve view of concentrically undulated marginal area and tangentially undulated central area; punctuated striae become in the central area rows of larger areolae arranged in a stellate pattern. 26. Valve surface with scattered papillae; the external opening of the single valve face fultoportula is located on the raised part (white arrowhead). 27. Marginal area showing the external openings of marginal fultoportulae, collared but with no projections (white arrowheads). 28. Side view of marginal area showing striation, papillae, external openings of marginal fultoportulae (mfp – two white arrows), and the cingulum consisting of an open valvocopula and several copulae (white arrow). 29. Detail of the central area with large areolae; external areolae are bigger and occluded by volae in places where ribs are fusing. 30. Broken valve view showing the different striation between the margins and the center, the steep transversal undulation and the valve thickness. 31. Marginal area with the external openings of marginal fultoportulae (white arrowheads), papillae, and the cingulum. 32. Broken valve view showing the simple structure of anastomosing ribs covered by a finely perforated silica layer. Scale bars: 25 = 5 µm; 26, 28–32 =2 µm; 27 = 1 µm (27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4298422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4298422/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA67C4CA7F96025FEABACD9" blockId="6.[189,333,1403,1430]" box="[189,333,1403,1430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0B94C58FFA67C4CA7F96025FEABACD9" bold="true" box="[189,333,1403,1430]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA7F96025FEABACD9" bold="true" box="[189,333,1403,1430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Time range</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA67C4CA7F960F5FCF3AC8A" blockId="6.[189,789,1451,1477]" box="[189,789,1451,1477]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23–28 ka, abruptly absent after, considered extinct.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354A8BFFFA67C4DA7F960B3FABBADCA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA67C4CA7F960B3FEC9AF48" blockId="6.[189,303,1517,1543]" box="[189,303,1517,1543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0B94C58FFA67C4CA7F960B3FEC9AF48" bold="true" box="[189,303,1517,1543]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA7F960B3FEC9AF48" bold="true" box="[189,303,1517,1543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA67C4DA7F96343FED5A809" blockId="6.[188,1399,1565,2025]" lastBlockId="7.[189,1399,265,326]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA7F96343FE6EAF78" box="[189,392,1565,1591]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA7F96343FE6EAF78" box="[189,392,1565,1591]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cyclocostis rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. belongs unequivocally to the family
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA3506343FE60AF13" authority="(Glezer &amp; Makarova 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Glezer &amp; Makarova" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="family">
Stephanodiscaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF86C5FFA67C4CA2406343FE9BAF13" author="Glezer Z. I. &amp; Makarova I. V." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="673 - 676" refId="ref10066" refString="Glezer Z. I. &amp; Makarova I. V. 1986. Nouveaux ordres et familles de Diatomees (Bacillariophyta). Botaniceskij zurnal 71 (5): 673 - 676." type="journal article" year="1986">Glezer &amp; Makarova 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In LM, it resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA5CA631FFEE9AFCF" authority="(Hust.) Houk &amp; Klee in Klee &amp; Houk (1996)" authorityName="Houk &amp; Klee in Klee &amp; Houk" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Hust." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Discostella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="woltereckii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA5CA631FFC7BAF14" box="[654,925,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Discostella woltereckii</emphasis>
(Hust.) Houk &amp; Klee in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF86C5FFA67C4CA397631FFEE9AFCF" author="Klee R. &amp; Houk V." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="19 - 27" refId="ref10674" refString="Klee R. &amp; Houk V. 1996. Morphology and ultrastructure of Cyclotella woltereckii Hustedt (Bacillariophyceae). Archiv fur Protistenkunde 147: 19 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0003 - 9365 (96) 80005 - 4" type="journal article" year="1996">Klee &amp; Houk (1996)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, SEM observations reveal a completely different structure in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA324633BFB5DAF30" box="[1120,1211,1637,1663]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA324633BFB5DAF30" box="[1120,1211,1637,1663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov., particularly in the position of mfp and rm on costae, ruling out its belonging to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA3A863D7FA89AFEC" box="[1260,1391,1673,1699]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Discostella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA3A863D7FA89AFEC" box="[1260,1391,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Discostella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. With alternating and unequal striation pattern on the valve face,
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA4F263F0FBF6AF88" box="[950,1040,1709,1736]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA4F263F0FBF6AF88" box="[950,1040,1709,1736]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. also resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA7FA638FFAFDAFA3" authority="Khursevich &amp; Kociolek in Kociolek &amp; Khursevich (2013) in LM. Even" authorityName="Khursevich &amp; Kociolek in Kociolek &amp; Khursevich" authorityYear="2013" box="[190,1307,1745,1772]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="stoermeri">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA7FA638FFE56AFA4" box="[190,432,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cyclotella stoermeri</emphasis>
Khursevich &amp; Kociolek in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF86C5FFA67C4CA446638FFB91AFA3" author="Kociolek J. P. &amp; Khursevich G. H." box="[770,1143,1745,1772]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="81 - 99" refId="ref10793" refString="Kociolek J. P. &amp; Khursevich G. H. 2013. Morphology of some lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new. Phytotaxa 127 (1): 81 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 127.1.11" type="journal article" year="2013">Kociolek &amp; Khursevich (2013)</bibRefCitation>
in LM. Even
</taxonomicName>
though they share the absence of a central area, unequal striation, reduced alveoli and position of mfp and rm on recessed costae,
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA69E6244FDDEAE7B" box="[474,568,1818,1844]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA69E6244FDDEAE7B" box="[474,568,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. differs by the absence of centripetal roofing (central lamina) and thus the alveoli have no distinct border at the valve center side. The unequal striation visible in LM in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA671623CFE74AE33" box="[309,402,1890,1916]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA671623CFE74AE33" box="[309,402,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. only corresponds to the way ribs are arranged internally: elevated, strongly silicified, anastomosing and joining in a central hollow. These thick radial ribs are the external characteristic features of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA53462F4FBFDAE8B" authority="Genkal &amp; Kuzmina" authorityName="Genkal &amp; Kuzmina" box="[624,1051,1962,1988]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Stephanocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA53462F4FCC6AE8B" box="[624,800,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Stephanocostis</emphasis>
Genkal &amp; Kuzmina
</taxonomicName>
represented by
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA3A562F5FDC6AEA6" authority="Genkal &amp; Kuzmina. However" authorityName="Genkal &amp; Kuzmina. However" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Stephanocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="chantaica">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA3A562F5FA91AE8B" box="[1249,1399,1962,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S. chantaica</emphasis>
Genkal &amp; Kuzmina. However
</taxonomicName>
, these structures are internal in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA67C4CA4D26291FC16AEA7" box="[918,1008,1998,2025]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA67C4CA4D26291FC16AEA7" box="[918,1008,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov., whereas they are external in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA6076457FE33A86C" box="[323,469,265,291]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Stephanocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="chantaica">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA6076457FE33A86C" box="[323,469,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. chantaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whose internal structure is flat with fine areolae forming ± radial rows of starlike criba.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA77C4DA7F96430FB80AB5A" blockId="7.[188,1399,366,533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The strongly tangentially undulated valve is a character shared by
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA4F96430FBD0A8C7" authorityName=", Hakansson" authorityYear="2002" box="[957,1078,366,392]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA4F96430FBD0A8C7" box="[957,1078,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cyclotella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA3286430FF11A8E4" authority="Round &amp; Hak." authorityName="Round &amp; Hak." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Pliocaenicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA3286430FAE2A8C7" box="[1132,1284,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pliocaenicus</emphasis>
Round &amp; Håk.
</taxonomicName>
, the latter genera being included into
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA5F364CFFCF9A8E4" box="[695,799,401,427]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Lindavia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA5F364CFFCF9A8E4" box="[695,799,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lindavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF86C5FFA77C4DA40F64CFFBD1A8E3" author="Nakov T. &amp; Guillory W. X. &amp; Julius M. L. &amp; Theriot E. C. &amp; Alverson A. J." box="[843,1079,401,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref11764" refString="Nakov T., Guillory W. X., Julius M. L., Theriot E. C. &amp; Alverson A. J. 2015. Towards a phylogenic classification of species belonging to the diatom genus Cyclotella (Baccilariophyceae): transfer of" type="book" year="2015">
Nakov
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA4E664CCFC3BA8E4" box="[930,989,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
. The position and structure of mfp are also a common character. But unlike in some
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA41564EAFC2CA881" authorityName=", Hakansson" authorityYear="2002" box="[849,970,436,462]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA41564EAFC2CA881" box="[849,970,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cyclotella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA4B464EAFB6EA881" box="[1008,1160,436,462]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Pliocaenicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA4B464EAFB6EA881" box="[1008,1160,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pliocaenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no domed criba are observed internally in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA6806489FDADA8BE" authority="As" authorityName="Paillès &amp; Sylvestre &amp; Tonetto &amp; Mazur &amp; Conrod" authorityYear="2020" box="[452,587,471,497]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA6806489FDADA8BE" box="[452,587,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cyclocostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2099A5DFFA77C4DA5176486FD59A8BE" box="[595,703,472,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
As the position of the rm within the ring of mfp in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA2586486FA90A8BE" box="[1308,1398,471,498]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA2586486FA90A8BE" box="[1308,1398,471,498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA6BB64A4FD71AB5B" box="[511,663,506,532]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Pliocaenicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA6BB64A4FD71AB5B" box="[511,663,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pliocaenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it rules out its belonging to this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA77C4DA7F96762FB1EAADC" blockId="7.[188,1400,572,915]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The alveoli of
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA63C6762FE3EAB19" box="[376,472,572,598]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA63C6762FE3EAB19" box="[376,472,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. could be classified as complex, because there is a median fultoportula born on a recessed costa. However, structurally they are simple since not partially occluded by central lamina and widely open towards the valve center. The structure of alveoli of
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA3A167DDFAA4ABD3" box="[1253,1346,642,669]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA3A167DDFAA4ABD3" box="[1253,1346,642,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. rather corresponds to some extent to the marginal chambers defined by Lange &amp; Syvertsen (1989) as “a marginal space characterized by an opening on the inside of the valve encompassing two or more alveolus openings that is limited by coarse interstriae”. These marginal chambers are present in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA7986651FBC8AA66" authority="(Cleve) Round in Theriot et al. (1987)" authorityName="Round in Theriot" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Cleve" box="[220,1070,783,810]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclostephanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="novaezeelandiae">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA7986651FD86AA66" box="[220,608,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cyclostephanos novaezeelandiae</emphasis>
(Cleve) Round in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF86C5FFA77C4DA4796651FBC8AA66" author="Theriot E. C. &amp; Hakansson H. &amp; Kociolek J. P. &amp; Round F. E. &amp; Stoermer E. F." box="[829,1070,783,809]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="345 - 347" refId="ref12657" refString="Theriot E. C., Hakansson H., Kociolek J. P., Round F. E. &amp; Stoermer E. F. 1987. Validation of the centric diatom genus name Cyclostephanos. British Phycological Journal 22: 345 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00071618700650411" type="journal article" year="1987">
Theriot
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA4D8664EFC31AA66" box="[924,983,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
(1987)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA3126651FE30AA03" authority="(Hust.) Round in Theriot et al. (1987)" authorityName="Round in Theriot" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Hust." class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclostephanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA3126651FB20AA66" box="[1110,1222,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. dubius</emphasis>
(Hust.) Round in
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF86C5FFA77C4DA79A666CFE30AA03" author="Theriot E. C. &amp; Hakansson H. &amp; Kociolek J. P. &amp; Round F. E. &amp; Stoermer E. F." box="[222,470,818,844]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="345 - 347" refId="ref12657" refString="Theriot E. C., Hakansson H., Kociolek J. P., Round F. E. &amp; Stoermer E. F. 1987. Validation of the centric diatom genus name Cyclostephanos. British Phycological Journal 22: 345 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00071618700650411" type="journal article" year="1987">
Theriot
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA67B666DFE9AAA03" box="[319,380,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
(1987)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA59F666CFC0AAA03" authority="Round" authorityName="Round" box="[731,1004,818,844]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclostephanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA59F666CFC73AA03" box="[731,917,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cyclostephanos</emphasis>
Round
</taxonomicName>
is largely heterogenous in terms of frustule morphology as it includes species with and without alveolar chambers. Except the marginal chambers,
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA6786627FE70AADC" box="[316,406,889,915]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA6786627FE70AADC" box="[316,406,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. shares no other characters with the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA3736627FB17AADC" box="[1079,1265,889,915]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclostephanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA3736627FB17AADC" box="[1079,1265,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cyclostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF1FB34FFA77C4DA7F966E4FABBADCA" blockId="7.[188,1399,954,1157]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The characteristics of the striae, composed of fine pori on the mantle and becoming uniseriate with large radially arranged areolae towards the center of the valve, as observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA36A6680FB6EAAB8" box="[1070,1160,989,1016]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA36A6680FB6EAAB8" box="[1070,1160,989,1016]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov., are shared with
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA615615EFDE7AD55" box="[337,513,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paleotertiarius</emphasis>
. Even though
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA5F6615FFCEAAD55" box="[690,780,1024,1051]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA5F6615FFCEAAD55" box="[690,780,1024,1051]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. and
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA344615EFB54AD55" box="[1024,1202,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paleotertiarius</emphasis>
share characters such as strong ribs and the structure and position of mfp, in
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA4F1617AFB81AD71" box="[949,1127,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paleotertiarius</emphasis>
, flat or concentrically undulated valves, internal domed criba and rimoportula located on the side of a costa inside the alveolus are morphological differences that exclude
<taxonomicName id="4C4E80B7FFA77C4DA5FC6135FCF4ADCB" box="[696,786,1130,1157]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclocostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="rolfii">
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA5FC6135FCF4ADCB" box="[696,786,1130,1157]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. rolfii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen et sp. nov. from belonging to
<emphasis id="B93A2726FFA77C4DA3E16134FAB1ADCB" box="[1189,1367,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paleotertiarius</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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