499 lines
70 KiB
XML
499 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="5F1139F036300AC06FBD3DCC5A9765BF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5447.1.9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11119366" ID-ZooBank="E4D78870-2A1F-44FA-927B-2332ADFE5F6D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1714985319729" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu." docDate="2024" docId="03CC7961FFC1FFD666B7FC348194FB92" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5447.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5447 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5447.1.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudochorthippus geminus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="FFF50119FFC0FFD36620FF9A8323FFEF" masterDocTitle="Clarification of taxonomic status of Pseudochorthippus geminus (Mistshenko, 1951) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) based on male calling song analysis" masterLastPageNumber="139" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1715018909120" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8506CAB52E77B19A9097391353368156">Clarification of taxonomic status of Pseudochorthippus geminus (Mistshenko, 1951) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) based on male calling song analysis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F4EB2355C58A196F92055485E8FBA690">Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F438A5AEFC62C61A2DA2267A8D935D76">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B5C2B6DC4C867D6C98EAFC3F148FFC41">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C37F9BFCFFC1FFD266B7FC34873DFC27" box="[151,1054,942,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC1FFD266B7FC34873DFC27" blockId="1.[151,1054,942,1035]" box="[151,1054,942,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<heading id="D0927F1BFFC1FFD266B7FC34873DFC27" bold="true" box="[151,1054,942,969]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9111465FFC1FFD266B7FC34873DFC27" bold="true" box="[151,1054,942,969]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC1FFD266B7FC3481C7FC27" authority="(Mistshenko, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[151,740,942,969]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
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<emphasis id="B9111465FFC1FFD266B7FC3482CCFC27" bold="true" box="[151,495,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Pseudochorthippus geminus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B586FFC1FFD267DDFC3481FFFC27" author="Mistshenko, L. L." box="[509,732,942,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" pagination="387 - 552" refId="ref3781" refString="Mistshenko, L. L. (1951) Subfamily Acridinae. In: Bey-Bienko, G. Ja. & Mistshenko, L. L., Locusts and grasshoppers of the USSR and adjacent countries. Vol. II. " Nauka " Publ., Moscow-Leningrad, pp. 387 - 552. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1951">Mistshenko, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, bona species et comb. n.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F9BFCFFC1FFD266B7FC48826FFC03" box="[151,332,978,1004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC1FFD266B7FC48826FFC03" blockId="1.[151,1054,942,1035]" box="[151,332,978,1004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC1FFD266B7FC48826FFC03" box="[151,332,978,1004]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2–17" captionStart-2="FIGURES 18–34" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,1273,1909]" captionTargetBox-1="[230,1357,185,1877]" captionTargetBox-2="[247,1340,183,1877]" captionTargetId-0="figure-381@1.[189,1398,1273,1909]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@3.[224,1363,179,1883]" captionTargetId-2="figure-31@4.[237,1350,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Map of collection sites of studied species of Pseudochorthippus." captionText-1="FIGURES 2–17. 2–9, 12–17―Pseudochorthippus geminus; 10–11―P. parallelus. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 18–34. Oscillograms of male songs of Pseudochorthippus geminus (18–29) and P. parallelus (30–34). 18, 20–21, 27―males from the environs ofAlatau, Kazakhstan, 19, 22–26, 28–29―males from the environs of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan, 30–31, 33―male from the Lepsy River, southeastern Kazakhstan, 32, 34―male from Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “20”, “22–24”, “27–29”, “31”, and “33–34” are given under the same numbers." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119368" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119374" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11119368/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11119374/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Figs 1–9, 12–29</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F9BFCFFC1FFD266B7FC6981F9FBE5" box="[151,730,1010,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC1FFD266B7FC6981F9FBE5" blockId="1.[151,1054,942,1035]" box="[151,730,1010,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB75EF59FFC1FFD266B7FC6981F9FBE5" box="[151,730,1010,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC4EE66FFC1FFD266B7FC6981F9FBE5" author="Mistshenko, L. L." box="[151,730,1010,1035]" page="538" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" year="1951">
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<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC1FFD266B7FC6981F9FBE5" ID-CoL="5YFMG" authority="Mistshenko, 1951: 538" authorityName="Mistshenko" authorityPageNumber="538" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,730,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Chorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="longicornis" subSpecies="geminus">
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<emphasis id="B9111465FFC1FFD266B7FC6982C9FBE5" box="[151,490,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Chorthippus longicornis geminus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B586FFC1FFD267D1FC6981F9FBE5" author="Mistshenko, L. L." box="[497,730,1010,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" pagination="387 - 552" refId="ref3781" refString="Mistshenko, L. L. (1951) Subfamily Acridinae. In: Bey-Bienko, G. Ja. & Mistshenko, L. L., Locusts and grasshoppers of the USSR and adjacent countries. Vol. II. " Nauka " Publ., Moscow-Leningrad, pp. 387 - 552. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1951">Mistshenko, 1951: 538</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37F9BFCFFC1FFD166B7FBA3827EFEAE" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC1FFD266B7FBA381E1FB50" blockId="1.[151,1436,1081,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B9111465FFC1FFD266B7FBA38259FBBC" bold="true" box="[151,378,1081,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Material examined</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC1FFD267AAFBA382EEFBBC" box="[394,461,1081,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1273,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-381@1.[189,1398,1273,1909]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of collection sites of studied species of Pseudochorthippus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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<materialsCitation id="3B0DC22AFFC1FFD267C6FBA0862DFB98" collectingDate="2022-07-03" collectingDateMax="2023-07-24" collectingDateMin="2022-07-03" country="Kyrgyzstan" county="Chu River" location="Alatau Town" municipality="Tokmak Town" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="13" stateProvince="Almaty Oblysy">
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<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC1FFD267C6FBA0817CFBBC" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[486,607,1082,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
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<emphasis id="B9111465FFC1FFD267C6FBA0817CFBBC" box="[486,607,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">P. geminus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: (1) northern
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<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC1FFD264DEFBA380A2FBBC" box="[766,897,1081,1107]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
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, bank of the
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<collectingCounty id="62BBB0FBFFC1FFD26235FBA387A9FBBC" box="[1045,1162,1081,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Chu River</collectingCounty>
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north of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE520DFFC1FFD262D3FBA386BBFBBC" box="[1267,1432,1081,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Tokmak Town</collectingMunicipality>
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, in the bog overgrown with
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<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC1FFD267E6FBC7812AFB98" box="[454,521,1117,1143]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9111465FFC1FFD267E6FBC7812AFB98" box="[454,521,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Carex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and grasses,
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<date id="FFDBEEB7FFC1FFD264BEFBC78014FB98" box="[670,823,1117,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2023-07-24">
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<collectingDate id="EF9F175FFFC1FFD264BEFBC78014FB98" box="[670,823,1117,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2023-07-24">24. VII. 2023</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC1FFD26562FBC7804DFB98" box="[834,878,1117,1143]" count="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC1FFD2655AFBC78087FB98" box="[890,932,1117,1143]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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, songs of
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<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC1FFD26236FBC78763FB98" box="[1046,1088,1117,1143]" count="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
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recorded at 30
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<superScript id="7C10653FFFC1FFD262C7FBC787CCFB84" attach="left" box="[1255,1263,1117,1131]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">o</superScript>
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C;
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B0DC22AFFC1FFD26334FBC7819DFB50" collectingDate="2022-07-03" collectingDateMax="2023-07-24" collectingDateMin="2022-07-03" country="Kyrgyzstan" county="Chu River" location="Alatau Town" municipality="Tokmak Town" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="13" stateProvince="Almaty Oblysy">
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(2) southern
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<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC1FFD266B7FB1B823EFB74" box="[151,285,1153,1179]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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, eastern border of
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<location id="8EBA9EACFFC1FFD267CCFB1B815CFB74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC7961FFC1FFD666B7FC348194FB92:8EBA9EACFFC1FFD267CCFB1B815CFB74" box="[492,639,1153,1179]" country="Kyrgyzstan" county="Chu River" municipality="Tokmak Town" name="Alatau Town" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" stateProvince="Almaty Oblysy">Alatau Town</location>
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, ca
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<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC1FFD2648BFB1B81D1FB74" box="[683,754,1153,1179]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
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east of the
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<collectingRegion id="49A10695FFC1FFD26553FB1B80E4FB74" box="[883,967,1153,1179]" country="Kazakhstan" name="Almaty Oblysy" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Almaty</collectingRegion>
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airport, grasses along the irrigation ditch,
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<date id="FFDBEEB7FFC1FFD266B7FB3F8200FB50" box="[151,291,1189,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2022-07-03">
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<collectingDate id="EF9F175FFFC1FFD266B7FB3F8200FB50" box="[151,291,1189,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" value="2022-07-03">3. VII. 2022</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC1FFD2670EFB3F8279FB50" box="[302,346,1189,1215]" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
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, songs of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC1FFD267EBFB3F82D6FB50" box="[459,501,1189,1215]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
recorded at 35
|
||
<superScript id="7C10653FFFC1FFD264BCFB3F8187FB5C" attach="left" box="[668,676,1189,1203]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">o</superScript>
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C
|
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</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1A98FFFFC1FFD266B7F8148084F849" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11119368" box="[151,935,1934,1958]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" startId="1.[151,250,1934,1958]" targetBox="[189,1398,1273,1909]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC1FFD266B7F8148084F849" blockId="1.[151,935,1934,1958]" box="[151,935,1934,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">
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<emphasis id="B9111465FFC1FFD266B7F8148230F849" bold="true" box="[151,275,1934,1958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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||
Map of collection sites of studied species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC1FFD264FDF8148082F849" authorityName="Defaut" authorityYear="2012" box="[733,929,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC1FFD264FDF8148082F849" box="[733,929,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="134">Pseudochorthippus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC2FFD166E7FF0D827EFEAE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
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<location id="8EBA9EACFFC2FFD166E7FF0D83FDFF5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC7961FFC1FFD666B7FC348194FB92:8EBA9EACFFC2FFD166E7FF0D83FDFF5E" box="[199,222,151,177]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Kolbay" municipality="Lepsy River" name="In" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">In</location>
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addition,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD16771FF0D82E0FF5E" box="[337,451,151,177]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD167CAFF0D815BFF5E" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[490,632,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD167CAFF0D815BFF5E" box="[490,632,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the following localities were studied as comparative material:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0DC22AFFC2FFD1635BFF0D876CFF16" collectingDate="2016-06-13" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
(1) southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD166DDFF2182A0FF3A" box="[253,387,187,213]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southeastern part of Syrdaryinskiy Karatau Mtn. Range,
|
||
<location id="8EBA9EACFFC2FFD165DEFF218779FF3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC7961FFC1FFD666B7FC348194FB92:8EBA9EACFFC2FFD165DEFF218779FF3A" box="[1022,1114,187,213]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Kolbay" municipality="Lepsy River" name="Sayasay" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Sayasay</location>
|
||
(=Sayasuu)
|
||
<location id="8EBA9EACFFC2FFD162C6FF21860DFF3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC7961FFC1FFD666B7FC348194FB92:8EBA9EACFFC2FFD162C6FF21860DFF3A" box="[1254,1326,187,213]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Kolbay" municipality="Lepsy River" name="Gorge" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Gorge</location>
|
||
, ca
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD16377FF2086BFFF3A" box="[1367,1436,186,213]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
west of
|
||
<location id="8EBA9EACFFC2FFD166CDFF45820DFF16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC7961FFC1FFD666B7FC348194FB92:8EBA9EACFFC2FFD166CDFF45820DFF16" box="[237,302,223,249]" country="Kazakhstan" county="Kolbay" municipality="Lepsy River" name="Taraz" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Taraz</location>
|
||
, meadow near the rivulet,
|
||
<date id="FFDBEEB7FFC2FFD16472FF4581C3FF16" box="[594,736,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" value="2016-06-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9F175FFFC2FFD16472FF4581C3FF16" box="[594,736,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" value="2016-06-13">13. VI. 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD164CAFF458036FF16" box="[746,789,223,249]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, songs recorded at 37–38
|
||
<superScript id="7C10653FFFC2FFD1620EFF458715FF02" attach="right" box="[1070,1078,223,237]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">o</superScript>
|
||
C
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0DC22AFFC2FFD1627AFF45827EFEAE" collectingDate="2022-06-21" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
(2) southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD16333FF4586BAFF16" box="[1299,1433,223,249]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, meadow on the bank of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE520DFFC2FFD167EBFE998177FEF2" box="[459,596,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Lepsy River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
ca
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD1645AFE9981E2FEF2" box="[634,705,259,285]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
northwest of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62BBB0FBFFC2FFD1657AFE99808FFEF2" box="[858,940,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kolbay</collectingCounty>
|
||
(=Kulbay) Village,
|
||
<date id="FFDBEEB7FFC2FFD162ACFE998638FEF2" box="[1164,1307,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" value="2022-06-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9F175FFFC2FFD162ACFE998638FEF2" box="[1164,1307,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" value="2022-06-21">21. VI. 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD16305FE998672FEF2" box="[1317,1361,259,285]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, songs recorded at 35
|
||
<superScript id="7C10653FFFC2FFD16717FEBD821CFEDA" attach="left" box="[311,319,295,309]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">o</superScript>
|
||
C.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F9BFCFFC2FFD666E7FED086BEFCB2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC2FFD166E7FED087CAFA96" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD166E7FED0827AFE8B" bold="true" box="[199,345,330,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Head somewhat shorter than pronotum; face oblique in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC2FFD162A7FED187D2FE8A" box="[1159,1265,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–17" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[224,1363,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–17. 2–9, 12–17―Pseudochorthippus geminus; 10–11―P. parallelus. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Figs 2–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal ridge slightly widened between antennae, its maximum width 2.4 times less than maximum width of vertex between eyes. Fastigium of vertex triangular, depression of vertex shallow, median carina indistinct or visible only due to lighter coloration. Foveolae with distinctly incurved outer margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC2FFD1656FFE2D8095FE3E" box="[847,950,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–17" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[224,1363,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–17. 2–9, 12–17―Pseudochorthippus geminus; 10–11―P. parallelus. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Figs 6–9</figureCitation>
|
||
) (with more or less straight outer margins in studied specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD16793FE418167FE1A" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[435,580,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD16793FE418167FE1A" box="[435,580,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD164AEFE418037FE1A" box="[654,788,475,501]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC2FFD16503FE418086FE1A" box="[803,933,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–17" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[224,1363,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–17. 2–9, 12–17―Pseudochorthippus geminus; 10–11―P. parallelus. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Figs 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes posteriorly expanding, 2.5–3.5 times as long as their maximum width in specimens from environs of Tokmak and 3.0–3.5 times as long as their maximum width in specimens from environs of Alatau (3.2–3.3 times as long as their maximum width in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD16696FDDD8260FD8E" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[182,323,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD16696FDDD8260FD8E" box="[182,323,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD167A8FDDD8133FD8E" box="[392,528,583,609]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Vertical diameter of eye 1.4 times greater than subocular furrow in female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC2FFD1634FFDDD8397FD6A" captionStart="FIGURES 2–17" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[224,1363,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–17. 2–9, 12–17―Pseudochorthippus geminus; 10–11―P. parallelus. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 1.8–2.3 times greater than subocular furrow in males (1.9 greater than subocular furrow in studied males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD16697FD158264FD46" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[183,327,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD16697FD158264FD46" box="[183,327,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD167AEFD158135FD46" box="[398,534,655,681]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Antennae filiform, 23-segmented, 11
|
||
<superScript id="7C10653FFFC2FFD165EBFD1480FBFD73" attach="none" box="[971,984,654,668]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">th</superScript>
|
||
–13
|
||
<superScript id="7C10653FFFC2FFD16222FD14872CFD73" attach="left" box="[1026,1039,654,668]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">th</superScript>
|
||
segments 1.2–2.0 times as long as their width in broadest aspect (studied males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD16494FD298061FD22" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[692,834,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD16494FD298061FD22" box="[692,834,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD165A7FD298729FD22" box="[903,1034,691,717]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
have same number and proportions of antennal segments). Visually, pronotum is crossed by main transverse furrow distinctly behind middle, but in fact, length ratio of prozona and metazona measured along middle line 1.0–1.1 (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD1622EFD61876DFCFA" box="[1038,1102,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="in" value="1.1">1.1 in</quantity>
|
||
studied males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD16330FD6186BEFCFA" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1296,1437,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD16330FD6186BEFCFA" box="[1296,1437,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD166F6FC85827DFCD6" box="[214,350,799,825]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Anterior margin of prozona rounded or almost straight; posterior margins of metazona almost straight, projecting backwards at an obtuse angle. Lateral carinae concave in prozona, slightly divergent or almost parallel in back part of metazona. Length of lateral lobes of pronotum measured along lateral carina exceeds their maximum width by 1.2–1.4 times. Mesosternal lobes are 1.5–1.8 times as wide as mesosternal interspace (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC2FFD1631CFC1186ADFC4A" box="[1340,1422,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–17" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[224,1363,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–17. 2–9, 12–17―Pseudochorthippus geminus; 10–11―P. parallelus. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), mesosternal interspace trapezoidal, its minimum width 1.0–1.2 of its length along midline, metasternal interspace distinctly longer than its width (proportions of meso- and metasternum in studied males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD162EAFC498678FC02" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1226,1371,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD162EAFC498678FC02" box="[1226,1371,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD166B7FC6D8239FBFE" box="[151,282,1015,1041]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
are the same). In males, tegmina not exceed hind knees, only sometimes almost reach bases of darkcolored distal parts of hind femora, with narrowly rounded apices; hind wings shortened, half as long as tegmina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC2FFD166BFFBA58225FBB6" box="[159,262,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–17" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[224,1363,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–17. 2–9, 12–17―Pseudochorthippus geminus; 10–11―P. parallelus. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In female, tegmina strongly shortened, do not reach middle of hind femora (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC2FFD16258FBA587C3FBB6" box="[1144,1248,1086,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–17" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[224,1363,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–17. 2–9, 12–17―Pseudochorthippus geminus; 10–11―P. parallelus. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length of hind femora in both sexes 4.8–5.0 times greater than their maximum width (5.0 times greater than their maximum width in studied males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD16750FB1D82DEFB4E" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[368,509,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD16750FB1D82DEFB4E" box="[368,509,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD16460FB1D81EBFB4E" box="[576,712,1159,1185]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Number of stridulatory pegs 102–106 (
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD162ABFB1D8629FB4E" box="[1163,1290,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7559000000000005" metricValueMax="2.8701999999999996" metricValueMin="2.6416000000000004" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="in" value="108.5" valueMax="113.0" valueMin="104.0">104–113 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD16330FB1D86BEFB4E" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1296,1437,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD16330FB1D86BEFB4E" box="[1296,1437,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from our material; according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B586FFC2FFD16429FB3181EAFB2A" author="Reynolds, W. J." box="[521,713,1195,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" pagination="283 - 303" refId="ref3993" refString="Reynolds, W. J. (1980) A re-examination of the characters separating Chorthippus montanus and C. parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Journal of Natural History, 14 (2), 283 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938000770231" type="journal article" year="1980">Reynolds (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, maximum number of pegs in European males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD1632DFB3186BEFB2A" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1293,1437,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD1632DFB3186BEFB2A" box="[1293,1437,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches 110). Length of stridulatory file averages 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD164D3FB55806AFB06" box="[755,841,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(same in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD16595FB558761FB06" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[949,1090,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD16595FB558761FB06" box="[949,1090,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD162A6FB55862DFB06" box="[1158,1294,1231,1257]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Hind tibiae with 13–14 outer and 12–14 inner dorsal spines (12–13 and 11–13, respectively, in studied males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD1632EFB6986BEFAE2" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1294,1437,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD1632EFB6986BEFAE2" box="[1294,1437,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD166F7FA8D827CFADE" box="[215,351,1303,1329]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Arolium reaches apices of claws, rather long and narrow, its length to maximum width ratio averages 1.5–1.9 (same in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD167E3FAA18172FABA" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[451,593,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD167E3FAA18172FABA" box="[451,593,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC2FFD164B6FAA1803DFABA" box="[662,798,1339,1365]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Tympanum wide, oval. Cerci conical, 2.0 times as long as their width at base. In shape of male genitalia indistinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD1659EFAC58768FA96" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[958,1099,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD1659EFAC58768FA96" box="[958,1099,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC2FFD16279FAC587FFFA96" box="[1113,1244,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–17" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[230,1357,185,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[224,1363,179,1883]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–17. 2–9, 12–17―Pseudochorthippus geminus; 10–11―P. parallelus. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Figs 14–17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC2FFD166E7FA1983F4F9E6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
Coloration same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC2FFD1679FFA198168FA72" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[447,587,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD1679FFA198168FA72" box="[447,587,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In dorsal view, body brown, usually, with variable dark pattern on head and pronotum, ventrally, greenish yellow. Hind femora brown with yellowish ventral and inner parts and dark brown or black knees. Hind tibiae brown, dorsal spines with black apices. In males, end of abdomen usually with reddish tinge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC2FFD166E7F98987F5F99A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC2FFD166E7F989825DF9C2" bold="true" box="[199,382,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="135">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Length of head in dorsal view:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD164D0F9898024F9C2" box="[752,775,1555,1581]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2.8–3.0 mm,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD1658EF98980E0F9C2" box="[942,963,1555,1581]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD165F2F989870EF9C2" box="[978,1069,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of pronotum (prozona + metazona):
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD1673BF9AD8211F9BE" box="[283,306,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD16750F9AD82E5F9BE" box="[368,454,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(1.5–1.9 + 1.5–1.8),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD16494F9AD81EAF9BE" box="[692,713,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 4.5 (2.3 + 2.2) mm; length of tegmina:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD162B0F9AD8784F9BE" box="[1168,1191,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD16294F9AD8669F9BE" box="[1204,1354,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.899999999999999" metricValueMax="11.6" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="9.899999999999999" valueMax="11.6" valueMin="8.2">8.2–11.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD16376F9AD8648F9BE" box="[1366,1387,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD16359F9AC83E5F99A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of hind wings:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD167E7F9C182FDF99A" box="[455,478,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD167CAF9C08157F99A" box="[490,628,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="5.55" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="5.3">5.3–5.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; length of hind femora:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD165A2F9C180BAF99A" box="[898,921,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD16585F9C1871FF99A" box="[933,1084,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="9.85" valueMax="10.6" valueMin="9.1">9.1–10.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6303FEFFC2FFD16267F9C1877FF99A" box="[1095,1116,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D6592FFC2FFD1624AF9C087F2F99A" box="[1130,1233,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="135" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1A98FFFFC3FFD066B7F8EE818CF816" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11119372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119372/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" startId="3.[151,264,1908,1932]" targetBox="[230,1357,185,1877]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC3FFD066B7F8EE818CF816" blockId="3.[151,1436,1908,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC3FFD066B7F8EE826AF862" bold="true" box="[151,329,1908,1933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">FIGURES 2–17.</emphasis>
|
||
2–9, 12–17―
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC3FFD067FDF8EF81DFF863" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[477,764,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC3FFD067FDF8EF81DFF863" box="[477,764,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">Pseudochorthippus geminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 10–11―
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC3FFD06543F8EC80C6F862" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[867,997,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC3FFD06543F8EC80C6F862" box="[867,997,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="136">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 2―male, dorsal habitus, 3―same, lateral habitus, 4―female, dorsal habitus, 5―same, lateral habitus, 6–11―male, a part of head with left foveola, 12―female, head, lateral view, 13―male, sternal plate, ventral view, 14―male, end of abdomen, lateral view, 15―male genitalia, dorsal view, 16―same, lateral view, 17―epiphallus, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1A98FFFFC4FFD766B7F8EE863DF816" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11119374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119374/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" startId="4.[151,264,1908,1932]" targetBox="[247,1340,183,1877]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC4FFD766B7F8EE863DF816" blockId="4.[151,1436,1908,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC4FFD766B7F8EE8276F862" bold="true" box="[151,341,1908,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">FIGURES 18–34.</emphasis>
|
||
Oscillograms of male songs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC4FFD764BEF8EF809EF863" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[670,957,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC4FFD764BEF8EF809EF863" box="[670,957,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Pseudochorthippus geminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(18–29) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC4FFD76269F8EC87E9F862" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[1097,1226,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC4FFD76269F8EC87E9F862" box="[1097,1226,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(30–34). 18, 20–21, 27―males from the environs of Alatau, Kazakhstan, 19, 22–26, 28–29―males from the environs of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan, 30–31, 33―male from the Lepsy River, southeastern Kazakhstan, 32, 34―male from Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “20”, “22–24”, “27–29”, “31”, and “33–34” are given under the same numbers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC5FFD666E7FF0C804BFDF6" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD666E7FF0C822AFF5F" bold="true" box="[199,265,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Song.</emphasis>
|
||
Usually, the calling song of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD66466FF0D819DFF5F" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[582,702,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD66466FF0D819DFF5F" box="[582,702,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. geminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an echeme-sequence consisting of 3–5 echemes following each other with a period of 2–4 s (occasionally, up to 5–10 s;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC5FFD66522FF2180A0FF3A" box="[770,899,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–34" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[247,1340,183,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[237,1350,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 18–34. Oscillograms of male songs of Pseudochorthippus geminus (18–29) and P. parallelus (30–34). 18, 20–21, 27―males from the environs ofAlatau, Kazakhstan, 19, 22–26, 28–29―males from the environs of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan, 30–31, 33―male from the Lepsy River, southeastern Kazakhstan, 32, 34―male from Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “20”, “22–24”, “27–29”, “31”, and “33–34” are given under the same numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119374/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Figs 18–19</figureCitation>
|
||
). In both localities studied, the density of insects was very high and the distance between singing males averaged 0.5–1.0 m. For this reason, echemes of different males alternated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC5FFD6677DFE998125FEF2" box="[349,518,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–34" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[247,1340,183,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[237,1350,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 18–34. Oscillograms of male songs of Pseudochorthippus geminus (18–29) and P. parallelus (30–34). 18, 20–21, 27―males from the environs ofAlatau, Kazakhstan, 19, 22–26, 28–29―males from the environs of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan, 30–31, 33―male from the Lepsy River, southeastern Kazakhstan, 32, 34―male from Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “20”, “22–24”, “27–29”, “31”, and “33–34” are given under the same numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119374/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Figs 19, 21, 26</figureCitation>
|
||
) and quite often the male produced only one or two echemes, apparently, reacting in this way to the song of another male singing nearby. Number of syllables per echeme varies from 3–4 up to 6–7; echeme duration is 0.23–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE51AEB0FFC5FFD6678FFED182D1FE8A" box="[431,498,331,357]" degrees="0.60" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" precision="555" value="-0.6">0.60 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC5FFD66421FED181A7FE8A" box="[513,644,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–34" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[247,1340,183,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[237,1350,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 18–34. Oscillograms of male songs of Pseudochorthippus geminus (18–29) and P. parallelus (30–34). 18, 20–21, 27―males from the environs ofAlatau, Kazakhstan, 19, 22–26, 28–29―males from the environs of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan, 30–31, 33―male from the Lepsy River, southeastern Kazakhstan, 32, 34―male from Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “20”, “22–24”, “27–29”, “31”, and “33–34” are given under the same numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119374/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Figs 20–29</figureCitation>
|
||
). Syllable repetition period is 70–118 ms in males from the environs of Tokmak,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD66721FEF582A1FE66" box="[257,386,367,393]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and 52–106 ms in males from the environs of Alatau,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD665C9FEF5874CFE66" box="[1001,1135,367,393]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
; most probably, this is due to difference in temperature during recording (30 and 35
|
||
<superScript id="7C10653FFFC5FFD66500FE09800BFE4E" attach="left" box="[800,808,403,417]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">o</superScript>
|
||
C, respectively), since in all insects, the repetition rate of signal elements increases with temperature. Number and duration of gaps and, as a consequence, the shape of syllables vary greatly even in males from the same locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC5FFD6651DFE418735FE1A" box="[829,1046,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–34" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[247,1340,183,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[237,1350,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 18–34. Oscillograms of male songs of Pseudochorthippus geminus (18–29) and P. parallelus (30–34). 18, 20–21, 27―males from the environs ofAlatau, Kazakhstan, 19, 22–26, 28–29―males from the environs of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan, 30–31, 33―male from the Lepsy River, southeastern Kazakhstan, 32, 34―male from Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “20”, “22–24”, “27–29”, “31”, and “33–34” are given under the same numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119374/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Figs 22–25, 28–29</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sometimes, syllables merge with each other and boundaries between them are indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC5FFD66527FE658078FDF6" box="[775,859,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–34" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[247,1340,183,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[237,1350,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 18–34. Oscillograms of male songs of Pseudochorthippus geminus (18–29) and P. parallelus (30–34). 18, 20–21, 27―males from the environs ofAlatau, Kazakhstan, 19, 22–26, 28–29―males from the environs of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan, 30–31, 33―male from the Lepsy River, southeastern Kazakhstan, 32, 34―male from Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “20”, “22–24”, “27–29”, “31”, and “33–34” are given under the same numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119374/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC5FFD666E7FDB986BEFCB2" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">
|
||
Temporal pattern of songs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD6643EFDB9818EFDD2" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[542,685,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD6643EFDB9818EFDD2" box="[542,685,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD66540FDB980C0FDD2" box="[864,995,547,573]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is the same as in males from Western Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B586FFC5FFD666DAFDDD8292FD8E" author="Reynolds, W. J." box="[250,433,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" pagination="283 - 303" refId="ref3993" refString="Reynolds, W. J. (1980) A re-examination of the characters separating Chorthippus montanus and C. parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Journal of Natural History, 14 (2), 283 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938000770231" type="journal article" year="1980">Reynolds, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B586FFC5FFD6679FFDDD81C5FD8E" author="Ragge, D. R. & Reynolds, W. J." box="[447,742,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" refId="ref4106" refString="Ragge, D. R. & Reynolds, W. J. (1998) The songs of the grasshoppers and crickets of Western Europe. Harley Books in association with the Natural History Museum, London, 591 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004632189" type="book" year="1998">Ragge & Reynolds, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), European
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD66551FDDD809FFD8E" box="[881,956,583,609]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Tishechkin & Bukhvalova, 2010), semi-deserts of the Lower Volga Region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B586FFC5FFD66404FDF18068FD6A" author="Savitsky, V. Yu. & Lekarev, A. Yu." box="[548,843,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref4158" refString="Savitsky, V. Yu. & Lekarev, A. Yu. (2007) New data on acoustic communication and sexual behaviour of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from semi-deserts and deserts of Russia and adjacent countries. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (1), 1 - 38. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2007">Savitsky & Lekarev, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A10695FFC5FFD665ABFDF180E0FD6A" box="[907,963,619,645]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Altai</collectingRegion>
|
||
Mts., Western Siberia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B586FFC5FFD662E6FDF186B2FD6A" author="Benediktov, A. A." box="[1222,1425,618,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" pagination="118 - 130" refId="ref3416" refString="Benediktov, A. A. (2005) Fauna and acoustic signals of the genus Chorthippus Fieb. (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Southern Siberia. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society, 76, 118 - 130. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2005">Benediktov, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The song is a very long echeme-sequence lasting sometimes for a minute or more (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC5FFD6620AFD15875DFD46" box="[1066,1150,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–34" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[247,1340,183,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[237,1350,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 18–34. Oscillograms of male songs of Pseudochorthippus geminus (18–29) and P. parallelus (30–34). 18, 20–21, 27―males from the environs ofAlatau, Kazakhstan, 19, 22–26, 28–29―males from the environs of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan, 30–31, 33―male from the Lepsy River, southeastern Kazakhstan, 32, 34―male from Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “20”, “22–24”, “27–29”, “31”, and “33–34” are given under the same numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119374/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of syllables per echeme in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD6671CFD2982E9FD22" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[316,458,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD6671CFD2982E9FD22" box="[316,458,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much higher than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD664F4FD29806EFD23" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[724,845,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD664F4FD29806EFD23" box="[724,845,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. geminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and usually averages 10–15; the temporal pattern of syllables is also completely different (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135ED4F2FFC5FFD6641AFD4D819FFD1E" box="[570,700,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–34" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[247,1340,183,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-31@4.[237,1350,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 18–34. Oscillograms of male songs of Pseudochorthippus geminus (18–29) and P. parallelus (30–34). 18, 20–21, 27―males from the environs ofAlatau, Kazakhstan, 19, 22–26, 28–29―males from the environs of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan, 30–31, 33―male from the Lepsy River, southeastern Kazakhstan, 32, 34―male from Karatau, southern Kazakhstan. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as “20”, “22–24”, “27–29”, “31”, and “33–34” are given under the same numbers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11119374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11119374/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Figs 31–34</figureCitation>
|
||
). In males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD6656FFD4D80F8FD1E" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[847,987,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD6656FFD4D80F8FD1E" box="[847,987,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD6623DFD4D8780FD1E" box="[1053,1187,727,753]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the syllable repetition period averages 87–109 ms at 35–38
|
||
<superScript id="7C10653FFFC5FFD6640DFD618116FCE6" attach="left" box="[557,565,763,777]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">o</superScript>
|
||
C; in the songs of the male from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A10695FFC5FFD665BFFD618742FCFA" box="[927,1121,763,789]" country="Russia" name="Astrakhan'" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Astrakhan Oblast</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD662A4FD6187ECFCFA" box="[1156,1231,763,789]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
recorded at 37–39
|
||
<superScript id="7C10653FFFC5FFD666B7FC8583BCFCC2" attach="left" box="[151,159,799,813]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">o</superScript>
|
||
C it occupies almost the same range, 95–145 ms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B586FFC5FFD664F3FC8580DCFCD6" author="Savitsky, V. Yu. & Lekarev, A. Yu." box="[723,1023,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref4158" refString="Savitsky, V. Yu. & Lekarev, A. Yu. (2007) New data on acoustic communication and sexual behaviour of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from semi-deserts and deserts of Russia and adjacent countries. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (1), 1 - 38. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2007">Savitsky & Lekarev, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, in this parameter, songs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD663A8FC85822AFCB2" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD663A8FC85822AFCB2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD6671FFCD9829BFCB3" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[319,440,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD6671FFCD9829BFCB3" box="[319,440,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. geminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar, but in other characters they have almost nothing in common with each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F9BFCFFC5FFD666E7FCFC86BAFC4A" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC5FFD666E7FCFC86BAFC4A" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD666E7FCFC8216FC6F" bold="true" box="[199,309,870,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Habitats.</emphasis>
|
||
In arid regions of Central Asia both species were found near natural or artificial watercourses. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD6672BFC1182A0FC4B" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[267,387,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD6672BFC1182A0FC4B" box="[267,387,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. geminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, apparently, prefers wetland habitats, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD665B0FC11873DFC4A" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[912,1054,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallelus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD665B0FC11873DFC4A" box="[912,1054,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. parallelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits meadows with drier soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F9BFCFFC5FFD666E7FC348194FB92" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDAC877FFC5FFD666E7FC348194FB92" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD666E7FC348242FC27" bold="true" box="[199,353,942,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
In the list of Caelifera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD6644DFC3581C9FC26" box="[621,746,943,969]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD66538FC3580BDFC26" box="[792,926,943,969]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD66589FC358702FC27" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[937,1057,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD66589FC358702FC27" box="[937,1057,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. geminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD662CAFC35864EFC26" box="[1258,1389,943,969]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD666B7FC498239FC02" box="[151,282,979,1005]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but without specifying the collection sites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B586FFC5FFD66527FC4987A0FC02" author="Childebaev, M. K. & Storozhenko, S. Yu." box="[775,1155,979,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" pagination="15 - 60" refId="ref3511" refString="Childebaev, M. K. & Storozhenko, S. Yu. (2001) An annotated list of brachycerous orthopterous insects (Orthoptera: Caelifera) occurring in Kazakhstan. Tethys Entomological Research, 3, 15 - 60." type="journal article" year="2001">Childebaev & Storozhenko, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Judging by the fact that all collection points of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3F4FFC5FFD667BAFC6D8130FBFF" baseAuthorityName="Mistshenko" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[410,531,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pseudochorthippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9111465FFC5FFD667BAFC6D8130FBFF" box="[410,531,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">P. geminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DE76D5FFC5FFD66495FC6D81C6FBFE" box="[693,741,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality are located on the northern or northwestern border of Tien Shan Mts., this species is, apparently, widespread in the foothill plain of Tien Shan in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD6633AFB8186BEFBDA" box="[1306,1437,1051,1077]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37288E7FFC5FFD6670FFBA58290FBB6" box="[303,435,1087,1113]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="138">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. During ten years of our research in Central Asia we have never found it in meadows or wetlands along the river banks in the mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |