330 lines
38 KiB
XML
330 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="F4B183EDE536A8B09F8123FEB6230EDE" ID-CLB-Dataset="271665" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.619.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="46922d11-efd1-452b-b8c3-d6cecd05cdad" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426067" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1696939718193" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, Gideon F." docDate="2023" docId="03B587E2FF90B73E35EA268FFEA5121F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.619.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 619 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.619.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Kalanchoe toelkenii Gideon F. Sm. Its 2023, nothospec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="245" masterDocId="FF8CFF9AFF94B73A3562266AFFFF1A17" masterDocTitle="In search of enhanced material: Kalanchoe × toelkenii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new South African nothospecies derived from Kalanchoe × gunniae × K. sexangularis" masterLastPageNumber="249" masterPageNumber="241" pageNumber="245" updateTime="1696940398779" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="B263E65B379C6CD737E5678DBDEBAACD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B7BE6172558568303D45506B9D788107">
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<mods:title id="F8097A8CA0BD45D79E8C1E8B55D2B795">In search of enhanced material: Kalanchoe × toelkenii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new South African nothospecies derived from Kalanchoe × gunniae × K. sexangularis</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3F8165D041C8D51F8C0428BED80E619D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="026EB3F785C27DAE0DDD0A447065721B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4DFEF45335B09B92713F62005D945BE4">Smith, Gideon F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4F83006448AFFC3F9D4AEC8DB809C9A6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AF9548D9E2D45F4CA4466CD988032759">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="296AF8EC18C563634F9FD941A4905B2D">
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<mods:date id="E9C6CA791A992D715E2777FFB5878682">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FCEED361FCEA20DB0D3AFC25CBF823FD">2023-10-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A32E1D62BFA0B18DEF98B48FB2F02481" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A905B46FBBBEF8732A1DAE0532710E68">619</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="11FC623E0071D0B6AFCC5037544E5C4C" type="issue">
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<mods:url id="9A449D72FA5C409502C86AD853D00B3E">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.619.3.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4775A059D1FD034F37FD2AB77F7EDB0D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5EAA7B0E93B22D7CC697E4AB1579EC12" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.619.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B587E2FF90B73E35EA268FFEA5121F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587E2FF90B73E35EA268FFEA5121F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587E2FF90B73E35EA268FFEA5121F" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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<subSubSection id="C306657FFF90B73E35EA268FFC8F1B17" box="[136,880,229,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA336F4FF90B73E35EA268FFC8F1B17" blockId="4.[136,880,229,256]" box="[136,880,229,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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<heading id="D0EB8198FF90B73E35EA268FFC8F1B17" box="[136,880,229,256]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E35EA268FFDDE1B17" authority="Gideon F.Sm." authorityName="Gideon F. Sm. Its" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,545,229,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii" status="nothospec. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35EA268FFE801B17" bold="true" box="[136,383,229,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35EA268FFEFB1B17" bold="true" box="[136,260,229,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Kalanchoe</emphasis>
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×
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E3479268FFE801B17" bold="true" box="[283,383,229,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">toelkenii</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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Gideon F.Sm.
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E3745268FFD261B17" bold="true" box="[551,729,229,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B579DFF90B73E3745268FFD261B17" box="[551,729,229,256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rank="species">nothospec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13272A71FF90B73E378B268CFC9C1B17" box="[745,867,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[262,1326,201,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[251,1337,190,1841]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe ×toelkenii. A. Stems are vertically ridged, which assists with retaining plants in an erect position. B. Plants are shrub-like branched, especially higher up, rather than unbranched. C. When compared to K. ×gunniae, all plant parts are more intensely red-infused. D. The inflorescence branches diverge at an angle of about 45–60° from the vertical, as in K. sexangularis. E. Flowers are borne erectly and densely towards the apex of the inflorescence branches. F. Hellmut Richard Toelken (Windhoek, Namibia, 1 September 1939–), after whom K. ×toelkenii is named. All photographs: Gideon F. Smith, except ‘F’, which was supplied by H.R. Toelken." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426073/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2A–E</figureCitation>
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).
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C306657FFF90B73E35EA275BFA8A1B99" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA336F4FF90B73E35EA275BFF041B7D" blockId="4.[136,1452,305,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35EA275BFF451B51" bold="true" box="[136,186,305,326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Type</emphasis>
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:—
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<materialsCitation id="3B743CA9FF90B73E35B4275BFB381B50" box="[214,1223,305,327]" collectingDate="2022-06-28" collectionCode="CA, G, F" country="South Africa" location="Tshwane" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gauteng">
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<collectingCountry id="F30B7664FF90B73E35B4275BFE741B51" box="[214,395,305,326]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="49D8F816FF90B73E34F5275BFDB61B50" box="[407,585,305,327]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Gauteng Province</collectingRegion>
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.—2528 (Pretoria): ex hort.
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<location id="8EC3602FFF90B73E363F275BFC4B1B50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587E2FF90B73E35EA268FFEA5121F:8EC3602FFF90B73E363F275BFC4B1B50" box="[861,948,305,327]" country="South Africa" name="Tshwane" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" stateProvince="Gauteng">Tshwane</location>
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, (–
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<collectionCode id="ED0DAE31FF90B73E36B7275BFC061B51" box="[981,1017,305,326]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
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),
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<date id="FFA21034FF90B73E316F275BFB6B1B51" box="[1037,1172,305,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" value="2022-06-28">
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<collectingDate id="EFE6E9DCFF90B73E316F275BFB6B1B51" box="[1037,1172,305,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" value="2022-06-28">28 June 2022</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E31C32758FB381B50" box="[1185,1223,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE31FF90B73E31C32758FB4C1B50" box="[1185,1203,306,327]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED0DAE31FF90B73E31D42758FB381B50" box="[1206,1223,306,327]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
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</emphasis>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E31A52758FB341B50" box="[1223,1227,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B743CA9FF90B73E31B1275BFF081B7D" collectionCode="PRU" country="South Africa" location="Smith" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gauteng Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E31B1275BFABF1B51" box="[1235,1344,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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||
<location id="8EC3602FFF90B73E31B1275BFAF51B51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587E2FF90B73E35EA268FFEA5121F:8EC3602FFF90B73E31B1275BFAF51B51" box="[1235,1290,305,326]" country="South Africa" name="Smith" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" stateProvince="Gauteng Province">Smith</location>
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1189
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</emphasis>
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, (
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<typeStatus id="54A78856FF90B73E3034275BFA531B50" box="[1366,1452,305,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED0DAE31FF90B73E35DF273FFF0F1B7D" box="[189,240,341,362]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14594" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14594" name="University of Pretoria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="Herbarium">PRU</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA336F4FF90B73E35EA2713FA8A1B99" blockId="4.[136,1452,305,399]" box="[136,1397,377,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35EA2713FF0F1B99" bold="true" box="[136,240,377,398]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Parentage</emphasis>
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:—
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E346C2713FD621B98" authority="Smith & Figueiredo" authorityName="Smith & Figueiredo" box="[270,669,377,399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gunniae">
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E346C2713FE891B99" box="[270,374,377,398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Kalanchoe</emphasis>
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×
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E34E82710FE281B98" box="[394,471,378,399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">gunniae</emphasis>
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Smith & Figueiredo
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B05FF90B73E37DE2713FC511B99" author="Smith, G. F. & Figueiredo, E. & Loureiro, J. & Crouch, N. R." box="[700,942,377,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" pagination="141 - 150" refId="ref5815" refString="Smith, G. F., Figueiredo, E., Loureiro, J. & Crouch, N. R. (2019 b) Kalanchoe × gunniae Gideon F. Sm & Figueiredo (Crassulaceae), a new South African nothospecies derived from Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. × Kalanchoe sexangularis N. E. Br. Bradleya 37: 141 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.25223 / brad. n 37.2019. a 9" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Smith
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E37992710FCDA1B99" box="[763,805,377,399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">et al</emphasis>
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. (2019b: 147)
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</bibRefCitation>
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×
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E36A52713FA8F1B99" authority="Brown (1913: 120)" authorityName="Brown" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="1913" box="[967,1392,377,399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexangularis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E36A52713FB4F1B99" box="[967,1200,377,398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Kalanchoe sexangularis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B05FF90B73E31D42710FA8F1B99" author="Brown, N. E." box="[1206,1392,377,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" pagination="120 - 121" refId="ref3477" refString="Brown, N. E. (1913) 1436. Kalanchoe sexangularis. In: XVII - Diagnoses Africanae LIII. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1913 (3): 120 - 121. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 43726 # page / 125 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1913">Brown (1913: 120)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C306657FFF90B73E35EA27D7FBE118C3" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336F4FF90B73E35EA27D7FBE118C3" blockId="4.[136,1452,445,2056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35EA27D7FF041BC0" bold="true" box="[136,251,445,471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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:—A robust, biennial to multi-annual, ultimately monocarpic, rarely a polycarpic perennial, nothospecies that is intermediate between its parents,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E372E2788FCC81BEB" box="[588,823,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gunniae">
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E372E2788FD3A1BEB" box="[588,709,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Kalanchoe</emphasis>
|
||
×
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E37BF2789FCC81BEB" box="[733,823,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">gunniae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E360C2789FBE11BEB" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1913" box="[878,1054,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexangularis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E360C2789FBE11BEB" box="[878,1054,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">K. sexangularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E314F2788FAE21BEB" authorityName="Gideon F. Sm. Its" authorityYear="2023" box="[1069,1309,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E314F2788FB591BEB" box="[1069,1190,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Kalanchoe</emphasis>
|
||
×
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E31DF2788FAE21BEB" box="[1213,1309,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">toelkenii</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E35EA246DFEEE1837" box="[136,273,518,544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gunniae">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35EA246DFF641837" box="[136,155,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">K</emphasis>
|
||
. ×
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35D5246DFEEE1837" box="[183,273,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">gunniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
by being much more branched, especially higher up; and by having slightly smaller leaves that, along with the stems and branches, have a much more intense red infusion. The inflorescence structure of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E31CE2441FAC21853" authorityName="Gideon F. Sm. Its" authorityYear="2023" box="[1196,1341,554,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E31CE2441FB401853" box="[1196,1215,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">K</emphasis>
|
||
. ×
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E31BF2440FAC21853" box="[1245,1341,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">toelkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E35972425FE7F187F" box="[245,384,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gunniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35972425FEF7187F" box="[245,264,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">K</emphasis>
|
||
. ×
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E34442425FE7F187F" box="[294,384,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">gunniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but its spread is much wider than that of the latter, a character inherited from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E31962425FA5B187F" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1913" box="[1268,1444,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E31962425FA5B187F" box="[1268,1444,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">K. sexangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E35EA2418FE83189B" authorityName="Gideon F. Sm. Its" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,380,626,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35EA2418FEFE189B" box="[136,257,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Kalanchoe</emphasis>
|
||
×
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E347E2418FE83189B" box="[284,380,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">toelkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E377E2419FD2F189B" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1913" box="[540,720,626,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sexangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E377E2419FD2F189B" box="[540,720,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">K. sexangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by being in all vegetative characters more robust; by the red-infusion of the leaves, stem, and branches being less pronounced; by the corollas that only reach a length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E303424FCFA5818A7" box="[1366,1447,662,688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
, not
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E35D124D0FEFA18C3" box="[179,261,698,724]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
; and by ultimately being monocarpic or, rarely, a polycarpic perennial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306657FFF90B73E35DF24B7FEA5121F" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336F4FF90B73E35DF24B7FDAD1C23" blockId="4.[136,1452,445,2056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35DF24B7FEB818E0" bold="true" box="[189,327,733,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Description</emphasis>
|
||
:—Biennial to multi-annual, ultimately monocarpic, rarely polycarpic perennial, few- to manyleaved, branched, glabrous, robust succulent, to 2.0 m tall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E36562568FC95190B" box="[820,874,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Stem</emphasis>
|
||
single, light green to yellowish green with strong red infusion, erect to leaning, longitudinally ridged often prominently so, arising from a brittle, corky base.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E3020254CFA531957" box="[1346,1452,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Branches</emphasis>
|
||
produced lower down, but especially higher up.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E37C92521FD061973" box="[683,761,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
opposite-decussate, petiolate, light green to yellowish green, distinctly infused with red, especially when under environmental stress, succulent, spreading to recurved, coriaceous and papery on drying;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E34EA25F8FE2B19BB" box="[392,468,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">petiole</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E34BE25F8FDB719BB" box="[476,584,914,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="5.0">5–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, channelled above, leaves not clasping the stem;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E31CC25F8FB1319BB" box="[1198,1260,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">blade</emphasis>
|
||
40–100 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E300725F8FF4919C7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="20.0">20–60 mm</quantity>
|
||
, broadly elliptic to obovate to oblong, somewhat to distinctly folded lengthwise, recurved in upper half;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E301425DDFA5419C7" box="[1398,1451,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">apex</emphasis>
|
||
rounded-obtuse;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E342725B0FE8719E3" box="[325,376,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">base</emphasis>
|
||
narrowly triangular to cuneate;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E37BD25B1FCC519E3" box="[735,826,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">margins</emphasis>
|
||
coarsely crenate or undulate-crenate into rounded, nonpungent, crenations.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E341A2594FDF11E0F" box="[376,526,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
a broadly spreading, flat-topped thyrse with several dichasia,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E31842594FA891E0F" box="[1254,1398,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="1.125" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1.50 m</quantity>
|
||
tall, erect to leaning, apically dense, many-flowered, round to somewhat ellipsoid in outline when viewed from above, branches opposite, slanted away from main axis at 45–60°, subtended by leaf-like bracts, without, or more rarely with, leafy branchlets in axils; peduncle light green to yellowish green to strongly red-infused;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E31DD2200FAE41E93" box="[1215,1307,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">pedicels</emphasis>
|
||
slender,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E30E32200FF4B1EBF" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E359D22E4FEA41EBF" box="[255,347,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Flowers</emphasis>
|
||
erect;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E34CE22E4FE181EBF" box="[428,487,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">calyx</emphasis>
|
||
consisting of 4 sepals, uniformly shiny light green, not strongly infused with small red spots;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E346322D8FEB81EDB" box="[257,327,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">sepals</emphasis>
|
||
basally fused for ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E375322D8FD891EDB" box="[561,630,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 2.5–3.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E379522D8FCC31EDB" box="[759,828,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, triangular-lanceolate, acute-tipped, hardly contrasting against corolla tube;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E341222BCFE3F1EE7" box="[368,448,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">corolla</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E34A422BCFDD01EE7" box="[454,559,1238,1264]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, distinctly enlarged lower down, not twisted apically after anthesis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E303922BCFF471F03" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">corolla tube</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E35DD2290FED51F03" box="[191,298,1274,1300]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, greenish yellow, distinctly 4-angled, box-shaped-square when viewed from below, longitudinally distinctly fluted above;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E34F22374FDDD1F2F" box="[400,546,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">corolla lobes</emphasis>
|
||
2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E372F2374FD6F1F2F" box="[589,656,1310,1336]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ± round, rounded at apex, apiculate, yellow, sometimes faintly browntipped.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35B92328FEC71F4B" box="[219,312,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Stamens</emphasis>
|
||
inserted well above middle of corolla tube, included;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E36EE2328FC0C1F4B" box="[908,1011,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">filaments</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E369B2328FBAA1F4B" box="[1017,1109,1346,1372]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, thin, light green;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E30352328FA541F4B" box="[1367,1451,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">anthers</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E35EA230CFEEE1F97" box="[136,273,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, greenish yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E377C230CFDA61F97" box="[542,601,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Pistil</emphasis>
|
||
consisting of 4 carpels;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E3617230CFC381F97" box="[885,967,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">carpels</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E36B2230CFBD01F97" box="[976,1071,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, light green;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E3067230CFABC1F97" box="[1285,1347,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">styles</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E302F230CFA531F97" box="[1357,1452,1382,1408]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35AF23E1FEDC1FB3" box="[205,291,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">stigmas</emphasis>
|
||
very slightly capitate, whitish yellow;
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E378C23E0FCCD1FB3" box="[750,818,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">scales</emphasis>
|
||
± 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E36E523E0FC201FB3" box="[903,991,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, linear, uniformly light yellowish.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35EA23C4FF151FDF" box="[136,234,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Follicles</emphasis>
|
||
basally box lantern-shaped, margins reddish infused, brittle, grass spikelet-like when dry, initially light green to dull whitish green, enveloped in light brownish white dry remains of corolla, later drying light to dark brown,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B11FF90B73E301123B8FF4B1C07" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E359E239CFEC31C07" box="[252,316,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
0.5–1.0 mm long, reddish brown to dark brown, cylindrical to club-shaped to slightly banana-shape curved.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35802070FE2B1C23" box="[226,468,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Chromosome number</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336F4FF90B73E35DF2057FCA41C6B" blockId="4.[136,1452,445,2056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35DF2057FE8D1C40" bold="true" box="[189,370,1597,1623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Flowering time</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E34F42054FD7A1C4F" authorityName="Gideon F. Sm. Its" authorityYear="2023" box="[406,645,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E34F42054FDF01C4F" box="[406,527,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Kalanchoe</emphasis>
|
||
×
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E37472054FD7A1C4F" box="[549,645,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">toelkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flowers from late-April to September, i.e., from late-autumn to spring in the southern hemisphere, peaking from mid- to late-June to July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336F4FF90B73E35DF20ECFEA5121F" blockId="4.[136,1452,445,2056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E35DF20ECFECF1CB7" bold="true" box="[189,304,1670,1696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Eponymy</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E343620ECFDBB1CB7" authorityName="Gideon F. Sm. Its" authorityYear="2023" box="[340,580,1670,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" isHybrid="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E343620ECFE321CB7" box="[340,461,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Kalanchoe</emphasis>
|
||
×
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E348620ECFDBB1CB7" box="[484,580,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">toelkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is named for Dr Hellmut Richard Toelken (Windhoek,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7664FF90B73E31D220ECFAEC1CB7" box="[1200,1299,1670,1696]" name="Namibia" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA21034FF90B73E307D20ECFF401CD3" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" value="1939-09-01">1 September 1939</date>
|
||
–) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A71FF90B73E359320C0FEB91CD3" box="[241,326,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[262,1326,201,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[251,1337,190,1841]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe ×toelkenii. A. Stems are vertically ridged, which assists with retaining plants in an erect position. B. Plants are shrub-like branched, especially higher up, rather than unbranched. C. When compared to K. ×gunniae, all plant parts are more intensely red-infused. D. The inflorescence branches diverge at an angle of about 45–60° from the vertical, as in K. sexangularis. E. Flowers are borne erectly and densely towards the apex of the inflorescence branches. F. Hellmut Richard Toelken (Windhoek, Namibia, 1 September 1939–), after whom K. ×toelkenii is named. All photographs: Gideon F. Smith, except ‘F’, which was supplied by H.R. Toelken." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426073/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
) who authored the account of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E37AD20C0FC9B1CD3" box="[719,868,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Crassulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E316120C0FB831CD3" authorityName="Adanson" authorityYear="1763" box="[1027,1148,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Kalanchoe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E316120C0FB831CD3" box="[1027,1148,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Kalanchoe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for the
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E318220C0FF311CFF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Flora of Southern Africa</emphasis>
|
||
project (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B05FF90B73E344C20A4FE3E1CFE" author="Tolken, H. R." box="[302,449,1742,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" refId="ref6541" refString="Tolken, H. R. (1985) Crassulaceae. In: Leistner, O. A. (Ed.) Flora of Southern Africa 14. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, place of publication not stated, likely Pretoria, 244 pp." type="book" year="1985">Tölken 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hellmut completed a B.Sc. degree at Stellenbosch University, and thereafter successively obtained B.Sc. (Hons), M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Cape Town. For his Ph.D. dissertation he studied the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E343A217CFE421D27" box="[344,445,1814,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Crassula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E343A217CFE421D27" box="[344,445,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Crassula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southern Africa, the results of which were published in two parts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B05FF90B73E31BC217CFA7F1D27" author="Tolken, H. R." box="[1246,1408,1814,1840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" pagination="1 - 331" refId="ref6467" refString="Tolken, H. R. (1977 a) A revision of the genus Crassula in southern Africa. Part 1. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium 8 (1): 1 - 331." type="journal article" year="1977">Tölken 1977a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b). From 1963 until 1967 Toelken was employed by the Botanical Research Institute (BRI), after which he lectured at the University of Cape Town until 1973. From
|
||
<date id="FFA21034FF90B73E37182134FCCD1D6F" box="[634,818,1886,1912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" value="1973-09">September 1973</date>
|
||
until 1979 he was again attached to the BRI, including completing a stint as South Africa’s Botanical Liaison Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from
|
||
<date id="FFA21034FF90B73E305521E8FA541D8B" box="[1335,1451,1922,1948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" value="1974-06">June 1974</date>
|
||
until
|
||
<date id="FFA21034FF90B73E35A721CCFEC61DD7" box="[197,313,1958,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" value="1976-07">July 1976</date>
|
||
. In 1979 Toelken emigrated to Adelaide,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7664FF90B73E367921CCFC7D1DD7" box="[795,898,1958,1984]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B05FF90B73E36F621CCFB441DD6" author="Gunn, M. & Codd, L. E." box="[916,1211,1958,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" refId="ref3763" refString="Gunn, M. [D.] & Codd, L. E. [W.]. (1981) Botanical exploration of southern Africa. An illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora. Biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times. A. A. Balkema, Cape Town, 400 pp." type="book" year="1981">Gunn & Codd 1981: 351</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where he inter alia studied the local
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D77FF90B73E342A21A0FE211DF3" box="[328,478,1994,2020]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Crassulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He also contributed to, and was co-editor of,
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E368721A0FACB1DF3" box="[997,1332,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
|
||
Flowering Plants in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7664FF90B73E31AE21A0FACB1DF3" box="[1228,1332,1994,2020]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAE6FF90B73E300E21A0FEAC121F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
|
||
Flora of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F816FF90B73E35C72184FEAC121F" box="[165,339,2030,2056]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |