195 lines
20 KiB
XML
195 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="F633E016DA71DADF8511B0627CE1359C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3664.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="998f53b0-f46c-4525-bc3a-f8a597c01979" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220335" ID-ZooBank="5306204C-0DBC-4EE1-A008-B1582FA80243" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460616100831" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Meland, Kenneth & Aas, Pål Øyvind" docDate="2013" docId="03B587CDFFAEFFA31FDFF88B38EFFD27" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03664p225.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3664 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gnathophausia gracilis Willemoes-Suhm 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="206" masterDocId="FF8CFFB5FFABFFA41F48FFDD3B64FF80" masterDocTitle="A taxonomical review of the Gnathophausia (Crustacea, Lophogastrida), with new records from the northern mid-Atlantic ridge" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="204" updateTime="1698330483512" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B93A1B8AAFC106F3648454EC50639736">
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<mods:title id="05CF42DE6CAECEB432D6DF65E28E252E">A taxonomical review of the Gnathophausia (Crustacea, Lophogastrida), with new records from the northern mid-Atlantic ridge</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3CC932DED742C4BB342289B500D67F6">Meland, Kenneth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7A5DFB13F7000E93483D1DFF20F7CFF2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BA142DDBDFE43C508A115588B48C3263">Aas, Pål Øyvind</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7C6FC4678A805A4904BEF06EA33C9E71">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0770E845A2FE77C2972DCB99FE4557D9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="026C77BB8D7956C1E305E49DC7CBD89E">
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<mods:date id="FBC5DD7D70BC137FDA836408D8C65F18">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0C2109E2E0C998D852E14CD5124B47AD">3664</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B587CDFFAEFFA31FDFF88B38EFFD27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507190" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119568724" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507190" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587CDFFAEFFA31FDFF88B38EFFD27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587CDFFAEFFA31FDFF88B38EFFD27" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">
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<subSubSection id="C3066550FFAEFFA11FDFF88B3FC6F876" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFAEFFA11FDFF88B39BCF8F0" blockId="5.[151,728,1878,1937]" box="[151,728,1878,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">
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<heading id="D0EB81B7FFAEFFA11FDFF88B39BCF8F0" bold="true" box="[151,728,1878,1904]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFAEFFA11FDFF88B39BCF8F0" authority="Willemoes-Suhm, 1875" authorityName="Willemoes-Suhm" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,728,1878,1904]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFAEFFA11FDFF88B39BCF8F0" bold="true" box="[151,728,1878,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFAEFFA11FDFF88B3AD6F8F0" bold="true" box="[151,434,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Gnathophausia gracilis</emphasis>
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Willemoes-Suhm, 1875
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFAEFFA11FDFF8A43B8FF811" blockId="5.[151,728,1878,1937]" box="[151,235,1913,1937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13272A5EFFAEFFA11FD7F8A43B86F811" box="[159,226,1913,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1855,1878]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,750,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[141,1426,748,1825]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gnathophausia gracilis Willemoes-Suhm, 1875. Adult male: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, antenna (with scale and proximal part of flagellum); D, telson and uropod (dorsal view); E, apex of telson (from G. O. Sars 1885: pl. VII, figs. 6 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220338/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFAEFFA11FDFF81C3FC6F876" blockId="5.[151,1436,1985,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFAEFFA11FDFF81C39C2F857" authority="Willemoes-Suhm, 1875: 33" authorityName="Willemoes-Suhm" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,678,1985,2007]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFAEFFA11FDFF81C3AE3F857" box="[151,391,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Gnathophausia gracilis</emphasis>
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Willemoes-Suhm, 1875: 33
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</taxonomicName>
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–34, 37.—G.O. Sars 1885:48–50.—W.M. Tattersall 1939:223–224.—Fage 1941: 27–30.—O.S. Tattersall 1955: 39–40.—Casanova 1996a: 129.—Price
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFAEFFA11C98F83C3F67F876" box="[976,1027,2016,2038]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">et al.</emphasis>
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2009: 923–928
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066550FFADFFA21FDFFF453911FE89" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFADFFA21FDFFF453912FF6A" blockId="6.[151,1128,152,266]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFADFFA21FDFFF453AE2FF2E" box="[151,390,152,174]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFADFFA21FDFFF453AE2FF2E" box="[151,390,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Gnathophausia gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFADFFA21EF0FF453959FF2E" box="[440,573,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">brevispinis—</emphasis>
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Wood-Mason and Alcock 1891a: 187.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFADFFA21FDFFF6A3854FF4C" authority="Wood-Mason and Alcock, 1891b: 269" authorityName="Wood-Mason and Alcock" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,816,182,205]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispinis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFADFFA21FDFFF6A3AC3FF4D" box="[151,423,183,205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Gnathophausia brevispinis</emphasis>
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Wood-Mason and Alcock, 1891b: 269
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</taxonomicName>
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–270.—Faxon 1895: 216–218.
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFADFFA21FDFFF083AE0FF6B" box="[151,388,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFADFFA21FDFFF083A57FF6B" box="[151,307,213,235]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gnathophausia</taxonomicName>
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dentate
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</emphasis>
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Faxon, 1893: 217–218.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFADFFA21FDFFF293911FE89" blockId="6.[151,1128,152,266]" box="[151,629,243,266]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFADFFA21FDFFF293958FE89" authority="Illig, 1906: 229" authorityName="Illig" authorityPageNumber="229" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,572,243,266]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidentate">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFADFFA21FDFFF293AF3FE8A" box="[151,407,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Gnathophausia bidentate</emphasis>
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Illig, 1906: 229
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</taxonomicName>
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–230.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066550FFADFFA21FDFFEEB392DFD36" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFADFFA21FDFFEEB392DFD36" blockId="6.[151,1437,310,694]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFADFFA21FDFFEEB3A75FECF" bold="true" box="[151,273,310,335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body slender. Carapace small; rostrum tridentate, long and slender, equaling carapace in length, denticulate; posterodorsal spine short; distinct cervical sulcus; dorsal keel armed with anteriorly curved denticles along posterior end; lateral extensions of carapace produced into two unequal posterolateral spines on each side, upper spine being largest and equal in length to posterodorsal spine; upper lateral keels absent; lower lateral keels continuous, extending into upper posterolateral spines; antennal spines present; supra-orbital spines small; branchiostegal expansions large and acutely triangular. Eyes long and slender. Antennal scale slender, terminal lobe small, outer edge serrated at distal end, outer spine equal or longer than apex in length. Abdominal somites one and two equipped with conspicuous dorsal projections, pleura of somites one to six produced into two ventral spines. Telson linguiform, armed with spiniform setae, apex quadridentate, posterior margin takes on form of two spines, flanked by one small and one large conspicuous pair of spiniform setae on side. Obtains lengths up to
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<quantity id="4CE49B3EFFADFFA21A75FDA73EF8FD12" box="[1341,1436,634,658]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
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(G.O. Sars 1885; O.S. Tattersall 1955).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF636653FFADFFA21FDFF8E23BBDF812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220338/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" targetBox="[152,1421,750,1817]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFADFFA21FDFF8E23BBDF812" blockId="6.[151,1437,1855,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFADFFA21FDFF8E23A71F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,277,1855,1878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFADFFA21E56F8E2386AF8D5" authority="Willemoes-Suhm, 1875" authorityName="Willemoes-Suhm" authorityYear="1875" box="[286,782,1855,1877]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFADFFA21E56F8E23974F8D5" box="[286,528,1855,1877]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Gnathophausia gracilis</emphasis>
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Willemoes-Suhm, 1875
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</taxonomicName>
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. Adult male: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, antenna (with scale and proximal part of flagellum); D, telson and uropod (dorsal view); E, apex of telson (from G.O. Sars 1885: pl. VII, figs. 6–10).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3066550FFACFFA31F8FFF4A3BBBFE74" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFACFFA31F8FFF4A3BBBFE74" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31F8FFF4A3A04FF30" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFACFFA31E2FFF453AB8FF30" box="[359,476,152,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31E2FFF453AB8FF30" box="[359,476,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">G. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widely distributed in the tropical waters of the world. It has only on rare occasions been collected north of the tropic of cancer, and extends southward to 15°S (O.S. Tattersall 1955). From the Atlantic Ocean
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFACFFA31E07FF3D3AA3FF78" box="[335,455,224,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31E07FF3D3AA3FF78" box="[335,455,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">G. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is reported from the Canaries,
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<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31C75FF0238A7FF77" box="[829,963,223,247]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
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Islands and Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31BF6FF023E6BFF77" box="[1214,1295,223,247]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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in the east, through
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<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31FBCFED93A0CFE9C" box="[244,360,260,284]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">St. Helena</collectingCountry>
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in the mid-Atlantic, and extending to the West Indies, Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31B68FED93F1CFE9C" box="[1056,1144,260,284]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, northward to the south of
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<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31FDFFEFA3B9AFEBF" box="[151,254,295,319]" name="Bermuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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in the west (Illig 1930; Fage 1941; Price
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31DADFEF43844FEC0" box="[741,800,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
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2009; O.S. Tattersall 1955). From the Indian Ocean
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFACFFA31ACCFEF53B89FEE4" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31ACCFEF53B89FEE4" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">G. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded from the Cocos Islands, south of
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<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31C76FE9138F6FEE4" box="[830,914,332,356]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
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, Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, and north of
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<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31FDFFEB23A7AFE07" box="[151,286,367,391]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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(Fage 1941; Wood-Mason and Alcock 1891b). Pacific Ocean records are from the Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31A74FEAD3EFCFE07" box="[1340,1432,368,391]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, Galapagos Islands, mid Pacific, the
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<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31D0EFE4939A3FE2C" box="[582,711,404,428]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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, and East Indian Archipelago (Fage 1941; Hansen 1912).
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFACFFA31ACCFE483B89FE50" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31ACCFE483B89FE50" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">G. gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distributed at bathypelagic depths, most common at depths between
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<date id="FFA2101BFFACFFA31B56FE6A3FACFE4F" box="[1054,1224,439,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" value="1500" valueMax="2000">
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1500 and
|
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<quantity id="4CE49B3EFFACFFA31BD8FE6A3FACFE4F" box="[1168,1224,439,463]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000</quantity>
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</date>
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m (O.S. Tattersall 1955).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066550FFACFFA31F8FFDDD38EFFD27" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFACFFA31F8FFDDD3EE8FDDF" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31F8FFDDD3A5FFD98" bold="true" box="[199,315,512,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
First described by Willemoes-Suhm from the “Challenger” station 107 between Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B764BFFACFFA31A75FE223EE5FD97" box="[1341,1409,511,535]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B3EFFACFFA31E60FDF93AE2FDBC" box="[296,390,548,572]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7439999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" unit="m" value="2744.0">2744 m</quantity>
|
||
(Willemoes-Suhm 1875), and later fully described and figured by G.O. Sars (1885).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFACFFA31FDFFD953AA0FDE0" box="[151,452,584,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevispinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31FDFFD953AA0FDE0" box="[151,452,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Gnathophausia brevispinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31E9AFD953927FDE0" box="[466,579,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">G. dentate</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31DC9FD953860FDE0" box="[641,772,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">G. b i d e n t a t e</emphasis>
|
||
are considered subjective junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFACFFA31A59FD953EE1FDE0" box="[1297,1413,584,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31A59FD953EE1FDE0" box="[1297,1413,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">G. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336DBFFACFFA31F8FFDB038EFFD27" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFACFFA31F8FFDB03A25FD04" box="[199,321,620,644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31F8FFDB03A25FD04" box="[199,321,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">G. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily recognized from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D58FFACFFA31D80FDB13811FD04" box="[712,885,620,644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lophogastridae" genus="Gnathophausia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lophogastrida" pageId="7" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAC9FFACFFA31D80FDB13811FD04" box="[712,885,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="206">Gnathophausia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the conspicuous spines on anterior abdominal somites and the shape and armature of the telson’s apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |