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<document id="18B986D967E607DF165A231695635356" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5122.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6399540" ID-ZooBank="EC13A69D-D6FA-4926-AC59-648A5626C9B9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1648673390063" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chiquetto-Machado, Pedro I., Morales, Adriana C. &amp; Cancello, Eliana M." docDate="2022" docId="03B587AAFFF0FFEFFF2AFBF1FBDFF158" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5122.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5122 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5122.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.18:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="18" docTitle="Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FF8CFFD2FFD5FFC8FFBDFFBAFFF5F63A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (Phasmatodea, Pseudophasmatidae) based on phallic and external morphology" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1709046349639" updateUser="karina">
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<mods:title id="D04536D44CCDF5EC0CACB426420DDB07">Taxonomic revision of Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (Phasmatodea, Pseudophasmatidae) based on phallic and external morphology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="80E5B769AECD08FAB6F6DD2D82B4FA8B">Chiquetto-Machado, Pedro I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A791F60D30468C13BE779F06F3E5438B">Morales, Adriana C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0A73A733EB2FA2AA53DE2ABE1D61427">Cancello, Eliana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7215F8A2B62851FCE51EDD551A25EAEF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="25F8418245F044C34AE5A92488FC462D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B2954E2A7AFE6DFE887BE9447D481BA9">5122</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C3066537FFF0FFEDFF2AFBF1FD74F25C" box="[151,641,1099,1126]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF0FFEDFF2AFBF1FD74F25C" blockId="37.[151,641,1099,1162]" box="[151,641,1099,1126]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="D0EB81D0FFF0FFEDFF2AFBF1FD74F25C" bold="true" box="[151,641,1099,1126]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFF2AFBF1FD74F25C" ID-CoL="75QVB" authority="Redtenbacher, 1906" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,641,1099,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFF2AFBF1FD74F25C" bold="true" box="[151,641,1099,1126]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFF2AFBF1FE76F25C" bold="true" box="[151,387,1099,1126]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paraphasma minus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF0FFEDFE37FBF6FD74F25C" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[394,641,1100,1126]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref47604" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1906) I. Tribus Bacillini, II. Tribus Obrimini, III. Tribus Pygirhynchini, IV. Tribus Ascepasmini, V. Tribus Anisomorphini, VI. Tribus Phasmini, VII. Tribus Heteropterygini, VIII. Tribus Phyllini. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. &amp; Redtenbacher, J. (Eds.), 1906 - 1908, Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 18, tafel I - VI." type="book chapter" year="1906">Redtenbacher, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C3066537FFF0FFEDFF2AFBCAFE8EF2B0" box="[151,379,1136,1162]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF0FFEDFF2AFBCAFE8EF2B0" blockId="37.[151,641,1099,1162]" box="[151,379,1136,1162]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFF2AFBCAFEEDF2B0" box="[151,280,1136,1162]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 26" captionStart-1="FIGURE 27" captionStart-2="FIGURE 28" captionStart-3="FIGURE 29" captionStartId-0="38.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionStartId-1="39.[151,250,1361,1385]" captionStartId-2="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionStartId-3="41.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,461,1501]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1435,314,1335]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,182,1592]" captionTargetId-0="figure-173@38.[151,1435,453,1501]" captionTargetId-1="figure-97@39.[150,1437,309,1338]" captionTargetId-2="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetId-3="figure-22@41.[151,1435,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId-0="38" captionTargetPageId-1="39" captionTargetPageId-2="40" captionTargetPageId-3="41" captionText-0="FIGURE 26. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male, specimen MZUSP 0287. A–C. Habitus, dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views. D, E. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. Scale bars = 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 27. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male terminalia. A–D. Terminalia in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C) and oblique caudal (D) views. E. Drawing of the vomer. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; S8, sternite VIII; SPa, anterior region of the subgenital plate; SPp, posterior region of the subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X; TP, thorn pad. Arrows = expansion of the posterolateral margin of the subgenital plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." captionText-3="FIGURE 29. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, female, holotype (NHMW). A, B. Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral view. D. Labels. E–G. Terminalia, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; PO, praeopercular organ; SP, subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X. Scale bars = 10 mm, unless otherwise indicated." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399602" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399604" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399610" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6399602/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6399604/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6399610/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs 26–29</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C69E0307FFF0FFEDFE9FFBCAFE8DF2B0" box="[290,376,1136,1162]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="42.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 6. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, measurements (length in mm) of the holotype (HT) and non-type males." pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Table 6</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066537FFF0FFEDFF2AFB0EFB4FF2D1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0C1192FFF0FFEDFF2AFB0EFB4FF2D1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10ADFFF0FFEDFF2AFB0EFD99F2F6" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[151,620,1204,1228]" page="116" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1906">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFF2AFB0EFD99F2F6" ID-CoL="75QVB" authority="Redtenbacher, 1906: 116" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,620,1204,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFF2AFB0EFEAAF2F6" box="[151,351,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paraphasma minus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF0FFEDFEDAFB0EFD99F2F6" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[359,620,1204,1228]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref47604" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1906) I. Tribus Bacillini, II. Tribus Obrimini, III. Tribus Pygirhynchini, IV. Tribus Ascepasmini, V. Tribus Anisomorphini, VI. Tribus Phasmini, VII. Tribus Heteropterygini, VIII. Tribus Phyllini. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. &amp; Redtenbacher, J. (Eds.), 1906 - 1908, Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 18, tafel I - VI." type="book chapter" year="1906">Redtenbacher, 1906: 116</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10ADFFF0FFEDFDC4FB0EFCC5F2F7" author="Brock, P. D." box="[633,816,1204,1229]" page="43" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF0FFEDFDC4FB0EFCC5F2F7" author="Brock, P. D." box="[633,816,1204,1229]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="5 - 72" refId="ref43900" refString="Brock, P. D. (1998 a) Catalogue of type specimens of stick- and leaf-insects in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Insecta: Phasmida). In: Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Band 13. Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, pp. 5 - 72." type="book chapter" year="1998">Brock, 1998a: 43</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10ADFFF0FFEDFC83FB0FFBFEF2F6" author="Zompro, O." box="[830,1035,1204,1229]" page="159" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF0FFEDFC83FB0FFBFEF2F6" author="Zompro, O." box="[830,1035,1204,1229]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 327" refId="ref48943" refString="Zompro, O. (2004) Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, Neue Folge, 37, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="2004">Zompro, 2004: 159</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABD10ADFFF0FFEDFBA5FB0FFAD6F2F6" author="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D." box="[1048,1315,1204,1229]" page="252" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF0FFEDFBA5FB0FFAD6F2F6" author="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D." box="[1048,1315,1204,1229]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref47359" refString="Otte, D. &amp; Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of stick and leaf insects of the world. Insect Diversity Association, Philadelphia, 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte &amp; Brock, 2005: 252</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; ChiquettoMachado &amp; Cancello, 2021: 4, 26, figs 6, 25, 26.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFD03FB69FCDCF2D1" bold="true" box="[702,809,1235,1259]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFFF0FFEDFD03FB69FCD1F2D1" box="[702,804,1235,1259]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD35FFF0FFEDFC92FB6EFCB7F2D1" box="[815,834,1236,1259]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, Alto
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF0FFEDFCC2FB69FC1FF2D1" box="[895,1002,1235,1259]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
(NHMW) (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFBDFFB69FB5BF2D1" box="[1122,1198,1235,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-22@41.[151,1435,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 29. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, female, holotype (NHMW). A, B. Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral view. D. Labels. E–G. Terminalia, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; PO, praeopercular organ; SP, subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X. Scale bars = 10 mm, unless otherwise indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399610/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066537FFF0FFEDFF2AFAA3FEADF04D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF0FFEDFF2AFAA3FEADF04D" blockId="37.[151,1437,1305,2016]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFF2AFAA3FEE7F309" bold="true" box="[151,274,1305,1331]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFE2CFAA0FDC6F309" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[401,563,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersum">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFE2CFAA0FDC6F309" box="[401,563,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. conspersum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFDFFFAA0FD1DF309" authority="Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Morales &amp; Cancello, 2022" authorityName="Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Morales &amp; Cancello" authorityYear="2022" box="[578,744,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistinctum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFDFFFAA0FD1DF309" box="[578,744,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. indistinctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFD4DFAA3FCBEF309" bold="true" box="[752,843,1305,1331]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57D5FFF0FFEDFD4DFAA3FCBEF309" box="[752,843,1305,1331]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFCE4FAA0FC38F309" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[857,973,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laterale">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFCE4FAA0FC38F309" box="[857,973,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. laterale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFC66FAA0FB9FF309" authorityName=", Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[987,1130,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginale">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFC66FAA0FB9FF309" box="[987,1130,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. marginale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFB1FFAA0FAC6F309" authority="Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Morales &amp; Cancello, 2022" authorityName="Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Morales &amp; Cancello" authorityYear="2022" box="[1186,1331,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sooretama" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFB1FFAA0FAC6F309" box="[1186,1331,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. sooretama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFA86FAA3FA60F309" bold="true" box="[1339,1429,1305,1331]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57D5FFF0FFEDFA86FAA3FA60F309" box="[1339,1429,1305,1331]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, but clearly distinguishable by the phallic organ, with a “large type” sclerite of the ventral lobe (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFB6DFA87FAD6F36D" box="[1232,1315,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
, in green), which has a somewhat acuminate posterior margin (roughly triangular in dorsal view) and three blunt, undivided, well-developed protuberances (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFE45FA3FFDB8F3A5" box="[504,589,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
: ap, lp, rp). Although not exclusive of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFBBDFA3CFBAAF3A5" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[1024,1119,1414,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFBBDFA3CFBAAF3A5" box="[1024,1119,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">P. minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the following features may also be useful for the identification of this species: small body length [
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD35FFF0FFEDFC22FA10FC43F3FE" box="[927,950,1450,1476]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
&lt;
<quantity id="4CE49B59FFF0FFEDFC6CFA13FBD5F3FE" box="[977,1056,1449,1476]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
(n = 2);
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD35FFF0FFEDFBC3FA10FB66F3FE" box="[1150,1171,1450,1476]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
=
<quantity id="4CE49B59FFF0FFEDFB12FA13FAE7F3FE" box="[1199,1298,1449,1476]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.22" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="52.2">52.2 mm</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFFF0FFEDFAA2FA13FA7CF3FE" box="[1311,1417,1449,1476]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)], corresponding to the smallest species in the genus; tegmina with gently rounded margins (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFBC0FA77FAF5F3DD" box="[1149,1280,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,461,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-173@38.[151,1435,453,1501]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 26. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male, specimen MZUSP 0287. A–C. Habitus, dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views. D, E. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399602/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs 26D,E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFAB7FA77FAC8F3DD" box="[1290,1341,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-22@41.[151,1435,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 29. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, female, holotype (NHMW). A, B. Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral view. D. Labels. E–G. Terminalia, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; PO, praeopercular organ; SP, subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X. Scale bars = 10 mm, unless otherwise indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399610/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">29C</figureCitation>
); female lacking a distinctly raised anterodorsal carina on the profemur; male cerci with spatulate apex (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFB0AFA4BFAB7F031" box="[1207,1346,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,314,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-97@39.[150,1437,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male terminalia. A–D. Terminalia in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C) and oblique caudal (D) views. E. Drawing of the vomer. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; S8, sternite VIII; SPa, anterior region of the subgenital plate; SPp, posterior region of the subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X; TP, thorn pad. Arrows = expansion of the posterolateral margin of the subgenital plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399604/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 27A–D</figureCitation>
); vomer longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFED6F9AFFE21F015" box="[363,468,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,314,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-97@39.[150,1437,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male terminalia. A–D. Terminalia in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C) and oblique caudal (D) views. E. Drawing of the vomer. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; S8, sternite VIII; SPa, anterior region of the subgenital plate; SPp, posterior region of the subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X; TP, thorn pad. Arrows = expansion of the posterolateral margin of the subgenital plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399604/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
); male subgenital plate with posterolateral margins forming a pair of approximately triangular expansions with malleable aspect (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFD30F983FD14F069" box="[653,737,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,314,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-97@39.[150,1437,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male terminalia. A–D. Terminalia in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C) and oblique caudal (D) views. E. Drawing of the vomer. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; S8, sternite VIII; SPa, anterior region of the subgenital plate; SPp, posterior region of the subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X; TP, thorn pad. Arrows = expansion of the posterolateral margin of the subgenital plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399604/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
: arrows); female sternite VII with a rounded indentation on the posterior margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066537FFF0FFEEFF7AF93BFE50F0DF" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF0FFEEFF7AF93BFB9AF797" blockId="37.[151,1437,1305,2016]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1437,150,430]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFF7AF93BFD4DF0A1" bold="true" box="[199,696,1665,1691]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Redescription of male. Color (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFD9AF93BFD88F0A1" box="[551,637,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,461,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-173@38.[151,1435,453,1501]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 26. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male, specimen MZUSP 0287. A–C. Habitus, dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views. D, E. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399602/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFD34F93BFD5CF0A1" box="[649,681,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,314,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-97@39.[150,1437,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male terminalia. A–D. Terminalia in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C) and oblique caudal (D) views. E. Drawing of the vomer. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; S8, sternite VIII; SPa, anterior region of the subgenital plate; SPp, posterior region of the subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X; TP, thorn pad. Arrows = expansion of the posterolateral margin of the subgenital plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399604/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">27</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Body mostly brown, grayish or black, with a pair of pale yellowish or greenish lateral stripes extending along head, prothorax, mesothorax and costal region of tegmina and hindwings. Head dorsally black with pale yellow longitudinal stripes. Pro- and mesonotum with fairly dense pale yellow spots and dorsomedian line in the same yellow shade. Legs brown; darker in apical region of femora and tibiae. Tegmina and costal region of hindwings mostly brown or grayish, with pale yellow venation. Body ventrally brown.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFAE8F8ABFE33F175" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Head, thorax and legs (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFEDDF88FFE42F175" box="[352,439,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,461,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-173@38.[151,1435,453,1501]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 26. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male, specimen MZUSP 0287. A–C. Habitus, dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views. D, E. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399602/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
As in
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFDACF88FFCDBF175" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[529,814,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersum">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFDACF88FFCDBF175" box="[529,814,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paraphasma conspersum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFC80F88FFC0BF175" bold="true" box="[829,1022,1845,1871]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Wings (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFC25F88FFC1AF175" box="[920,1007,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,461,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-173@38.[151,1435,453,1501]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 26. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male, specimen MZUSP 0287. A–C. Habitus, dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views. D, E. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399602/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Tegmina short, not reaching median region of metanotum; in dorsal view about 2.5x longer than wide; posterior and apical margins gently rounded; shoulder pad varying from dull protuberance to sharp spine; anal region with conspicuous reticulate venation. Hindwing reaching abdominal tergite VII.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFD3CF81BFC20F181" bold="true" box="[641,981,1953,1979]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFCBAF81BFC62F181" box="[775,919,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,461,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-173@38.[151,1435,453,1501]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 26. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male, specimen MZUSP 0287. A–C. Habitus, dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views. D, E. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399602/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs 26A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFC1BF81BFC33F181" box="[934,966,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,314,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-97@39.[150,1437,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male terminalia. A–D. Terminalia in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C) and oblique caudal (D) views. E. Drawing of the vomer. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; S8, sternite VIII; SPa, anterior region of the subgenital plate; SPp, posterior region of the subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X; TP, thorn pad. Arrows = expansion of the posterolateral margin of the subgenital plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399604/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">27</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
As in
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF0FFEDFB98F81BFAB6F181" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[1061,1347,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersum">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF0FFEDFB98F81BFAB6F181" box="[1061,1347,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paraphasma conspersum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except for the following: apex of cerci with sinuous margin in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF0FFEDFC2CF87FFC02F1E5" box="[913,1015,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,314,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-97@39.[150,1437,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male terminalia. A–D. Terminalia in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C) and oblique caudal (D) views. E. Drawing of the vomer. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; S8, sternite VIII; SPa, anterior region of the subgenital plate; SPp, posterior region of the subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X; TP, thorn pad. Arrows = expansion of the posterolateral margin of the subgenital plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399604/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
); vomer gradually narrowing towards apical region (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFE80FF2DFE50F68B" box="[317,421,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1361,1385]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,314,1335]" captionTargetId="figure-97@39.[150,1437,309,1338]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 27. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, male terminalia. A–D. Terminalia in dorsal (A), lateral (B), ventral (C) and oblique caudal (D) views. E. Drawing of the vomer. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; S8, sternite VIII; SPa, anterior region of the subgenital plate; SPp, posterior region of the subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X; TP, thorn pad. Arrows = expansion of the posterolateral margin of the subgenital plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399604/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFE07FF2CFD20F68A" bold="true" box="[442,725,150,177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Phallic organ (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFDD0FF2CFD33F68A" box="[621,710,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Dorsal sclerite wider than long, roughly rectangular in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFF60FF01FEC5F6EF" box="[221,304,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
, in red); distal process short and relatively wide, directed to the left, almost perpendicular in relation to longitudinal axis of organ (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFE56FF65FDB4F6C3" box="[491,577,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
: dp). Dorsal and ventral lobes partially fused on left side. Dorsal lobe (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFAD2FF65FF42F727" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
: dl) subdivided into main body on the right and a digitiform, smaller dorsal pouch on the left (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFB70FEB9FAD4F727" box="[1229,1313,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
: asterisks). Sclerite of the ventral lobe of “large
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFFF3FFEEFD92FE9DFD97F77B" box="[559,610,295,321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
” (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFDC6FE9DFD38F77B" box="[635,717,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
, in green), covering entire inner face of ventral lobe and slightly extending to outer face posteriorly; roughly triangular in dorsal view, with somewhat acuminate posterior margin; apical, left basal and right basal protuberances well-developed, blunt and undivided (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFBF9FED5FB62F7B3" box="[1092,1175,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
: ap, lp, rp). One of base apodemes (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFEABFE29FE9CF797" box="[278,361,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,184,1211]" captionTargetId="figure-27@40.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 28. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, illustrations of the phallic organ. A. Dorsal view. B. Detail of the sclerite of the ventral lobe in dorsal view. C. Caudal view. D. Left view. E. Right view. Abbreviations: ap, apical protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; b, base; dl, dorsal lobe; dp, distal process of the dorsal sclerite; lp, left basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; rbp, right basal pouch; rp, right basal protuberance of the sclerite of the ventral lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Colors: light gray, membranous regions; red, dorsal sclerite; green, sclerite of the ventral lobe; blue, base apodemes. * = left ramification of the dorsal lobe. In D and E the final portion of the ejaculatory duct is represented by transparency with dotted lines. Images A, B, D and E adapted from Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello (2021: fig. 6)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399608/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
, in blue) projecting into dorsal lobe as a distinct spatulate expansion.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF636634FFF3FFEEFF2AFA4EFAFCF00A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6399602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399602/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,250,1524,1548]" targetBox="[151,1435,461,1501]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF3FFEEFF2AFA4EFAFCF00A" blockId="38.[151,1437,1524,1585]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFF2AFA4EFEEAF037" bold="true" box="[151,287,1524,1549]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFE98FA4FFD4FF037" authority="Redtenbacher, 1906" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[293,698,1525,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFE98FA4FFE1CF036" box="[293,489,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Paraphasma minus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF3FFEEFE52FA4FFD4FF037" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[495,698,1525,1549]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref47604" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1906) I. Tribus Bacillini, II. Tribus Obrimini, III. Tribus Pygirhynchini, IV. Tribus Ascepasmini, V. Tribus Anisomorphini, VI. Tribus Phasmini, VII. Tribus Heteropterygini, VIII. Tribus Phyllini. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. &amp; Redtenbacher, J. (Eds.), 1906 - 1908, Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 18, tafel I - VI." type="book chapter" year="1906">Redtenbacher, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male, specimen MZUSP 0287.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFC42FA4EFBC2F036" bold="true" box="[1023,1079,1524,1548]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A–C.</emphasis>
Habitus, dorsal (
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFB59FA4EFB03F036" bold="true" box="[1252,1270,1524,1548]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
), lateral (
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFAE5FA4FFA9CF037" bold="true" box="[1368,1385,1525,1549]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFF51F9A2FF0BF00A" bold="true" box="[236,254,1560,1584]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
) views.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFEE8F9A3FE7EF00B" bold="true" box="[341,395,1561,1585]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D, E.</emphasis>
Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral (
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFC85F9A3FCBFF00B" bold="true" box="[824,842,1561,1585]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
) and dorsal (
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFC6CF9A3FC17F00B" bold="true" box="[977,994,1561,1585]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">E</emphasis>
) views. Scale bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF3FFEEFF7AF9E5FA91F0FB" blockId="38.[151,1437,1631,2017]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFF7AF9E5FD40F043" bold="true" box="[199,693,1631,1657]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Redescription of female. Color (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFDF0F9E5FD53F043" box="[589,678,1631,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-22@41.[151,1435,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 29. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, female, holotype (NHMW). A, B. Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral view. D. Labels. E–G. Terminalia, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; PO, praeopercular organ; SP, subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X. Scale bars = 10 mm, unless otherwise indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399610/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
As in male.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFCF0F9E5FB3EF043" bold="true" box="[845,1227,1631,1657]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Head and thorax (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFB93F9E5FB4BF043" box="[1070,1214,1631,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-22@41.[151,1435,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 29. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, female, holotype (NHMW). A, B. Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral view. D. Labels. E–G. Terminalia, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; PO, praeopercular organ; SP, subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X. Scale bars = 10 mm, unless otherwise indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399610/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 29A–C</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
As in male.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFAD9F9E5FECEF0A7" bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Legs (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFF22F939FED8F0A7" box="[159,301,1667,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-22@41.[151,1435,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 29. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, female, holotype (NHMW). A, B. Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral view. D. Labels. E–G. Terminalia, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; PO, praeopercular organ; SP, subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X. Scale bars = 10 mm, unless otherwise indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399610/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 29A–C</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
As in male, but slightly shorter in relation to body.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFC3FF939FB8CF0A7" bold="true" box="[898,1145,1667,1693]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Wings (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFC60F939FB9EF0A7" box="[989,1131,1667,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-22@41.[151,1435,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 29. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, female, holotype (NHMW). A, B. Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral view. D. Labels. E–G. Terminalia, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; PO, praeopercular organ; SP, subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X. Scale bars = 10 mm, unless otherwise indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399610/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 29A–C</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
As in male, but hindwing reaching or surpassing abdominal tergite VIII.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFD1EF91DFC02F0FB" bold="true" box="[675,1015,1703,1729]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFC9AF91DFC1FF0FB" box="[807,1002,1703,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-22@41.[151,1435,181,1593]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 29. Paraphasma minus Redtenbacher, 1906, female, holotype (NHMW). A, B. Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Anterior region of the body, dorsolateral view. D. Labels. E–G. Terminalia, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; PO, praeopercular organ; SP, subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X. Scale bars = 10 mm, unless otherwise indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399610/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 29A,B,E–G</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
As in
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFBFCF91DFAA8F0FB" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[1089,1373,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersum">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFBFCF91DFAA8F0FB" box="[1089,1373,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Paraphasma conspersum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF3FFEEFF7AF971FE50F0DF" blockId="38.[151,1437,1631,2017]" box="[199,421,1739,1765]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFF7AF971FE50F0DF" bold="true" box="[199,421,1739,1765]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Egg not examined.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066537FFF3FFEEFF7AF955FE35F14F" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF3FFEEFF7AF955FE35F14F" blockId="38.[151,1437,1631,2017]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFF7AF955FD64F133" bold="true" box="[199,657,1775,1801]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="13272A39FFF3FFEEFED5F955FE5AF133" box="[360,431,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1433,1457]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,184,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-22@9.[151,1435,181,1409]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Paraphasma. Circles indicate records based on material examined; triangles indicate records from the literature (Stoll 1787; Serville 1839; Chopard 1911; Conle et al. 2011; Jourdan et al. 2014); stars indicate records of undetermined Paraphasma species based on Rehn (1906) and Piza (1939) (although these authors identified the specimens, the identifications are doubtful or insufficient)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399542/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: light blue circles).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFD25F955FC84F133" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[664,881,1775,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFD25F955FC84F133" box="[664,881,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Paraphasma minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded from the Brazilian Amazon. The type locality “Alto
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF3FFEEFE85F8A9FE44F117" box="[312,433,1811,1837]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
” is vague, but possibly refers to the Solimões River (see “Remarks” below). In addition to the
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFFF3FFEEFF63F88DFEB6F16B" box="[222,323,1847,1873]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, only two other specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFD2EF882FD07F16B" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[659,754,1848,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFD2EF882FD07F16B" box="[659,754,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known, from Manaus (eastern
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF3FFEEFBC5F88DFADFF16B" box="[1144,1322,1847,1873]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Amazonas state</collectingRegion>
) and Paru River (north-central
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF3FFEEFEC0F8E1FE41F14F" box="[381,436,1883,1909]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Pará</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066537FFF3FFEFFF7AF8C5FBDFF158" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF3FFEFFF7AF8C5FB27F727" blockId="38.[151,1437,1631,2017]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFF7AF8C5FECEF1A3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1919,1945]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFFF3FFEEFE3DF8C5FE45F1A3" box="[384,432,1919,1945]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFDF4F8C5FCDDF1A3" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[585,808,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFDF4F8C5FCDDF1A3" box="[585,808,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Paraphasma minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to a single female. For this reason, the identification of the
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD35FFF3FFEEFEC0F819FE1AF187" box="[381,495,1955,1981]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
housed at MZUSP and MNRJ could not be based on the morphology of the phallic organ. Although the females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFDBDF872FD95F1DB" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[512,608,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFDBDF872FD95F1DB" box="[512,608,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFDCDF872FCE2F1DB" authority="Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Morales &amp; Cancello, 2022" authorityName="Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Morales &amp; Cancello" authorityYear="2022" box="[624,791,1991,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistinctum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFDCDF872FCE2F1DB" box="[624,791,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. indistinctum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFCA2F87DFC8FF1DB" bold="true" box="[799,890,1991,2017]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57D5FFF3FFEEFCA2F87DFC8FF1DB" box="[799,890,1991,2017]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFC37F872FBD8F1DB" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[906,1069,1992,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersum">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFC37F872FBD8F1DB" box="[906,1069,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. conspersum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFB81F872FB45F1DB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1084,1200,1991,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laterale">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFB81F872FB45F1DB" box="[1084,1200,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. laterale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFB02F872FABBF1DB" authorityName=", Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[1215,1358,1991,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginale">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFB02F872FABBF1DB" box="[1215,1358,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P. marginale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF3FFEEFA35F872FA68F1DB" authority="Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Morales &amp; Cancello, 2022" authorityName="Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Morales &amp; Cancello" authorityYear="2022" box="[1416,1437,1992,2017]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF3FFEEFA35F872FA68F1DB" box="[1416,1437,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFF2AFF2DFEF9F68A" box="[151,268,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sooretama</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFEA8FF2DFE84F68B" bold="true" box="[277,369,151,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57D5FFF2FFEFFEA8FF2DFE84F68B" box="[277,369,151,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
do not show clear differences of external morphology, it is reasonable to infer that these
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD35FFF2FFEFFACFFF2DFF2DF6EF" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
are conspecific with the
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFFF2FFEFFE56FF01FDB8F6EF" box="[491,589,187,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFDD2FF01FD39F6EE" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[623,716,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFDD2FF01FD39F6EE" box="[623,716,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on their collecting localities and on the fact that the female
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFFF2FFEFFF2AFF65FF0CF6C3" box="[151,249,223,249]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and these males correspond to the smallest representatives of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFC17FF65FBCCF6C3" baseAuthorityName="Chiquetto-Machado &amp; Cancello" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[938,1081,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFC17FF65FBCCF6C3" box="[938,1081,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paraphasma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by us (in comparison with specimens of the same sex). Hence, the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFD56FEB9FCBCF726" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[747,841,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFD56FEB9FCBCF726" box="[747,841,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described here for the first time.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF636634FFF2FFEFFF2AFAEBFC21F3EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399604" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6399604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399604/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,250,1361,1385]" targetBox="[150,1435,314,1335]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF2FFEFFF2AFAEBFC21F3EF" blockId="39.[151,1436,1361,1493]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFF2AFAEBFED5F353" bold="true" box="[151,288,1361,1385]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFE9AFAEBFD4AF353" authority="Redtenbacher, 1906" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[295,703,1361,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFE9AFAEBFE19F353" box="[295,492,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paraphasma minus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF2FFEFFE4EFAEBFD4AF353" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[499,703,1361,1385]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref47604" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1906) I. Tribus Bacillini, II. Tribus Obrimini, III. Tribus Pygirhynchini, IV. Tribus Ascepasmini, V. Tribus Anisomorphini, VI. Tribus Phasmini, VII. Tribus Heteropterygini, VIII. Tribus Phyllini. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. &amp; Redtenbacher, J. (Eds.), 1906 - 1908, Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 18, tafel I - VI." type="book chapter" year="1906">Redtenbacher, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male terminalia.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFCC8FAEBFC58F353" bold="true" box="[885,941,1361,1385]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A–D.</emphasis>
Terminalia in dorsal (
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFB32FAEBFB54F353" bold="true" box="[1167,1185,1361,1385]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
), lateral (
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFAB8FAEBFAE3F352" bold="true" box="[1285,1302,1361,1384]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
), ventral (
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFA3CFAEBFA66F353" bold="true" box="[1409,1427,1361,1385]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
) and oblique caudal (
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFEDBFACFFE8DF3B7" bold="true" box="[358,376,1397,1421]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
) views.
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFE6DFACFFE12F3B7" bold="true" box="[464,487,1397,1421]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E.</emphasis>
Drawing of the vomer. Abbreviations: Ce, cerci; S8, sternite VIII; SPa, anterior region of the subgenital plate; SPp, posterior region of the subgenital plate; T8, T9, T10, tergites VIII, IX and X; TP, thorn pad. Arrows = expansion of the posterolateral margin of the subgenital plate. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF2FFEFFF7AF9BEFE7BF123" blockId="39.[151,1436,1539,1890]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
It is possible that the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFD3BF9BEFD1CF027" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[646,745,1540,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFD3BF9BEFD1CF027" box="[646,745,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(“Alto
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF2FFEFFCF8F9BEFC4BF024" box="[837,958,1540,1566]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
” = Upper
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF2FFEFFB81F9BEFB41F024" box="[1084,1204,1540,1566]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
) corresponds to the Solimões River, in which case it would be situated further west in the Amazon Forest than the localities of the
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD35FFF2FFEFFF2AF9F6FEF9F05F" box="[151,268,1611,1638]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
[the old Upper
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF2FFEFFE7AF9F6FDC8F05C" box="[455,573,1612,1638]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
Basin is nowadays known as the Solimões Basin—see
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF2FFEFFB78F9F6FA9FF05C" author="Caputo, M. V." box="[1221,1386,1612,1638]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref44385" refString="Caputo, M. V. (1984) Stratigraphy, Tectonics, Paleoclimatology and Paleogeography of Northern Basins of Brazil. University of California, California, 583 pp. [Ph. D. Dissertation]" type="book" year="1984">Caputo (1984)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF2FFEFFF2AF9D5FE81F0B0" author="Silva, A. J. P. &amp; Lopes, R. C. &amp; Vasconcelos, A. M. &amp; Bahia, R. B. C." box="[151,372,1647,1674]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="55 - 85" refId="ref47993" refString="Silva, A. J. P., Lopes, R. C., Vasconcelos, A. M. &amp; Bahia, R. B. C. (2003) Bacias Sedimentares Paleozoicas e Meso-Cenozoicas Interiores. In: Bizzi, L. A., Schobbenhaus, C., Vidotti, R. M. &amp; Goncalves, J. H. (Eds.), Geologia, Tectonica e Recursos Minerais do Brasil. CPRM, Brasilia, pp. 55 - 85." type="book chapter" year="2003">
Silva
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFF61F9CAFEEDF0B3" box="[220,280,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
]. This hypothesis is corroborated by the fact that the collecting locality of the
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFFF2FFEFFAAEF9D5FA8FF0B3" box="[1299,1402,1647,1673]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFF2AF92EFDA8F097" authority="Redtenbacher, 1906" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,605,1683,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Agrostia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFF2AF92EFE83F097" box="[151,374,1683,1710]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Agrostia bipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFFF2FFEFFEC3F929FDA8F097" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[382,605,1683,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref47604" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1906) I. Tribus Bacillini, II. Tribus Obrimini, III. Tribus Pygirhynchini, IV. Tribus Ascepasmini, V. Tribus Anisomorphini, VI. Tribus Phasmini, VII. Tribus Heteropterygini, VIII. Tribus Phyllini. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. &amp; Redtenbacher, J. (Eds.), 1906 - 1908, Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 18, tafel I - VI." type="book chapter" year="1906">Redtenbacher, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFDD1F929FCF3F097" authorityName="Jacobson &amp; Bianchi" authorityYear="1902" box="[620,774,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmatodea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Phasmatodea</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFCACF929FC05F094" box="[785,1008,1683,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudophasmatidae</taxonomicName>
) is “Alto
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF2FFEFFBE3F92EFB22F094" box="[1118,1239,1684,1710]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
, Coary” and, like the
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFFF2FFEFFF7FF90DFED1F0EB" box="[194,292,1719,1745]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFEF1F902FE59F0EB" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[332,428,1720,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFEF1F902FE59F0EB" box="[332,428,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this specimen was acquired from the natural history dealer Otto Staudinger. The city of Coari (
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF2FFEFFF59F966FEABF0CC" box="[228,350,1756,1782]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
) is located on the banks of the Solimões River, suggesting that the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFFF2FFEFFABBF966FA90F0CF" authorityName="Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[1286,1381,1756,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minus">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFABBF966FA90F0CF" box="[1286,1381,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. minus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also refer to this river.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFFF2FFEFFF7AF899FBDFF158" blockId="39.[151,1436,1539,1890]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFF7AF899FDC7F107" bold="true" box="[199,562,1827,1853]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF2FFEFFF7AF899FEB2F107" box="[199,327,1827,1853]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Additional</collectingRegion>
material examined.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B743CE1FFF2FFEFFD84F899FDF3F158" collectingDate="2014-06-04" collectingMethod="Coleta manual" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="L. Oliveira Junior" country="Brazil" location="Dom Pedro" municipality="Manaus" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="MZUSP 0287" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFD84F899FCC0F107" bold="true" box="[569,821,1827,1853]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectingCountry id="F30B762CFFF2FFEFFD84F899FD53F107" box="[569,678,1827,1853]" name="Brazil" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF2FFEFFD0DF899FCC4F107" box="[688,817,1827,1853]" country="Brazil" name="Amazonas" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD35FFF2FFEFFC86F89EFC95F104" box="[827,864,1828,1854]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7ACC6FFF2FFEFFCD1F89EFC32F104" box="[876,967,1828,1854]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Manaus</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC36067FFF2FFEFFC6FF89EFBA1F107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587AAFFF0FFEFFF2AFBF1FBDFF158:8EC36067FFF2FFEFFC6FF89EFBA1F107" box="[978,1108,1827,1854]" country="Brazil" municipality="Manaus" name="Dom Pedro" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Amazonas">Dom Pedro</location>
,
<date id="FFA2107CFFF2FFEFFBE3F899FB3EF107" box="[1118,1227,1827,1853]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2014-06-04">
<collectingDate id="EFE6E994FFF2FFEFFBE3F899FB3EF107" box="[1118,1227,1827,1853]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2014-06-04">4.vi.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="525D4EABFFF2FFEFFB68F899FA8CF107" box="[1237,1401,1827,1853]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Coleta manual</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="26E9536AFFF2FFEFFA39F89EFEB5F15B" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">L. Oliveira Junior</collectorName>
(
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EC7FFF2FFEFFEF3F8F2FE06F158" box="[334,499,1864,1890]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">MZUSP 0287</specimenCode>
*)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B743CE1FFF2FFEFFDACF8FCFBD3F158" box="[529,1062,1862,1890]" collectingDate="1952-07" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="J. C. &amp; M. C." country="Brazil" location="Rio Paru" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Para">
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFFF2FFEFFDACF8FCFDA1F15B" bold="true" box="[529,596,1862,1889]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectingRegion id="49D8F85EFFF2FFEFFDACF8FCFDBAF15B" box="[529,591,1862,1889]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pará</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD35FFF2FFEFFDE6F8F2FD8AF158" box="[603,639,1864,1890]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EC36067FFF2FFEFFD31F8FDFD04F158" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587AAFFF0FFEFFF2AFBF1FBDFF158:8EC36067FFF2FFEFFD31F8FDFD04F158" box="[652,753,1863,1890]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Paru" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Para">Rio Paru</location>
,
<date id="FFA2107CFFF2FFEFFD40F8FDFCB5F158" box="[765,832,1863,1890]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1952-07">
<collectingDate id="EFE6E994FFF2FFEFFD40F8FDFCB5F158" box="[765,832,1863,1890]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1952-07">vii.52</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26E9536AFFF2FFEFFCF6F8F2FC80F158" box="[843,885,1864,1890]" name="J. Constant" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">J.C.</collectorName>
<collectorName id="26E9536AFFF2FFEFFCC8F8F2FC45F158" box="[885,944,1864,1890]" name="Eliana M. Cancello" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">M.C.</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE79FFF2FFEFFC02F8F2FBE7F158" box="[959,1042,1864,1890]" collectionName="Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Cristovao, Universidade do Rio Janeiro, Museu Nacional" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">MNRJ</collectionCode>
*)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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