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<document id="61939EC35781BF3AD1C771D45FBA0C5F" ID-CLB-Dataset="20904" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.524.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="83099003-0351-48b6-a5a3-c95778c7edfa" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5649288" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1636143254715" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Giaretta, Augusto, Lucas, Eve &amp; Sano, Paulo Takeo" docDate="2021" docId="03B5878D655F87667AC6092C9E6AFF15" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.524.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 524 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Eugenia P. Micheli ex Linnaeus 1753" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FF8CFFF5655E87647A4E0A429B54FFC8" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic monograph of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), a group within Eugenia with unusual flowers" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1699467803903" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="B0E1843B6C9F520BD7AE63A08F59B937">Taxonomic monograph of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), a group within Eugenia with unusual flowers</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC9BB25F3260E56F5F92903A9630B23A">Giaretta, Augusto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="19EA686D2A6868337FB0A601B3662F7A">Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Unidade II, 79804 - 970, Caixa Postal 364, Dourados, MS, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8263 - 9806</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="913A117BA7470F35ADB70220B8CE24C2">Lucas, Eve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D1F0267B5CEF5018E24AC81D69A3B2C8">Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew TW 9 3 AB Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7603 - 435 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6172ADB253C1D205BCDE7C2B4806F778">Sano, Paulo Takeo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="97B349017ED9C40934D8591FBF96AAF3">Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 14, Edifício Sobre as Ondas, 05508 - 090 São Paulo, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1709 - 1215</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="2EC114E7D4D4C5D48AE4E0CE03A7F1B8">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B5878D655F87667AC6092C9E6AFF15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5699034" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192718829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5699034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B5878D655F87667AC6092C9E6AFF15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5878D655F87667AC6092C9E6AFF15" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<subSubSection id="C3066510655F87657AC6092C9A2CFC40" box="[136,376,878,904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA3369B655F87657AC6092C9A2CFC40" blockId="1.[136,376,878,904]" box="[136,376,878,904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<heading id="D0EB81F7655F87657AC6092C9A2CFC40" bold="true" box="[136,376,878,904]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657AC6092C9A2CFC40" bold="true" box="[136,376,878,904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657AC6092C9BBEFC40" ID-CoL="4FLN" authorityName="P. Micheli ex Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[136,234,878,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657AC6092C9BBEFC40" bold="true" box="[136,234,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
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systematics
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<subSubSection id="C3066510655F87657AC609F49E7AFA94" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA3369B655F87657AC609F49E7AFA94" blockId="1.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
Phylogenetic reconstructions indicate
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<emphasis id="B968EA89655F8765787409F599C3FC18" box="[570,663,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
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to be a consistently monophyletic group including
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<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657EA709F49E2EFC18" box="[1257,1402,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Calycorectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other traditionally related genera (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657BB009989984FC3C" author="Mazine, F. F. &amp; Souza, V. C. &amp; Sobral, M. &amp; Forest, F. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[510,720,986,1012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="9497" refId="ref29199" refString="Mazine, F. F., Souza, V. C., Sobral, M., Forest, F. &amp; Lucas, E. (2014) A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Eugenia (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with a focus on Neotropical species. Kew Bulletin 69: 9497. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 014 - 9497 - x" type="journal article" year="2014">
Mazine
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657817099999C4FC3C" box="[601,656,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
, 2018;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657950099998ADFC3C" author="Bunger, M. O. &amp; Mazine, F. F. &amp; Forest, F. &amp; Bueno, M. L. &amp; Stehmann, J. R. &amp; Lucas, E. J." box="[798,1017,986,1013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="1209 - 1223" refId="ref27643" refString="Bunger, M. O., Mazine, F. F., Forest, F., Bueno, M. L., Stehmann, J. R. &amp; Lucas, E. J. (2016 a) The evolutionary history of Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx (Myrtaceae) corroborates historically stable areas in the southern Atlantic forests. Annals of Botany 118: 1209 - 1223. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aob / mcw 209" type="journal article" year="2016">
Bünger
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657938099998F9FC3C" box="[886,941,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2016a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657E4D09989FA0FC3C" author="Flickinger, J. A. &amp; Jestrow, B. &amp; Prieto, R. O. &amp; Santiago-Valentin, E. &amp; Sustache-Sustache, J. &amp; Campbell, K. C. S. E. &amp; Francisco-Ortega, J." box="[1027,1268,986,1012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="448 - 480" refId="ref27901" refString="Flickinger, J. A., Jestrow, B., Prieto, R. O., Santiago-Valentin, E., Sustache-Sustache, J., Jimenez-Rodriguez, Campbell, K. C. S. E. &amp; Francisco-Ortega, J. (2020) A phylogenetic survey of Myrtaceae in the Greater Antilles with nomenclatural changes for some endemic species. Taxon 69: 448 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 12263" type="journal article" year="2020">
Flickinger
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657E3209999FE6FC3C" box="[1148,1202,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Nomenclatural adjustment has incorporated this phylogenetic framework into a new infrageneric arrangement of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657EA609BD9A5AFBF5" authority="(Mazine et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Mazine" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657EA609BD9E11FBD0" box="[1256,1349,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657F1809BC9A52FBF5" author="Mazine, F. F. &amp; Bunger, M. O. &amp; Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Lucas, E. &amp; Souza, V. C." pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="225 - 236" refId="ref29272" refString="Mazine, F. F., Bunger, M. O., Faria, J. E. Q., Lucas, E. &amp; Souza, V. C. (2016) Sections in Eugenia (Myrteae, Myrtaceae): nomenclatural notes and a key. Phytotaxa 289: 225 - 236. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 289.3.2" type="journal article" year="2016">
Mazine
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657AC60E619B95FBF4" box="[136,193,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This framework splits
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F876578560E619921FBF4" box="[536,629,1059,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876578560E619921FBF4" box="[536,629,1059,1084]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into manageable groups, facilitating further taxonomic and conservation studies. Two species corresponding to
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F876578080E059FE1FBA8" authority="(O. Berg) Mattos (2005: 3)" authorityName="Mattos" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="O. Berg" box="[582,1205,1094,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Calycorectes">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876578080E0599F7FBA8" box="[582,675,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876578A40E04982FFBA8" box="[746,891,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Calycorectes</emphasis>
(O.Berg)
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F876579BD0E059FE1FBA8" author="Mattos, J. R." box="[1011,1205,1094,1121]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref29146" refString="Mattos, J. R. (2005) Consideracoes sobre Calycorectes O. Berg. Loefgrenia 120: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2005">Mattos (2005: 3)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
were included in the phylogenetic study of
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657BC80E289925FB4C" author="Mazine, F. F. &amp; Souza, V. C. &amp; Sobral, M. &amp; Forest, F. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[390,625,1130,1156]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="9497" refId="ref29199" refString="Mazine, F. F., Souza, V. C., Sobral, M., Forest, F. &amp; Lucas, E. (2014) A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Eugenia (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with a focus on Neotropical species. Kew Bulletin 69: 9497. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 014 - 9497 - x" type="journal article" year="2014">
Mazine
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657BAC0E29994FFB4C" box="[482,539,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
. That study suggests calyx fusion occurred only once in
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657EB90E299E0FFB4C" box="[1271,1371,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657EB90E299E03FB4C" box="[1271,1367,1131,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eugenia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
within the well-supported ‘clade 7’ sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F8765786F0ECC9841FB60" author="Mazine, F. F. &amp; Souza, V. C. &amp; Sobral, M. &amp; Forest, F. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[545,789,1166,1192]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="9497" refId="ref29199" refString="Mazine, F. F., Souza, V. C., Sobral, M., Forest, F. &amp; Lucas, E. (2014) A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Eugenia (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with a focus on Neotropical species. Kew Bulletin 69: 9497. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 014 - 9497 - x" type="journal article" year="2014">
Mazine
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876578CE0ECD99E9FB60" box="[640,701,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F8765796A0ECC9F7CFB60" author="Giaretta, A. &amp; Amorim, B. S. &amp; Sano, P. T. &amp; Souza, G. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[804,1064,1166,1192]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="66 - 73" refId="ref28086" refString="Giaretta, A., Amorim, B. S., Sano, P. T., Souza, G. &amp; Lucas, E. (2019 a) Phylogenetic placement of new species with fused calyx reveals homoplastic character in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Systematic Botany 44: 66 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 X 697903" type="journal article" year="2019">
Giaretta
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876579C70ECD9892FB60" box="[905,966,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
(2019a)
</bibRefCitation>
explored the phylogenetic signal of calyx fusion within
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657BD80EF19AA7FB04" box="[406,499,1203,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657BD80EF19AA7FB04" box="[406,499,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using phylogenetic reconstruction based on five DNA regions (one nuclear; four plastid).
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657AA40E949AB6FB38" author="Giaretta, A. &amp; Amorim, B. S. &amp; Sano, P. T. &amp; Souza, G. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[234,482,1238,1264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="66 - 73" refId="ref28086" refString="Giaretta, A., Amorim, B. S., Sano, P. T., Souza, G. &amp; Lucas, E. (2019 a) Phylogenetic placement of new species with fused calyx reveals homoplastic character in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Systematic Botany 44: 66 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 X 697903" type="journal article" year="2019">
Giaretta
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657B050E959AD0FB38" box="[331,388,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
(2019a)
</bibRefCitation>
demonstrate that calyx fusion in
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F876579190E9598E0FB38" box="[855,948,1239,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876579190E9598E0FB38" box="[855,948,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is homoplastic and recover a well-supported
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657AC60EB999ECFADC" authority="O. Berg (1856 a: 204)" authorityName="O. Berg" authorityPageNumber="204" authorityYear="1856" box="[136,696,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Umbellatae">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657AC60EB99BB1FADC" box="[136,229,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
section
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657B0A0EB89A93FADC" box="[324,455,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Umbellatae</emphasis>
O.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657BA80EB899ECFADC" author="Berg, O. C." box="[486,696,1274,1301]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="129 - 384" refId="ref27469" refString="Berg, O. C. (1856 a) Revisio Myrtacearum huc usque cognitarum s. Klotzschii &quot; Flora Americae aequinoctialis &quot; exhibens Myrtaceas. Linnaea 27: 129 - 384." type="journal article" year="1856">Berg (1856a: 204)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
including
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F8765797E0EB99F9AFADC" authority="O. Berg (1856 a: 317)" authorityName="O. Berg" authorityPageNumber="317" authorityYear="1856" box="[816,1230,1274,1301]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Calycorectes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolius">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F8765797E0EB9988FFADC" box="[816,987,1274,1301]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">C. grandifolius</emphasis>
O.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F876579B40EB89F9AFADC" author="Berg, O. C." box="[1018,1230,1274,1301]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="129 - 384" refId="ref27469" refString="Berg, O. C. (1856 a) Revisio Myrtacearum huc usque cognitarum s. Klotzschii &quot; Flora Americae aequinoctialis &quot; exhibens Myrtaceas. Linnaea 27: 129 - 384." type="journal article" year="1856">Berg (1856a: 317)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="54A78839655F87657F4A0EB99E60FADD" box="[1284,1332,1275,1301]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657AC60F5C9943FAF1" authority="(Giaretta et al. 2019 b)" baseAuthorityName="Giaretta" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[136,535,1310,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Calycorectes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657AC60F5C9A4DFAF0" box="[136,281,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Calycorectes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657B680F5C9944FAF1" author="Giaretta, A. &amp; Vasconcelos, T. N. C. &amp; Mazine, F. F. &amp; Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Flores, R. &amp; Holst, B. &amp; Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[294,528,1310,1337]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="106553" refId="ref28155" refString="Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Mazine, F. F., Faria, J. E. Q., Flores, R., Holst, B., Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E. (2019 b) Calyx (con) fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139: 106553. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106553" type="journal article" year="2019">
Giaretta
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657BC60F5D9AEBFAF0" box="[392,447,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2019b
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In light of those results,
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F876579640F5C98A4FAF0" authorityName="Mattos" authorityYear="1990" baseAuthorityName="Kausel" box="[810,1008,1310,1336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Schizocalomyrtus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876579640F5C98A4FAF0" box="[810,1008,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Schizocalomyrtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was selected as an appropriate name for ‘clade 7’, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657B6C0F0198E4FA94" authority="(Kausel) Mattos (2005: 3)" authorityName="Mattos" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Kausel" box="[290,944,1346,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Schizocalomyrtus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657B6C0F019A2BFA94" box="[290,383,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657B8E0F0099D2FA94" box="[448,646,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Schizocalomyrtus</emphasis>
(Kausel)
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F876578BA0F0198E4FA94" author="Mattos, J. R." box="[756,944,1346,1373]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref29146" refString="Mattos, J. R. (2005) Consideracoes sobre Calycorectes O. Berg. Loefgrenia 120: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2005">Mattos (2005: 3)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F876579F00F009FFCFA95" author="Giaretta, A. &amp; Vasconcelos, T. N. C. &amp; Mazine, F. F. &amp; Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Flores, R. &amp; Holst, B. &amp; Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[958,1192,1346,1373]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="106553" refId="ref28155" refString="Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Mazine, F. F., Faria, J. E. Q., Flores, R., Holst, B., Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E. (2019 b) Calyx (con) fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139: 106553. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106553" type="journal article" year="2019">
Giaretta
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657E6F0F019F0EFA94" box="[1057,1114,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2019b
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13272A1E655F87657EF00F009E49FA94" box="[1214,1309,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,190,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[244,1344,190,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diversity of Eugenia sect. Schizocalomyrtus. A–B. Eugenia acutata. A. Auxotelic inflorescence undergoing a second phase of vegetative growth. B. Flowers at anthesis. C–D. Eugenia tenuipedunculata. C. Flowers. D. Immature fruits. E. Eugenia neoriedeliana. Flower opening via transversal tearing at the calyx base resulting in a calyptra-like structure. F. Eugenia guanabarina. Flowers opening via transversal tearing at the calyx base resulting in a calyptra-like structure (S) placed in opposition to a petal (P). G–H. Eugenia longohypanthiata. G. Flower bud tearing irregularly at anthesis. H. Immature fruits crowned by the remnant of the calyx lobes (S) and the hypanthium (H). (A–B: A. Giaretta 1460; C: J.E.Q. Faria 1000; D: A. Giaretta 1493; E: A. Giaretta 1489; F: A. Giaretta 1035; G: A. Giaretta 1500; H: A. Giaretta 1502). Photos by A. Giaretta, except C by J.E.Q. Faria." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5649290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5649290/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Figure 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3066510655F87667AF30F249E6AFF15" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA3369B655F87657AF30F249891F855" blockId="1.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
The molecular phylogenetic framework shows
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F876578AE0F259F1FFA48" authorityName="Mattos" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Kausel" box="[736,1099,1382,1409]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Schizocalomyrtus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876578AE0F259869FA48" box="[736,829,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876579CB0F249F1FFA48" box="[901,1099,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Schizocalomyrtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well-supported in its sister relationship to
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657B7D0FC9981FFA6C" authority="Niedenzu (1893: 82)" authorityName="Niedenzu" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1893" box="[307,843,1418,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Phyllocalyx">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657B7D0FC99AC4FA6C" box="[307,400,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657B9A0FC8990CFA6C" box="[468,600,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Phyllocalyx</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F8765782E0FC8981FFA6C" author="Niedenzu, F." box="[608,843,1418,1444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="57 - 105" refId="ref29532" refString="Niedenzu, F. (1893) Myrtaceae. In: Engler, A. &amp; Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 3. Verlag von Wilhelm engelman, Leipzig, pp. 57 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4635" type="book chapter" year="1893">Niedenzu (1893: 82)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F876579150FC89F63FA6C" author="Mazine, F. F. &amp; Souza, V. C. &amp; Sobral, M. &amp; Forest, F. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[859,1079,1418,1444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="9497" refId="ref29199" refString="Mazine, F. F., Souza, V. C., Sobral, M., Forest, F. &amp; Lucas, E. (2014) A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Eugenia (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with a focus on Neotropical species. Kew Bulletin 69: 9497. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12225 - 014 - 9497 - x" type="journal article" year="2014">
Mazine
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876579F70FC998A7FA6C" box="[953,1011,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657E0D0FC99E73FA6C" author="Bunger, M. O. &amp; Mazine, F. F. &amp; Forest, F. &amp; Bueno, M. L. &amp; Stehmann, J. R. &amp; Lucas, E. J." box="[1091,1319,1418,1445]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="1209 - 1223" refId="ref27643" refString="Bunger, M. O., Mazine, F. F., Forest, F., Bueno, M. L., Stehmann, J. R. &amp; Lucas, E. J. (2016 a) The evolutionary history of Eugenia sect. Phyllocalyx (Myrtaceae) corroborates historically stable areas in the southern Atlantic forests. Annals of Botany 118: 1209 - 1223. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aob / mcw 209" type="journal article" year="2016">
Bünger
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657ED00FC99F8CFA6C" box="[1182,1240,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2016a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657F7B0FC89BACFA01" author="Giaretta, A. &amp; Vasconcelos, T. N. C. &amp; Mazine, F. F. &amp; Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Flores, R. &amp; Holst, B. &amp; Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E." pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="106553" refId="ref28155" refString="Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Mazine, F. F., Faria, J. E. Q., Flores, R., Holst, B., Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E. (2019 b) Calyx (con) fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139: 106553. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106553" type="journal article" year="2019">
Giaretta
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657FD90FC99BF1FA00" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2019b
</bibRefCitation>
). These sections share sepals extended in early flower development (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F876579B00FEC9E5BFA00" author="Vasconcelos, T. N. C. &amp; Lucas, E. J. &amp; Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Prenner, G." box="[1022,1295,1454,1480]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="161 - 174" refId="ref30330" refString="Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Lucas, E. J., Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Prenner, G. (2018) Floral heterochrony promotes flexibility of reproductive strategies in the morphologically homogeneous genus Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Annals of Botany 121: 161 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aob / mcx 142" type="journal article" year="2018">
Vasconcelos
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657EDC0FED9F9EFA00" box="[1170,1226,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). However, in
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657AC60F919AB8FA24" authorityName="Mattos" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Kausel" box="[136,492,1490,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Schizocalomyrtus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657AC60F919BB1FA24" box="[136,229,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657B680F909AB8FA24" box="[294,492,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Schizocalomyrtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
several degrees of calyx fusion were recognized, based on two development patterns, i.e. homosepalous and heterosepalous (detailed in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F8765788E0FB498FBF9D9" author="Giaretta, A. &amp; Vasconcelos, T. N. C. &amp; Mazine, F. F. &amp; Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Flores, R. &amp; Holst, B. &amp; Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[704,943,1526,1553]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="106553" refId="ref28155" refString="Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Mazine, F. F., Faria, J. E. Q., Flores, R., Holst, B., Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E. (2019 b) Calyx (con) fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139: 106553. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106553" type="journal article" year="2019">
Giaretta
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F8765796C0FB59808F9D8" box="[802,860,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2019b
</bibRefCitation>
). The homosepalous pattern is recognized by flower buds nearly closed except at the apex where four vestigial lobes are free. Homosepalous flowers tear in irregular lobes or open transversely via a structure that resembles a calyptra. Flowers opening in the heterosepalous pattern have four calyx lobes mostly fused along two-thirds of the length of the bud leaving an opening of
<quantity id="4CE49B7E655F87657EFC0C209E44F9B5" box="[1202,1296,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
diameter; the line of fusion is along the edge of each calyx lobe and results in a heterogeneous thickness of the calyx that tapers into a fragile tissue between each sepal. Although these patterns are useful for recognizing
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657E0D0CE99EF1F90C" authorityName="Mattos" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Kausel" box="[1091,1445,1706,1733]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Schizocalomyrtus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657E0D0CE99FF4F90C" box="[1091,1184,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657E910CE89EF1F90C" box="[1247,1445,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Schizocalomyrtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they are homoplastic, also appearing in other clades and can only be useful for species identification in conjunction with other characters. The longohypanthium pattern was also recorded in this section (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657E1C0CB09E69F8C5" author="Giaretta, A. &amp; Vasconcelos, T. N. C. &amp; Mazine, F. F. &amp; Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Flores, R. &amp; Holst, B. &amp; Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[1106,1341,1778,1805]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="106553" refId="ref28155" refString="Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Mazine, F. F., Faria, J. E. Q., Flores, R., Holst, B., Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E. (2019 b) Calyx (con) fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139: 106553. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106553" type="journal article" year="2019">
Giaretta
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657EFB0CB19FBAF8C4" box="[1205,1262,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2019b
</bibRefCitation>
) but is an extreme exception in
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657B310D559A88F8F8" box="[383,476,1815,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657B310D559A88F8F8" box="[383,476,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Flowers developing following the longohypanthium pattern have nearly closed buds with tissue extended into a tubular hypanthium the length of the corolla and style, up to two thirds of the bud length, covered by staminal whorls where stamens are strongly incurved. At anthesis the fused calyx and staminal whorls tear deeply into three or four irregular lobes (detailed in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F876578800DC098EEF855" author="Giaretta, A. &amp; Vasconcelos, T. N. C. &amp; Mazine, F. F. &amp; Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Flores, R. &amp; Holst, B. &amp; Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[718,954,1922,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="106553" refId="ref28155" refString="Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Mazine, F. F., Faria, J. E. Q., Flores, R., Holst, B., Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E. (2019 b) Calyx (con) fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139: 106553. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106553" type="journal article" year="2019">
Giaretta
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F8765797E0DC1983CF854" box="[816,872,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2019b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA3369B655F87667AF30DE49E6AFF15" blockId="1.[136,1452,950,2093]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1451,158,221]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
Insights into current phylogenetic relationships and morphological assessment of
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F87657E210DE59E7CF808" box="[1135,1320,1958,1984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657E210DE59F98F808" box="[1135,1228,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with fused calyces (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B6A655F87657AA90D889A9FF82D" author="Giaretta, A. &amp; Vasconcelos, T. N. C. &amp; Mazine, F. F. &amp; Faria, J. E. Q. &amp; Flores, R. &amp; Holst, B. &amp; Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E." box="[231,459,1994,2021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="106553" refId="ref28155" refString="Giaretta, A., Vasconcelos, T. N. C., Mazine, F. F., Faria, J. E. Q., Flores, R., Holst, B., Sano, P. T. &amp; Lucas, E. (2019 b) Calyx (con) fusion in a hyper-diverse genus: Parallel evolution of unusual flower patterns in Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139: 106553. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106553" type="journal article" year="2019">
Giaretta
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F87657B060D899A2BF82C" box="[328,383,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
2019b
</bibRefCitation>
) allows revaluation of previous classifications and development of a consistent taxonomy. Thus, a taxonomic revision of ten species included in
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D18655F8765789A0DAD9F05F7C0" authorityName="Mattos" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Kausel" box="[724,1105,2030,2056]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Schizocalomyrtus">
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F8765789A0DAD9865F7C0" box="[724,817,2031,2056]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Eugenia</emphasis>
section
<emphasis id="B968EA89655F876579C50DAC9F05F7C0" box="[907,1105,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Schizocalomyrtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a lineage of species with fused calyces, is here presented. The current work includes a key to Neotropical genera with closed calyces, circumscription of the section, a key to species included in the section (two newly described), detailed species descriptions, distribution and habitat notes, phenology, conservation status, taxonomic comments, illustrations and distribution maps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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