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<document id="4EFE06C107D3E282754D37B4102C57BE" ID-CLB-Dataset="27764" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3fb460f-20b4-4c62-98ea-a07d901bbfc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2614967" ID-ZooBank="4E9D0908-0933-48AF-A6ED-F3B8D39E8994" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553787614041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D." docDate="2018" docId="03B0147FFFF4FFD876CC681E47C1FE41" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Narella virgosa Cairns 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FF896C07FFEEFFC4765B6A1F4732FF92" masterDocTitle="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698714965598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BECD87A63E9B1403E8E3342E4C7FB95C">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BC6CDDCE09215144043198230F4C64D">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="59C47C8045B81C4E930D40B08CCC6144">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B0147FFFF4FFD876CC681E47C1FE41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFF4FFD876CC681E47C1FE41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0147FFFF4FFD876CC681E47C1FE41" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF4FFDE76CC681E4691FD89" box="[151,419,513,540]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF4FFDE76CC681E4691FD89" blockId="26.[151,419,513,575]" box="[151,419,513,540]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0EE1205FFF4FFDE76CC681E4691FD89" bold="true" box="[151,419,513,540]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE76CC681E4691FD89" bold="true" box="[151,419,513,540]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF4FFDE76CC681E4660FD89" ID-CoL="45PNS" authority="Cairns, 2018" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,338,513,540]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE76CC681E4660FD89" bold="true" box="[151,338,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Narella virgosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EC400FFF4FFDE773B681E4691FD89" box="[352,419,513,539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF4FFDE76CC683A465AFDAD" box="[151,360,549,575]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF4FFDE76CC683A465AFDAD" blockId="26.[151,419,513,575]" box="[151,360,549,575]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF4FFDE76CC683A4621FDAD" box="[151,275,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 1J, Q</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF4FFDE7744683A460AFDAD" box="[287,312,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1803,1828]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Narella virgosa, holotype: A, stereo view of a whorl. BD, stereo views of lateral, adaxial, and opercular aspects of a polyp. E, outer surface of basal scale. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scale. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614991/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">13</figureCitation>
AJ
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF4FFDE76CC687243E5FD15" box="[151,1239,621,648]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF4FFDE76CC687243E5FD15" blockId="26.[151,1437,621,1943]" box="[151,1239,621,648]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE76CC6872462AFD15" bold="true" box="[151,280,621,647]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF4FFDE7725687146E3FD15" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[382,465,622,647]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgosa">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE7725687146E3FD15" box="[382,465,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">virgosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Latin for bushy), in allusion to the bushy nature of the large colony.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF4FFDE769C688E451CFC35" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF4FFDE769C688E4615FC11" blockId="26.[151,1437,621,1943]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE769C688E46E9FD39" bold="true" box="[199,475,656,683]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type and Type Locality</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFF4FFDE77BC688E44DAFD5D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117764969" collectingDate="2406" collectingDateMax="2408" collectingDateMin="2406" collectionCode="SEM" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="USNM 1424064" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF4FFDE77BC688E4566FD39" box="[487,596,657,683]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: over a dozen branches and many detached polyps from the same colony, the largest branch
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF4FFDE776168AA464DFD5D" box="[314,383,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
in length, and
<collectionCode id="ED083DACFFF4FFDE747F68AA456CFD5D" box="[548,606,693,719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">SEM</collectionCode>
stubs
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFF4FFDE74FF68AA4412FD5D" box="[676,800,693,719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2406" valueMax="2408">
<date id="FFA783A9FFF4FFDE74FF68AA4412FD5D" box="[676,800,693,719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2406" valueMax="2408">2406-2408</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFF4FFDE757168AA44DAFD5D" box="[810,1000,693,719]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="Museum">USNM 1424064</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF4FFDE75AA68AA4350FD5D" box="[1009,1122,693,719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE723768A943BCFD5D" box="[1132,1166,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">EX</emphasis>
1504-L
<date id="FFA783A9FFF4FFDE72BF68AB421CFD5D" box="[1252,1326,692,719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2004-09-04">4-9-04</date>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFF4FFDE736268AB452EFC85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117764939" collectingDate="2522 - 2526, 2528 - 2529" collectionCode="SEM" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" elevation="1931" location="South Karin Ridge" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
16.14˚N, 167.85˚W (
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFF4FFDE774D68C646DFFD61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFF4FFD876CC681E47C1FE41:8EC6F3B2FFF4FFDE774D68C646DFFD61" box="[278,493,729,755]" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" name="South Karin Ridge" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">South Karin Ridge</location>
, southeast of
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF4FFDE74DD68C6441FFD66" box="[646,813,729,756]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Johnston Atoll</collectingCountry>
),
<elevation id="0034425AFFF4FFDE751B68C644A5FD61" box="[832,919,729,755]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9309999999999998" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1931.0">
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF4FFDE751B68C644A5FD61" box="[832,919,729,755]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9309999999999998" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1931.0">1931 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, a colony, now in eight branch fragments, and
<collectionCode id="ED083DACFFF4FFDE76CC68E247E3FC85" box="[151,209,765,791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">SEM</collectionCode>
stubs
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFF4FFDE774368E3452EFC85" box="[280,540,764,791]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<date id="FFA783A9FFF4FFDE774368E346A6FC85" box="[280,404,764,791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2522" valueMax="2526">2522-2526</date>
,
<date id="FFA783A9FFF4FFDE77C468E3452EFC85" box="[415,540,764,791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2528" valueMax="2529">2528-2529</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFF4FFDE747C68E245D6FC85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117764951" box="[551,740,765,791]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="USNM 1297747" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFF4FFDE747C68E245D6FC85" box="[551,740,765,791]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="Museum">USNM 1297747</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFF4FFDE74B468E1421EFCA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117764962" collectingDate="1603-02-07" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" elevation="1901" location="Rapano Seamount" municipality="Seamounts" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="USNM 1467640" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE74B468E14423FC85" box="[751,785,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">EX</emphasis>
<date id="FFA783A9FFF4FFDE754A68E344A5FC85" box="[785,919,764,791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1708-05-17">1708-17-05</date>
, 26.6˚N, 160.67˚W (
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFF4FFDE722668E2427CFC85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFF4FFD876CC681E47C1FE41:8EC6F3B2FFF4FFDE722668E2427CFC85" box="[1149,1358,765,791]" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" municipality="Seamounts" name="Rapano Seamount" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rapano Seamount</location>
, Musi- cians
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC23F13FFF4FFDE7681693E466BFCA9" box="[218,345,801,827]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Seamounts</collectingMunicipality>
),
<elevation id="0034425AFFF4FFDE7735693E46F5FCA9" box="[366,455,801,827]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9009999999999998" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1901.0">
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF4FFDE7735693E46F5FCA9" box="[366,455,801,827]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9009999999999998" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1901.0">1901 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, distal branches of a colony,
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFF4FFDE754C693E44E5FCA9" box="[791,983,801,827]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="Museum">USNM 1467640</specimenCode>
. Type Locality:
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE72CA693D4381FCA9" box="[1169,1203,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">EX</emphasis>
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFF4FFDE72E8693E421EFCA9" box="[1203,1324,801,827]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1603-02-07">
<date id="FFA783A9FFF4FFDE72E8693E421EFCA9" box="[1203,1324,801,827]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1603-02-07">1603-7-02</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFF4FFDE7362693F4611FC11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117764947" collectingDate="2016-03-10" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" elevation="1985" location="Castellano Seamount" municipality="Hawaiian Islands" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
26.43˚N, 177.80˚W (
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFF4FFDE774C695A453BFCCD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFF4FFD876CC681E47C1FE41:8EC6F3B2FFF4FFDE774C695A453BFCCD" box="[279,521,837,863]" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" municipality="Hawaiian Islands" name="Castellano Seamount" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Castellano Seamount</location>
, approximately
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF4FFDE74E5695A4426FCCD" box="[702,788,837,863]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="km" value="370.0">370 km</quantity>
south of
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF4FFDE7524695A4304FCCD" box="[895,1078,837,863]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Midway Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC23F13FFF4FFDE7219695A423AFCF2" box="[1090,1288,837,864]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hawaiian Islands</collectingMunicipality>
),
<elevation id="0034425AFFF4FFDE7347695B4246FCCD" box="[1308,1396,836,863]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.985" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1985.0">
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF4FFDE7347695B4246FCCD" box="[1308,1396,836,863]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.985" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1985.0">1985 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFF4FFDE73DB695A4611FC11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2016-03-10">
<date id="FFA783A9FFF4FFDE73DB695A4611FC11" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2016-03-10">10 March 2016</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF4FFDE769C6993451CFC35" blockId="26.[151,1437,621,1943]" box="[199,558,908,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE769C6993469DFC35" bold="true" box="[199,431,908,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material Examined</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF4FFDE77E569924518FC35" box="[446,554,909,935]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF4FFD8769C69AF45EEFEF5" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF4FFDE769C69AF4422FB55" blockId="26.[151,1437,621,1943]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF4FFDE769C69AF4663FC59" bold="true" box="[199,337,944,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF4FFDE77CF69AE46C4FC59" box="[404,502,945,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
colony is roughly uniplanar but also slightly bushy, abundantly branched and thus having many distal branches. Only a small portion of the
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF4FFDE756D69CA44AAFC7D" box="[822,920,981,1007]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected, but photographs of the living colony (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF4FFDE76A869E64673FB81" box="[243,321,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
) show it to be about
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in height and
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF4FFDE754269E7446CFB81" box="[793,862,1016,1043]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="85.0">85 cm</quantity>
in width. Branching is initially lyrate, followed by equal dichotomous branching, resulting in long unbranched terminal branches up to
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in length. The color of the colony is a very pale orange. The polyps are arranged in moderately closely spaced whorls (about 3/cm) of three or four polyps; the whorl diameter ranges from
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. The horizontal length of the polyps is
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in their contacted position, although the living polyps appear to be straight and stand perpendicular to the branch and are thus taller. Polychaete commensalism was not noted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF4FFDE769C6ECE46C5F9E5" blockId="26.[151,1437,621,1943]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
The basal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF4FFDE77D16ECE452EFB79" box="[394,540,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1803,1828]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Narella virgosa, holotype: A, stereo view of a whorl. BD, stereo views of lateral, adaxial, and opercular aspects of a polyp. E, outer surface of basal scale. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scale. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614991/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 13 B, E</figureCitation>
) stand perpendicular to the branch and extend up to
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in height, their distal edges smooth (not serrate or spinose), forming a relative short cowl (
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) around the proximal portion of the medial scales. The dorsolateral edge of the basal scale is rounded but bears multiple thin longitudinal ridges, some as tall as
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. Otherwise, the outer face is covered with small granules. The adaxial edges of the basal scales do not meet (open position,
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF4FFDE77F06F7E4522FAE9" box="[427,528,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1803,1828]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Narella virgosa, holotype: A, stereo view of a whorl. BD, stereo views of lateral, adaxial, and opercular aspects of a polyp. E, outer surface of basal scale. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scale. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614991/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). The medial scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF4FFDE74A36F7E446BFAE9" box="[760,857,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1803,1828]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Narella virgosa, holotype: A, stereo view of a whorl. BD, stereo views of lateral, adaxial, and opercular aspects of a polyp. E, outer surface of basal scale. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scale. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614991/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
) are much shorter (
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in length), and do not wrap around the polyp as the basal and buccal scales do. Each medial scales usually bears a single longitudinal ridge. It is not unusual for there to be two pairs of medial body wall scales. The buccal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF4FFDE728E6FB6425BFA51" box="[1237,1385,1449,1475]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1803,1828]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Narella virgosa, holotype: A, stereo view of a whorl. BD, stereo views of lateral, adaxial, and opercular aspects of a polyp. E, outer surface of basal scale. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scale. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614991/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 13B, G</figureCitation>
) are
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in length and quite broad, wrapping around most of the polyp; they also bear a series of low radiating longitudinal ridges, and their distal edge is rounded, forming a short cowl of about
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over the opercular crown. The ratio of the major body wall scales is thus: 1: 0.7: 0.85. There is one pair of large (each up to
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in width), roughly rectangular adaxial buccal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF4FFDE74346C2645E4F9C1" box="[623,726,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1803,1828]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Narella virgosa, holotype: A, stereo view of a whorl. BD, stereo views of lateral, adaxial, and opercular aspects of a polyp. E, outer surface of basal scale. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scale. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614991/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
), below which the polyp is naked, probably to facilitate bending of the polyp toward the branch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF4FFDE76966C9E442EF8B9" blockId="26.[151,1437,621,1943]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
The abaxial opercular scales are symmetrical,
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in length, and have an L:W of about 1.4. The outer and inner lateral operculars are similar in size and shape,
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in length, slightly asymmetrical (having a small adaxial lateral lobe), and an L:W of about 1.7. The adaxial operculars are small (0.81.0 mm in length), symmetrical, and have an L:W of about 2.0. All opercular scales (
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Fig.
<date id="FFA783A9FFF4FFDE75D36CF2449CF895" box="[904,942,1773,1799]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2013-01">13I</date>
</figureCitation>
) bear a short longitudinal keel on the distal third of their inner surface; their outer surface is granular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF4FFDE769C6D2A4662F805" blockId="26.[151,1437,621,1943]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
The coenenchymal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF4FFDE77AC6D2A4566F8DD" box="[503,596,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1803,1828]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[174,1414,179,1766]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Narella virgosa, holotype: A, stereo view of a whorl. BD, stereo views of lateral, adaxial, and opercular aspects of a polyp. E, outer surface of basal scale. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scale. I, opercular scales. J, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614991/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13J</figureCitation>
) are flat and elongate (up to
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in length, with an L:W = 36), each usually bearing one of more longitudinal ridges, these ridges sometimes up to
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in height and thus resembling sail scales.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF66F5E1FFF5FFDF76CC6D14451DF8F9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614991/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,250,1803,1828]" targetBox="[174,1414,179,1766]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF5FFDF76CC6D14451DF8F9" blockId="27.[151,1436,1803,1900]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF76CC6D144612F8B6" bold="true" box="[151,288,1803,1828]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF5FFDF777D6D1346F6F8B6" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[294,452,1804,1828]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgosa">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF777D6D1346F6F8B6" box="[294,452,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Narella virgosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype:
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF746D6D14457AF8B6" bold="true" box="[566,584,1803,1828]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
, stereo view of a whorl.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF751F6D134446F8B6" bold="true" box="[836,884,1804,1828]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">BD</emphasis>
, stereo views of lateral, adaxial, and opercular aspects of a polyp.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF77546D2F4612F8DA" bold="true" box="[271,288,1840,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
, outer surface of basal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF740E6D2F4556F8DA" bold="true" box="[597,612,1840,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">F</emphasis>
, medial scales.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF75516D30442CF8DA" bold="true" box="[778,798,1839,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">G</emphasis>
, buccal scales.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF759A6D2F44E7F8DA" bold="true" box="[961,981,1840,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H</emphasis>
, adaxial buccal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF72E46D2F43FBF8DA" bold="true" box="[1215,1225,1840,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">I</emphasis>
, opercular scales.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF73D26D2F42A4F8DA" bold="true" box="[1417,1430,1840,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">J</emphasis>
, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF5FFD8769C6D8545EEFEF5" blockId="27.[151,1436,1946,2045]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,153,467]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF769C6D854654F827" bold="true" box="[199,358,1946,1973]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Comparisons</emphasis>
. When compared to other
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF5FFDF74C96D8545D5F826" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[658,743,1946,1972]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF74C96D8545D5F826" box="[658,743,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Narella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in the closely adjacent Hawaiian Islands (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFF5FFDF736D6D85462FF84B" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M." pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="83 - 115" refId="ref27926" refString="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M. (2007) A review of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts: the genus Narella Gray, 1870. Pacific Science, 62 (1), 83 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 1534 - 6188 (2008) 62 [83: AROTOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Cairns &amp; Bayer 2007</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF5FFDF776A6DA146D2F84A" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[305,480,1982,2008]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgosa">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF776A6DA146D2F84A" box="[305,480,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Narella virgosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF5FFDF74A86DA04343F84B" authority="Cairns &amp; Bayer, 2007" authorityName="Cairns &amp; Bayer" authorityYear="2007" box="[755,1137,1982,2009]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muzikae">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF74A86DA04443F84A" box="[755,881,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">N. muzikae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFF5FFDF75236DA14343F84B" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M." box="[888,1137,1982,2009]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="83 - 115" refId="ref27926" refString="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M. (2007) A review of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts: the genus Narella Gray, 1870. Pacific Science, 62 (1), 83 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 1534 - 6188 (2008) 62 [83: AROTOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Cairns &amp; Bayer, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly in the ridging of the basal and coenenchymal scales. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF5FFDF74996DFC4404F86E" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[706,822,2019,2045]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgosa">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF74996DFC45E7F86E" box="[706,725,2019,2044]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF5FFDF74B86DFC4404F86E" box="[739,822,2019,2044]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">virgosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from that species in having non-ridged adaxial buccal scales, fewer polyps per whorl, non-ridged outer surface of opercular scales, larger polyps, and by occurring in much deeper water. Within the larger Indo-Pacific region,
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF2FFD875636AA14499FF45" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[824,939,189,215]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgosa">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF2FFD875636AA14479FF45" box="[824,843,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF2FFD875036AA14499FF45" box="[856,939,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">virgosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF2FFD8722D6AA142AAFF4A" authority="(Versluys, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1142,1432,189,216]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF2FFD8722D6AA143E5FF45" box="[1142,1239,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">N. parva</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFF2FFD872BE6AA242A2FF4A" author="Versluys, J." box="[1253,1424,189,216]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref29267" refString="Versluys, J. (1906) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga - Expedition. II. Die Primnoidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 13 a, 1 - 187." type="book chapter" year="1906">Versluys, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, known from
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF2FFD877726AFE46A4FF69" box="[297,406,225,251]" name="Indonesia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF2FFD877966AFE4556FF69" box="[461,612,225,251]" name="New Zealand" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
at
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(see
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFF2FFD8750A6AFE44EFFF69" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[849,989,225,251]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref27497" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2012) New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part 1. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa. NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs, 126, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="2012">Cairns 2012</bibRefCitation>
), but differs in having lyrate branching, fewer polyps per whorl, and small polyps. The lyrate nature of the branching of
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF2FFD8724F6B1A43F0FE8D" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[1044,1218,261,287]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgosa">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF2FFD8724F6B1A43F0FE8D" box="[1044,1218,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Narella virgosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shared with only four other species in the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFF2FFD8745B6B364431FED1" author="Taylor, M. L. &amp; Rogers, A. D." box="[512,771,297,323]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="70 - 97" refId="ref29067" refString="Taylor, M. L. &amp; Rogers, A. D. (2017) Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) of the SW Indian Ocean: new species, genus revisions and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 181, 70 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 003" type="journal article" year="2017">Taylor &amp; Rogers 2017</bibRefCitation>
), but that of
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF2FFD875CE6B364376FED1" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[917,1092,297,323]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgosa">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF2FFD875CE6B364376FED1" box="[917,1092,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Narella virgosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is so profusely branched as to considered bushy, and may be unique for the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF2FFD8769C6B6E43CEFE19" box="[199,1276,369,395]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF2FFD8769C6B6E43CEFE19" blockId="28.[151,1436,153,467]" box="[199,1276,369,395]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF2FFD8769C6B6E4606FE19" bold="true" box="[199,308,369,395]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF2FFD8772F6B6E46E4FE19" box="[372,470,369,395]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was host to several large, orange-red ophiocanthid ophiuroids (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF2FFD872C56B6E43DFFE19" box="[1182,1261,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF2FFD8769C6B8B47C1FE41" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF2FFD8769C6B8B47C1FE41" blockId="28.[151,1436,153,467]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF2FFD8769C6B8B466BFE3D" bold="true" box="[199,345,404,431]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution</emphasis>
. Midway Island, off
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF2FFD874176B8A45C3FE3D" box="[588,753,405,431]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Johnston Atoll</collectingCountry>
and Musician Seamounts north of Hawaiian Islands,
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>