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<document id="A76EC0FBA048CCA5D3C72441B4136F3F" ID-CLB-Dataset="27764" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3fb460f-20b4-4c62-98ea-a07d901bbfc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2614967" ID-ZooBank="4E9D0908-0933-48AF-A6ED-F3B8D39E8994" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553787614041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D." docDate="2018" docId="03B0147FFFE9FFCD76CC68A545C3FF45" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Calyptrophora lyra Cairns 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF896C07FFEEFFC4765B6A1F4732FF92" masterDocTitle="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698714965598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FADDF59230561FAF60E215CA37DA320B">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E8F37A11B89A0FAE99B6634290DF12CB">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CE405F37EFE8CC1BED8A5BF52EA5FE3B">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B0147FFFE9FFCD76CC68A545C3FF45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951501" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951501" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFE9FFCD76CC68A545C3FF45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0147FFFE9FFCD76CC68A545C3FF45" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE9FFC376CC68A546FDFD46" box="[151,463,698,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFC376CC68A546FDFD46" blockId="7.[151,463,698,760]" box="[151,463,698,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0EE1205FFE9FFC376CC68A546FDFD46" bold="true" box="[151,463,698,725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC376CC68A546FDFD46" bold="true" box="[151,463,698,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC376CC68A5464CFD47" ID-CoL="6999D" authority="Cairns, 2018" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,382,698,725]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lyra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC376CC68A5464CFD47" bold="true" box="[151,382,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Calyptrophora lyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EC400FFE9FFC377D768A546FDFD46" box="[396,463,698,724]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE9FFC376CC68C14674FD6A" box="[151,326,734,760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFC376CC68C14674FD6A" blockId="7.[151,463,698,760]" box="[151,326,734,760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC376CC68C147CAFD6A" box="[151,248,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC3775F68C14622FD6A" box="[260,272,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</figureCitation>
A–L
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE9FFC376CC6939433CFCD2" box="[151,1038,806,833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFC376CC6939433CFCD2" blockId="7.[151,1437,806,2021]" box="[151,1038,806,833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC376CC6939462AFCD2" bold="true" box="[151,280,806,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC3772569394699FCD2" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[382,427,806,832]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lyra">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC3772569394699FCD2" box="[382,427,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">lyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Greek for lyre) in allusion to the lyrate colony shape.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE9FFC3769C695546CEFC3F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFC3769C69554378FC1B" blockId="7.[151,1437,806,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC3769C695546DDFCF6" bold="true" box="[199,495,841,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type and Type Locality</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFE9FFC3745969554378FC1B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117761611" collectingDate="1606-02-10" collectingDateMax="2392" collectingDateMin="1606-02-10" collectionCode="SEM" country="Wake Island" elevation="1409" location="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="USNM 1424218" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE9FFC374596955455DFCF6" box="[514,623,842,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: colony and
<collectionCode id="ED083DACFFE9FFC3755069554477FCF6" box="[779,837,842,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SEM</collectionCode>
stubs
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE9FFC375CD69554320FCF6" box="[918,1042,842,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2389" valueMax="2392">
<date id="FFA783A9FFE9FFC375CD69554320FCF6" box="[918,1042,842,868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2389" valueMax="2392">2389-2392</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFE9FFC37279695543D7FCF6" box="[1058,1253,842,868]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">USNM 1424218</specimenCode>
. Type Locality:
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC376CC6970478BFC1A" box="[151,185,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">EX</emphasis>
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFE9FFC376E26971460CFC1A" box="[185,318,878,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1606-02-10">
<date id="FFA783A9FFE9FFC376E26971460CFC1A" box="[185,318,878,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1606-02-10">1606-10-02</date>
</collectingDate>
, 18.4705˚N, 166.680˚E (guyot
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC374C6697245D6FC1A" box="[669,740,877,904]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
south of
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE9FFC37517697144E9FC1B" box="[844,987,878,905]" name="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Wake Island</collectingCountry>
),
<elevation id="0034425AFFE9FFC375B569714374FC1B" box="[1006,1094,878,905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.409" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1409.0">
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC375B569714374FC1B" box="[1006,1094,878,905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.409" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1409.0">1409 m</quantity>
</elevation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFC3769C698E46CEFC3F" blockId="7.[151,1437,806,2021]" box="[199,508,913,941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC3769C698E469DFC3E" bold="true" box="[199,431,913,940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material Examined</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE9FFC377E6698C46CAFC3F" box="[445,504,915,941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE9FFCC769C69AA432FFE8D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFC3769C69AA45DFFB3A" blockId="7.[151,1437,806,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC3769C69AA4663FC42" bold="true" box="[199,337,949,976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE9FFC377CE69A946C5FC42" box="[405,503,950,976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is uniplanar and distinctly lyrate in branching, although only a part of the colony (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC376FB69C547C6FC66" box="[160,244,986,1012]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) was collected and
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC3778869C4452AFC66" box="[467,536,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in situ</emphasis>
photographs do not show the entire colony; the holotypic colony fragment measures
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC3768C69E1462EFB8B" box="[215,284,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="22.0">22 cm</quantity>
in length. Long (up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC3744069E14552FB8B" box="[539,608,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
in length) unbranched branchlets originate on the main branch at intervals of
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC376EC6E3D4601FBAF" box="[183,307,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="14.0">14–19 mm</quantity>
, these branchlets growing parallel to one another in a plane. Polyps are directed downward and are arranged in whorls of four, being fairly closely spaced (3.5–4 whorls/ cm), the whorl diameter being
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC373556E5A42ABFBF3" box="[1294,1433,1093,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.9" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.3 mm</quantity>
. Individual polyps are
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC377D56E754524FB17" box="[398,534,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.8 mm</quantity>
in horizontal length, the contracted opercular scales pointing downward toward the branch. The polyps are orange; the axis is bronze.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFC3769C6EAD46E9FA7E" blockId="7.[151,1437,806,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The fused basal scale is
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC377826EAD4552FB5F" box="[473,608,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.9 mm</quantity>
in length, including its two broad, flat, blunt distal teeth (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC372B06EAD427CFB5E" box="[1259,1358,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
, D–F), which constitute
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC377026ECA46CFFB63" box="[345,509,1237,1265]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.55 mm</quantity>
of its length. The inner surface of the distal teeth is covered with several longitudinal, serrate to spinose ridges; the outer surface is uniformly covered with low spines, as is the outer surface of all the sclerites of this species. The articulating ridge is pronounced (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC375D96F01433AFAAB" box="[898,1032,1310,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3D, E</figureCitation>
), and up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC372CA6F0243C4FAAB" box="[1169,1270,1309,1337]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.95">0.95 mm</quantity>
in length. The fused buccal scale (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC3772B6F5D46F5FACE" box="[368,455,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
) is slightly longer (
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC374C46F5D4418FACF" box="[671,810,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.1 mm</quantity>
), terminating in a rounded (not lobate or toothed), finely serrate (serration about 8 µm in height,
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC3740A6F794595FA12" box="[593,679,1382,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
) margin that is produced into a very short cowl encircling the bases of the opercular scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC377FF6F9546CFFA36" box="[420,509,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Both basal and buccal scales have an indication of a sagittal suture. There is one pair of prominent (up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC377F56FB24521FA5B" box="[430,531,1453,1481]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
in maximum height), curved infrabasal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC372706FB14345FA5A" box="[1067,1143,1454,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
A–B, I–J), which meet on the abaxial side of the polyp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFC3769C6FE9469DF932" blockId="7.[151,1437,806,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The operculum (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC377256FE946E0F982" box="[382,466,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) is relatively low, the opercular scales being thin, flat, and triangular in shape. The symmetrical abaxial operculars measure
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC374766C0645FDF9A7" box="[557,719,1561,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.115" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="1.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.115" valueMax="1.15" valueMin="1.08">1.08–1.15 mm</quantity>
in length and have an L:W of 1.4–1.5. The slightly asymmetrical lateral operculars measure 0.9–1.0 mm in length and have an L:W of 1.5–1.65. The symmetrical adaxial operculars measure about
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC377646C7E4691F9EF" box="[319,419,1633,1661]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
in length, with an L:W of 1.15–1.35. All operculars (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC375AA6C7D4375F9EE" box="[1009,1095,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
) have a low longitudinal ridge on their distal inner face.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFC3769C6CB5424FF97A" blockId="7.[151,1437,806,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The coenenchymal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFE9FFC377AA6CB54576F956" box="[497,580,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1388,314,1869]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Calyptrophora lyra, holotype: A–C, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp. D, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge. E–F, spines of basal scales. G, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale. H, serrate margin of a buccal scale. I, infrabasal scale in situ. J, an infrabasal scale. K, opercular scales. L, coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
) are flat and irregular in shape, up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC375BB6CB64307F957" box="[992,1077,1705,1733]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in greater length.As with all the other scales of this species, they bear a uniform coverage of small spines that are not arranged in lines or ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE9FFCC769C6CEE432FFE8D" blockId="7.[151,1437,806,2021]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,153,287]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC3769C6CEE4654F89E" bold="true" box="[199,358,1777,1804]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Comparisons</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC377236CED4564F89E" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[376,598,1778,1804]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lyra">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC377236CED4564F89E" box="[376,598,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Calyptrophora lyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC375486CED4458F89E" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1885" box="[787,874,1778,1804]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC375486CED4458F89E" box="[787,874,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">wyvillei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex (
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC3721C6CEC43B7F89E" box="[1095,1157,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE9FFC372CB6CEC4229F89E" author="Bayer, F. M." box="[1168,1307,1778,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="367 - 380" refId="ref26986" refString="Bayer, F. M. (2001) New species of Calyptrophora (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Primnoidae) from the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114 (2), 367 - 380." type="journal article" year="2001">Bayer 2001</bibRefCitation>
), including eight to nine species that have their polyps oriented as facing downward (see key, couplet 1’):
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC3729C6D0847FDF8C6" authority="Wright, 1885" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1885" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wyvillei">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC3729C6D084272F8A2" box="[1223,1344,1814,1841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. wyvillei</emphasis>
Wright, 1885
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE9FFC376856D25464AF8C6" box="[222,376,1850,1876]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, Hawaii),
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC377B76D2444A4F8C7" authority="Studer, 1894" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1894" box="[492,918,1850,1877]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agassizii">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC377B76D24455CF8C6" box="[492,622,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. agassizii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE9FFC3742E6D254431F8C6" author="Studer, T." box="[629,771,1850,1876]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="53 - 69" refId="ref29037" refString="Studer, T. (1894) Note preliminaire sur les Alcyonaires. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 25 (5), 53 - 69." type="journal article" year="1894">Studer, 1894</bibRefCitation>
(Galápagos)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC375FA6D244211F8C7" authority="Cairns, 2018" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[929,1315,1850,1877]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reedi">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC375FA6D2444C9F8C6" box="[929,1019,1850,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. reedi</emphasis>
Cairns, 2018 (Galápagos)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC373756D244606F8EA" authority="Cairns, 2007 a" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2007" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clinata">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC373756D2442AEF8C6" box="[1326,1436,1850,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. clinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE9FFC376CC6D414606F8EA" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[151,308,1886,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref27198" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2007 a) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Gorgonacea: Primnoidae). Part 8. New records of Primnoidae from the New England and Corner Rise Seamounts. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120 (3), 243 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2007) 120 [243: SOWAOG] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Cairns, 2007a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(New
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE9FFC377D86D4146D2F8EA" box="[387,480,1886,1912]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">England</collectingCountry>
Seamounts),
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC374276D404493F8EA" authority="Cairns, 2012" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2012" box="[636,929,1886,1913]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC374276D40443BF8EA" box="[636,777,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. diaphana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE9FFC3754A6D414493F8EA" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[785,929,1886,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref27497" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2012) New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part 1. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa. NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs, 126, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="2012">Cairns, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE9FFC375EA6D41437FF8EA" box="[945,1101,1886,1912]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFE9FFC372016D4143DBF8EB" box="[1114,1257,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.965" metricValueMax="11.129999999999999" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="896.5" valueMax="1113.0" valueMin="680.0">680–1113 m</quantity>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC372A46D40424AF8EA" authority="Cairns, 2018" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[1279,1400,1886,1913]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="distolos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC372A46D40424AF8EA" box="[1279,1400,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. distolos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EC400FFE9FFC373DC6D404785F80F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE9FFC3769C6D9D46BEF80E" box="[199,396,1922,1948]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE9FFC3779D6D9D453DF80E" box="[454,527,1922,1948]" name="Guam" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guam</collectingCountry>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC374786D9C4596F80E" authority="Cairns, 2018" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[547,676,1923,1949]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carinata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC374786D9C4596F80E" box="[547,676,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. carinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EC400FFE9FFC374E86D9C45C3F80F" box="[691,753,1923,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Musicians Seamounts),
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC372496D9C4353F80E" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[1042,1121,1922,1949]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lyra">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC372496D9C4353F80E" box="[1042,1121,1922,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. lyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC373D86D9C46A3F852" authority="Cairns, 2012" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2012" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="inornata">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC373D86D9C47C5F852" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. inornata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFE9FFC3775B6DB946A3F852" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[256,401,1958,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref27497" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2012) New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part 1. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa. NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs, 126, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="2012">Cairns, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFE9FFC377FA6DB9450FF852" box="[417,573,1958,1984]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, some of which are keyed in Cairns 2009). The new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC376EF6DD4460DF876" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2012" box="[180,319,1994,2021]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC376EF6DD4460DF876" box="[180,319,1994,2021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. diaphana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both being lyrate in growth form and having very similar buccal scales, but
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE9FFC372FF6DD4421DF876" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2012" box="[1188,1327,1994,2021]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="diaphana">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE9FFC372FF6DD4421DF876" box="[1188,1327,1994,2021]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. diaphana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having: larger polyps; a much larger buccal cowl; basal scales that project well beyond the attachment to the buccals as a continuous only slightly indented single lobe, not as two broad teeth; only one (not a pair) abaxial opercular scale that is almost circular in shape (L:W less than 1); in general, stouter opercular scales; more elongate, almost rectangular, coenenchymal scales; and, in general, two pairs of infrabasal scales.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF66F5E1FFE6FFCC76CC6D4546A5F84C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614973/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,250,1882,1907]" targetBox="[173,1388,314,1869]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE6FFCC76CC6D4546A5F84C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1882,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC76CC6D454626F8E1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1882,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFE6FFCC77406D4546D3F8E0" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2018" box="[283,481,1882,1906]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Calyptrophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lyra">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC77406D4546D3F8E0" box="[283,481,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Calyptrophora lyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype:
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC740D6D4545B5F8E1" bold="true" box="[598,647,1882,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A–C</emphasis>
, stereo views of abaxial, lateral, and adaxial sides of a polyp.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC735C6D44422BF8E1" bold="true" box="[1287,1305,1883,1907]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
, stereo view of inner face of a basal scale showing the articular ridge.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC74B86D604422F805" bold="true" box="[739,784,1919,1943]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">E–F</emphasis>
, spines of basal scales.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC725D6D614328F805" bold="true" box="[1030,1050,1918,1943]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G</emphasis>
, lateral and adaxial views of a buccal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC768D6DBC47D8F829" bold="true" box="[214,234,1955,1979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H</emphasis>
, serrate margin of a buccal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC74656DBC457AF829" bold="true" box="[574,584,1955,1979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">I</emphasis>
, infrabasal scale
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC74AD6DBC4407F828" box="[758,821,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC751B6DBC447FF829" bold="true" box="[832,845,1955,1979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">J</emphasis>
, an infrabasal scale.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC72446DBC4301F829" bold="true" box="[1055,1075,1955,1979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">K</emphasis>
, opercular scales.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE6FFCC72B66DBC4236F829" bold="true" box="[1261,1284,1955,1979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L,</emphasis>
coenenchymal scales. Scale bars in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFE7FFCD769C6A8645C3FF45" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFE7FFCD769C6A8645C3FF45" blockId="9.[199,1305,153,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE7FFCD769C6A864606FF21" bold="true" box="[199,308,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
. During collection, the polyps of the colony were being grazed by a large orange seastar.
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFE7FFCD769C6AA3466BFF45" bold="true" box="[199,345,188,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFE7FFCD743B6AA245A2FF45" box="[608,656,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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