plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/A9/B1/03A9B15AFFA37E70FF06B6C0FA5DFD8B.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

296 lines
51 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="ABDEAD3489468C6A04904284F2552BC3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188258" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ecf1b67f-a429-4196-8fb4-a92315649bac" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188258" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461085630159" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schwendinger, Peter J." docDate="2009" docId="03A9B15AFFA37E70FF06B6C0FA5DFD8B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02126p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2126" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger 1989" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF90C922FFA77E77FF91B657FFC1FFD0" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the genus Phyxioschema (Araneae, Dipluridae), I: species from Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698588062832" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="848C3D847E17FED9E0A7496BCD59F0B4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A7AE74DE4B7D6E5BA72D9085AADD3440">
<mods:title id="39F1B77B55C4D5979918BE70AF6D41C7">A taxonomic revision of the genus Phyxioschema (Araneae, Dipluridae), I: species from Thailand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="98D7444392DCD7D299A2E919EDF9A00C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E8C1A9F27C47566A47A04C9A65F7DB11">
<mods:roleTerm id="02A014BB2472F7E0862AF54254DCC8E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0E5E0B54B9A657332A493FCC4ECA7927">Schwendinger, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="D2766C8B0E17F670B2C0B10573896746">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A466C0C371C0BBAFC63BCC6BDE2AB7FB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F0D83CFB480FB3EEB3683F761EE8425A">
<mods:title id="85BD27434896137B55C7EDA42825E56A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="23B7A6C5473EEFE3913B277298A2335A">
<mods:date id="5F846BB9B5B1FB950DA69CD6B63DCB89">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="874A05F2CCFA9FA3FB1A69F7BDE2D517" type="volume">
<mods:number id="130332DD73952C6A6E6AF31B6674EBB5">2126</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="2253E61781657DF5551E232395DF78D1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="AD915203F84D5D65172505FA5099E370">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5ADCBFF225661CC3BBB6A6D7DD3B394B">40</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="5B6499D3640966F8CE44903AEEFBF3F6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5065A176692C01CF4F7B49FB6B3A452D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188258</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FA5DF3DE92CB4C3DB59CB7DA0762E59C" type="GBIF-Dataset">ecf1b67f-a429-4196-8fb4-a92315649bac</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="608B212CB44E97675EBA49688DCAB9A1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31C454183E341506DEAC822F1165BFF5" type="Zenodo-Dep">188258</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A9B15AFFA37E70FF06B6C0FA5DFD8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119619600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9B15AFFA37E70FF06B6C0FA5DFD8B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9B15AFFA37E70FF06B6C0FA5DFD8B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C31A53C7FFA37E73FF06B6C0FE42FF04" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA37E73FF06B6C0FC82FF61" blockId="4.[151,835,151,212]" box="[151,835,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0F7B720FFA37E73FF06B6C0FC82FF61" bold="true" box="[151,835,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA37E73FF06B6C0FC82FF61" authority="Raven &amp; Schwendinger, 1989" authorityName="Raven &amp; Schwendinger" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,835,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FF06B6C0FC82FF61" bold="true" box="[151,835,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FF06B6C0FE0CFF61" bold="true" box="[151,461,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phyxioschema suthepium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA37E73FE45B6C0FC82FF61" author="Raven" box="[468,835,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1989) On a new Phyxioschema (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) from Thailand and its biology. Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 8 (2), 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="1989">Raven &amp; Schwendinger, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA37E73FF06B6EDFE42FF04" blockId="4.[151,835,151,212]" box="[151,387,186,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA37E73FF06B6EDFEE4FF04" box="[151,293,186,212]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2 A – D" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId-0="4.[151,254,1533,1557]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox-0="[266,1320,405,1505]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[264,1323,405,1508]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2 A – D. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger, male from the type locality. A. Femur I, retrodorsal view. B. Femur II, proventral view. C. Palp, retrolateral view. D. Tibia II, prolateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/188260/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 2–3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA37E73FEA0B6EDFE42FF04" box="[305,387,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 22 A – I" captionStartId="37.[151,257,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,575,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,545,1677]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22 A – I. Phyxioschema erawan sp. n. (A), P. suthepium (B – C) and P. sp ela eum sp. n. (D – I). A, D. Female, habitus. B. Teak plantation near Chiang Mai. C. Web on floor of teak plantation, retreat in soil (see arrow). E. Twilight zone of Sra Yuan Thong Cave. F. Web at base of dry limestone column, retreat in hole (see large arrow), three egg sacs suspended in web (see small arrows). G. Male, habitus. H. Mating pair, dorsal view (male on top of female). I. Mating pair, frontal view (note retrolateral side of patella I of male in contact with prolateral side of its tibia II)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188280/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">22B–C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A53C7FFA37E72FF06B75FFC00FF2F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA37E73FF06B75FFD0BFE8F" blockId="4.[151,1436,264,351]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB102762FFA37E73FF06B75FFD0BFE8F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA37E73FF06B75FFCC3FECF" authority="Raven &amp; Schwendinger, 1989: 56" authorityName="Raven &amp; Schwendinger" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,770,264,287]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepia">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FF06B75FFE53FECF" box="[151,402,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phyxioschema suthepia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA1265DFFA37E73FE09B75FFCC3FECF" author="Raven" box="[408,770,264,287]" page="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA37E73FE09B75FFD1DFECF" author="Raven" box="[408,732,264,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1989) On a new Phyxioschema (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) from Thailand and its biology. Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 8 (2), 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="1989">Raven &amp; Schwendinger, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 56
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–59, figs 1–10 (description of male and female).
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA37E73FF06B77FFDAEFEEF" authority="Platnick 1993: 91" authorityName="Platnick" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,623,296,319]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FF06B77FFE65FEEF" box="[151,420,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phyxioschema suthepium</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AA1265DFFA37E73FE22B77FFDAEFEEF" author="Platnick" box="[435,623,296,319]" page="91" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA37E73FE22B77FFD8BFEEF" author="Platnick" box="[435,586,296,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Platnick, N. I. (1993) Advances in spider taxonomy 1988 - 1991, with synonymies and transfers 1940 - 1980. New York Entomological Society &amp; American Museum of Natural History, New York, 846 pp." type="book chapter" year="1993">Platnick 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 91
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(mandatory change of species name ending);
<treatmentCitation id="0AA1265DFFA37E73FBCBB77FFF31FE8F" author="Raven" page="639" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA37E73FBCBB77FFA59FEEF" author="Raven" box="[1114,1432,296,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1995) Three new mygalomorph spider genera from Thailand and China (Araneae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38 (2), 623 - 641." type="journal article" year="1995">Raven &amp; Schwendinger 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 639
</treatmentCitation>
–640, fig. 11A–F (emendation of diagnosis).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F50C4FFA37E73FF06B3AAFB8EF9E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188260/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[266,1320,405,1505]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA37E73FF06B3AAFB8EF9E7" blockId="4.[151,1436,1533,1591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FF06B3AAFE8CF9C5" bold="true" box="[151,333,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2A–D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA37E73FEC5B3AAFCAAF9C4" authority="Raven &amp; Schwendinger" authorityName="Raven &amp; Schwendinger" box="[340,875,1533,1556]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FEC5B3AAFDA2F9C4" box="[340,611,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phyxioschema suthepium</emphasis>
Raven &amp; Schwendinger
</taxonomicName>
, male from the type locality. A. Femur I, retrodorsal view. B. Femur II, proventral view. C. Palp, retrolateral view. D. Tibia II, prolateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA37E72FF54B032FC00FF2F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1637,2011]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,255]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FF54B032FE06F9AF" bold="true" box="[197,455,1637,1663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Emended diagnosis:</emphasis>
This is the smallest species in the genus. It differs from all known congeners by mostly aspinose leg tarsi in both sexes (usually only one retrolateral spine present on tarsus IV). Males with palpal tibia (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA37E73FEBFB0E5FE4BF91C" box="[302,394,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – D" captionStartId="4.[151,254,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,405,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,405,1508]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – D. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger, male from the type locality. A. Femur I, retrodorsal view. B. Femur II, proventral view. C. Palp, retrolateral view. D. Tibia II, prolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188260/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) relatively shorter and stouter than in other
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA37E73FC0BB0E4FB87F91C" box="[922,1094,1715,1740]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FC0BB0E4FB87F91C" box="[922,1094,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phyxioschema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species; all leg tarsi integral (not pseudosegmented); tibia I (cylindrical as in all known species from
<collectingCountry id="F31740DCFFA37E73FC6FB08EFBABF923" box="[1022,1130,1753,1779]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thailand</collectingCountry>
) without retroventral and retrolateral spines, a condition otherwise only found in
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FCB1B157FC79F8C9" box="[800,952,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. s a y a m e n s e</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA37E73FC52B0A8FBC4F8C9" bold="true" box="[963,1029,1791,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. n.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA37E73FB84B157FB42F8CA" box="[1045,1155,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 13 A – L" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[266,1337,482,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[224,1381,429,1710]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13 A – L. Phyxioschema sayamense sp. n., female &quot; allotype &quot; (A) and male holotype (B – L). A – B. Eye region, dorsal view. C. Maxillae, labium and sternum, ventral view. D. Palp, ventral view. E. Palpal bulb, retrolateral view. F. Patella I, retrolateral view. G. Tibia I and distal part of patella I, ventral view. H. Tibia II, ventral view. I. Metatarsus II, prolateral view. J. Same, ventral view. K. Same, retrolateral view. L. Same, distal view. All scale lines 1.0 mm; A – B, D – E, G – L to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188271/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 13G</figureCitation>
); patella I with a row of two to (mostly) three short, sigmoid spines retroventrally and with a triangular, scale-like projection on its retrolateral margin (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA37E73FE18B11AFE26F8B7" box="[393,487,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
; not mentioned in the original description but indistinctly visible in one of the illustrations in there, see
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA37E73FE5FB123FCFDF85E" author="Raven" box="[462,828,1908,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1989) On a new Phyxioschema (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) from Thailand and its biology. Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 8 (2), 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="1989">Raven &amp; Schwendinger 1989</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1; this structure presumably further supports interlocking of legs I and II during copulation); retrodorsal band of hooked spinules on femur I quite short and wide (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA37E73FF73B196FE82F80B" box="[226,323,1985,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – D" captionStartId="4.[151,254,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,405,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,405,1508]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – D. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger, male from the type locality. A. Femur I, retrodorsal view. B. Femur II, proventral view. C. Palp, retrolateral view. D. Tibia II, prolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188260/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); proventral band of such spinules on femur II long and narrow (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA37E73FBC1B196FB71F80B" box="[1104,1200,1985,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – D" captionStartId="4.[151,254,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,405,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,405,1508]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – D. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger, male from the type locality. A. Femur I, retrodorsal view. B. Femur II, proventral view. C. Palp, retrolateral view. D. Tibia II, prolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188260/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); prolateral band of elongated spinules on tibia II strongly curved and distinctly inclined from longitudinal axis of tibia (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA27E72FAA1B6CFFA4EFF62" box="[1328,1423,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2 A – D" captionStartId="4.[151,254,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,405,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,405,1508]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 A – D. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger, male from the type locality. A. Femur I, retrodorsal view. B. Femur II, proventral view. C. Palp, retrolateral view. D. Tibia II, prolateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188260/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Females with strongly convoluted stalks of the median and secondary receptacles and with basally wide (without a constriction), unsclerotised lateral receptacles (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA27E72FCACB6B2FC75FF2F" box="[829,948,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3A–I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7F50C4FFA27E72FF06B100FB15F806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA27E72FF06B100FB15F806" blockId="5.[151,1436,1879,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA27E72FF06B100FE8EF8BF" bold="true" box="[151,335,1879,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3A–L.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA27E72FEC6B10FFC5BF8BE" authority="Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A" authorityName="Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A" box="[343,922,1879,1903]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA27E72FEC6B10FFDAAF8BF" box="[343,619,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phyxioschema suthepium</emphasis>
Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A
</taxonomicName>
–I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H–I. Ko Samet (two different females). J–K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A–I), 0.5 mm (J–L); J–K to same scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31A53C7FFA17E71FF57B6C0FA85FC5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA17E71FF57B6C0FD76FEF2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FF57B6C0FEBBFF61" bold="true" box="[198,378,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Relationships:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FE14B6CFFD72FF61" box="[389,691,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FE14B6CFFD72FF61" box="[389,691,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phyxioschema suthepium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FBD7B6CFFB01FF61" box="[1094,1216,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FBD7B6CFFB01FF61" box="[1094,1216,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. erawan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FB5DB6C0FAD3FF61" bold="true" box="[1228,1298,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2476125FFA17E71FB5DB6C0FAD3FF61" box="[1228,1298,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
These two species are quite small, possess metatarsal preening combs, have unsclerotised lateral receptacular bases, live on the ground (cf. the other
<collectingCountry id="F31740DCFFA17E71FE4FB6B5FDD5FF2C" box="[478,532,226,252]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thai</collectingCountry>
species on limestone) and occur in geographical proximity to each other (see
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FF06B75FFF1AFEF2" box="[151,219,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[286,1294,191,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[258,1322,165,1775]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Records of Phyxioschema in Thailand (species names given in parentheses). 1. Between Chiang Dao and Chai Prakan (P. erawan sp. n.). 2. Pha Yao (P. suthepium). 3. Doi Suthep, Ban Mae Hia, Chiang Mai (type locality) and Ban On Luai (all P. s u t h e p i u m). 4. Doi Khuntan (P. suthepium). 5. Mae Sariang (P. s u t h ep iu m). 6. Sop Moei (P. suthepium). 7. Lam Nam Nan (P. suthepium). 8. Khlong Lan (P. suthepium). 9. Khao No (P. s u t h e p i u m). 10. Khao Phanom Sawai (P. suthepium). 11. Ko Samet (P. s u t h e p i u m). 12. Si Racha (P. s ut hep iu m). 13. Sai Yok (P. suthepium). 14. Phrathat Cave (type locality; P. erawan sp. n.). 15. Khao Sam Roi Yot (P. huberi sp. n.). 16. Khao Sok (P. s a y a m e n s e sp. n.). 17. Pha Phueng Cave (P. eripnastes sp. n.). 18. Sra Yuan Thong Cave (P. spelaeum sp. n.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188259/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, localities 2–13 and 1, 14, respectively).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA17E71FF57B77AFD61FD20" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FF57B77AFE82FE97" bold="true" box="[198,323,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Variation:</emphasis>
Intraspecific and within-population variation in the shape of the female genitalia examined is quite large (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FEB7B703FE5EFEBE" box="[294,415,340,366]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A–I</figureCitation>
). The number of receptacles per spermathecal trunk varies from two (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FB71B703FAFFFEBE" box="[1248,1342,340,366]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) to five (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FF31B72DFF37FE44" box="[160,246,378,404]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Fig.
<date id="FFBE268CFFA17E71FF4BB72DFF37FE44" box="[218,246,378,404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3I</date>
</figureCitation>
). Females from southern populations generally have more secondary receptacles than those from northern populations; those from Chiang Mai Province usually have none at all. The spermathecal trunks are mostly quite narrow and more or less distinctly inclined from each other (most distinctly so in females from northern populations;
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FE35B7B9FDE6FDD8" box="[420,551,494,520]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A–E</figureCitation>
); only in one female from Ko Samet (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FC66B7B9FB8AFDD8" box="[1015,1099,494,520]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Fig.
<date id="FFBE268CFFA17E71FBA0B7B9FB8AFDD8" box="[1073,1099,494,520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3I</date>
</figureCitation>
) are they wide. However, a second female examined from Ko Samet possesses quite typical genitalia (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FC6EB442FB9CFDFF" box="[1023,1117,533,559]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
). All females from Ban On Luai examined (n=4) have the base of the lateral receptacle constricted to a neck (as shown in
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FB64B46BFAB0FD86" box="[1269,1393,572,598]" captionStart="FIGURE 7 A – H" captionStartId="11.[151,256,1779,1803]" captionTargetBox="[152,1317,645,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,645,1808]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7 A – H. Phyxioschema erawan sp. n., spermathecae of eight female paratypes (C = &quot; allotype &quot;), dorsal view. A – D. Specimens from the type locality (southern population). E – H. Specimens from between Chiang Dao and Chai Prakan (northern population). All scale lines 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188265/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7A–B</figureCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FF06B435FECDFDAB" box="[151,268,610,635]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FF06B435FECDFDAB" box="[151,268,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. erawan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FE85B435FE96FDAC" bold="true" box="[276,343,610,636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2476125FFA17E71FE85B435FE96FDAC" box="[276,343,610,636]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
); they also lack secondary receptacles. Variation in size and shape of palpal bulbs is high in males from the same population at Sai Yok (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FD33B4DEFCDAFD73" box="[674,795,649,675]" captionStart="FIGURE 3 A – L" captionStartId="5.[151,256,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[153,1395,411,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,313,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 A – L. Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &amp; Schwendinger. A – I. Spermathecae of nine females from various populations: A. Chiang Mai (type locality). B. Doi Khuntan. C. Sop Moei. D. Khao No. E. Khao Phanom Sawai. F. Sai Yok. G. Si Racha. H – I. Ko Samet (two different females). J – K. Palpal bulbs of two males from Sai Yok. L. Patella I of male from Chiang Mai, retrolateral view. Scale lines 0.1 mm (A – I), 0.5 mm (J – L); J – K to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188261/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3J–K</figureCitation>
; n=4, only extremes illustrated). See also the variation in the shape of the tibia II coupling spur and in the number of the corresponding megaspines illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA17E71FF06B481FD5DFD20" author="Raven" box="[151,668,726,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1995) Three new mygalomorph spider genera from Thailand and China (Araneae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38 (2), 623 - 641." type="journal article" year="1995">Raven &amp; Schwendinger (1995: fig. 11A–D)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA17E71FF54B4AAFA85FC5B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">On metatarsus I, preening combs (composed of two or three stiff setae) are present or absent (often both conditions present on one specimen); metatarsi II–IV always have preening combs. Small males (e.g., from Si Racha and Khao Phanom Sawai) lack spines on tarsus IV, one larger male has a single retrolateral spine also on tarsus III (only on one side), one female has two retrolateral spines on tarsus IV (only on one side).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A53C7FFA17E71FF57B5C0FB2EFB10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA17E71FF57B5C0FB2EFB10" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FF57B5C0FE83FC61" bold="true" box="[198,322,919,945]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA17E71FED9B5CFFC41FC62" author="Raven" box="[328,896,920,946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1995) Three new mygalomorph spider genera from Thailand and China (Araneae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38 (2), 623 - 641." type="journal article" year="1995">Raven &amp; Schwendinger (1995: 639, fig. 11A–D)</bibRefCitation>
corrected a false distinction given in
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA17E71FAA2B5CFFDC9FC08" author="Raven" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1989) On a new Phyxioschema (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) from Thailand and its biology. Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 8 (2), 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="1989">Raven &amp; Schwendinger (1989: 55–56)</bibRefCitation>
: &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FDB3B5E8FD55FC08" box="[546,660,959,984]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raddei">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FDB3B5E8FD55FC08" box="[546,660,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. raddei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possessing two megaspines on the tibial spur of males and
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FA17B5E8FED0FC2E" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FA17B5E8FED0FC2E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. suthepium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
three megaspines&quot;.
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FD90B5B2FD58FC2E" box="[513,665,997,1022]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FD90B5B2FD58FC2E" box="[513,665,997,1022]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. suthepium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males normally also possess two megaspines (as do males of all other known congeners) and only exceptionally three (as unfortunately is the case in the
<typeStatus id="54BBBEEEFFA17E71FB3FB25BFADBFBF6" box="[1198,1306,1036,1062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). A second distinction is also incorrect: &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FE68B265FD50FB9B" box="[505,657,1074,1099]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FE68B265FD50FB9B" box="[505,657,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. suthepium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without foveal setae&quot;. All known
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FBA1B265FB1DFB9B" box="[1072,1244,1074,1099]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FBA1B265FB1DFB9B" box="[1072,1244,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phyxioschema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species possess foveal setae. In some males of
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FE6CB20EFD53FBA2" box="[509,658,1113,1138]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FE6CB20EFD53FBA2" box="[509,658,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. suthepium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these setae are slightly less pronounced (often also situated closer to or even within the fovea) than in
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FDD2B2D7FD6CFB49" box="[579,685,1152,1177]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raddei">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FDD2B2D7FD6CFB49" box="[579,685,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. raddei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females examined (including the
<typeStatus id="54BBBEEEFFA17E71FBD1B2D7FB6BFB4A" box="[1088,1194,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, in which the foveal setae are just anterior to the fovea), but in
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FD14B2F0FCDBFB10" box="[645,794,1191,1216]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FD14B2F0FCDBFB10" box="[645,794,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. suthepium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females they are always clearly visible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A53C7FFA17E70FF57B29AFAEFFEA3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA17E71FF57B29AFCA8F8A8" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FF57B29AFDC8FB37" bold="true" box="[198,521,1229,1255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
This species is widely distributed and locally common in the lowlands of northern, western, central and north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="F31740DCFFA17E71FD0EB2A3FCCAFADE" box="[671,779,1268,1294]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thailand</collectingCountry>
. The highest known locality is Doi (= Mount) Khuntan, at
<specimenCount id="9D06CBC5FFA17E71FF25B34CFEC7FAE5" box="[180,262,1307,1333]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CF8ADA9FFA17E71FF25B34CFEC3FAE5" box="[180,258,1307,1333]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="620.0">620 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FE9FB34CFDF9FAE4" box="[270,568,1307,1332]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FE9FB34CFDF9FAE4" box="[270,568,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phyxioschema suthepium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Chiang Mai (
<typeStatus id="54BBBEEEFFA17E71FC5AB34CFC3EFAE5" box="[971,1023,1307,1333]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
locality) and other localities in the north (
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA17E71FF76B316FD40FA8B" author="Raven" box="[231,641,1345,1371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1989) On a new Phyxioschema (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) from Thailand and its biology. Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 8 (2), 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="1989">Raven &amp; Schwendinger 1989: 56</bibRefCitation>
) and later also reported from areas in central
<collectingCountry id="F31740DCFFA17E71FB20B316FADCFA8B" box="[1201,1309,1345,1371]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA17E71FABCB316FE2FFA52" author="Raven" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1995) Three new mygalomorph spider genera from Thailand and China (Araneae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38 (2), 623 - 641." type="journal article" year="1995">Raven &amp; Schwendinger 1995: fig. 10</bibRefCitation>
). New material is available from the west and northeast of the kingdom. The currently known localities (with sex of available specimens and name of province in parentheses) are: Pha Yao (females; Pha Yao Province), Doi Suthep (males, females), Ban Mae Hia (males, females), Chiang Mai (males, females), Ban On Luai near Sankamphaeng (females; Chiang Mai Province), Doi Khuntan (females; Lamphun Province), Mae Sariang (females), Sop Moei (females; Mae Hong Son Province), Lam Nam Nan (males, females; Uttaradit Province), Khlong Lan National Park (females; Kamphaeng Phet Province), Khao No (females; Nakhon Sawan Province), Khao Phanom Sawai (males, females; Surin Province), Ko Samet (females; Rayong Province), Si Racha (males, females; Chon Buri Province), Sai Yok National Park (males, females; Kanchanaburi Province); see
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FDF5B0CAFD6BF967" box="[612,682,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,256,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[286,1294,191,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[258,1322,165,1775]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Records of Phyxioschema in Thailand (species names given in parentheses). 1. Between Chiang Dao and Chai Prakan (P. erawan sp. n.). 2. Pha Yao (P. suthepium). 3. Doi Suthep, Ban Mae Hia, Chiang Mai (type locality) and Ban On Luai (all P. s u t h e p i u m). 4. Doi Khuntan (P. suthepium). 5. Mae Sariang (P. s u t h ep iu m). 6. Sop Moei (P. suthepium). 7. Lam Nam Nan (P. suthepium). 8. Khlong Lan (P. suthepium). 9. Khao No (P. s u t h e p i u m). 10. Khao Phanom Sawai (P. suthepium). 11. Ko Samet (P. s u t h e p i u m). 12. Si Racha (P. s ut hep iu m). 13. Sai Yok (P. suthepium). 14. Phrathat Cave (type locality; P. erawan sp. n.). 15. Khao Sam Roi Yot (P. huberi sp. n.). 16. Khao Sok (P. s a y a m e n s e sp. n.). 17. Pha Phueng Cave (P. eripnastes sp. n.). 18. Sra Yuan Thong Cave (P. spelaeum sp. n.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188259/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, localities 2–13. All spiders were found in small webs in holes and cracks in the soil, and under stones, dead wood and leaves lying on the ground. They are more prevalent in dry habitats such as roadsides, cut paths (i.e., the earthbanks on either side of paths) and open forests (secondary forests, teak plantations, orchards) and have not been found in evergreen forests with a closed canopy. At Ban On Luai (ca
<quantity id="4CF8ADA9FFA17E71FE79B16FFDF2F882" box="[488,563,1848,1874]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
east of Chiang Mai), these spiders were found on the slopes of an isolated limestone hill, a habitat otherwise typical for
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA17E71FD3AB108FCE1F8A8" box="[683,800,1887,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erawan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FD3AB108FCE1F8A8" box="[683,800,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. erawan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2476125FFA17E71FCB6B109FCA8F8A8" box="[807,873,1886,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FCB6B109FCA0F8A8" bold="true" box="[807,865,1886,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA17E70FF54B1DFFAEFFEA3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2031]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,603]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA17E71FF54B1DFFE1BF872" bold="true" box="[197,474,1928,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Population dynamics:</emphasis>
Fluctuations in the size of a population living in a
<quantity id="4CF8ADA9FFA17E71FBD3B1DFFBBEF872" box="[1090,1151,1928,1954]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</quantity>
2 area of teak plantation (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FF0EB1F8FEC8F819" box="[159,265,1967,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 22 A – I" captionStartId="37.[151,257,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,575,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,545,1677]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22 A – I. Phyxioschema erawan sp. n. (A), P. suthepium (B – C) and P. sp ela eum sp. n. (D – I). A, D. Female, habitus. B. Teak plantation near Chiang Mai. C. Web on floor of teak plantation, retreat in soil (see arrow). E. Twilight zone of Sra Yuan Thong Cave. F. Web at base of dry limestone column, retreat in hole (see large arrow), three egg sacs suspended in web (see small arrows). G. Male, habitus. H. Mating pair, dorsal view (male on top of female). I. Mating pair, frontal view (note retrolateral side of patella I of male in contact with prolateral side of its tibia II)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188280/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 22B</figureCitation>
) at Ban Mae Hia near Chiang Mai were monitored in 1986 by counting webs (
<figureCitation id="133B1CC9FFA17E71FB34B1F8FACFF819" box="[1189,1294,1967,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 22 A – I" captionStartId="37.[151,257,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[173,1408,575,1651]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,545,1677]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 22 A – I. Phyxioschema erawan sp. n. (A), P. suthepium (B – C) and P. sp ela eum sp. n. (D – I). A, D. Female, habitus. B. Teak plantation near Chiang Mai. C. Web on floor of teak plantation, retreat in soil (see arrow). E. Twilight zone of Sra Yuan Thong Cave. F. Web at base of dry limestone column, retreat in hole (see large arrow), three egg sacs suspended in web (see small arrows). G. Male, habitus. H. Mating pair, dorsal view (male on top of female). I. Mating pair, frontal view (note retrolateral side of patella I of male in contact with prolateral side of its tibia II)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188280/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
) at monthly intervals. Density was high (40 webs) in January, after the end of the rainy season and into the cool-dry season. In February, all webs in that plot were destroyed by a forest fire. During the hot-dry season recolonisation was very slow (one web in March, three in April) but increased drastically with the onset of the rainy season (35 webs in May). The counts decreased to 28 and 22 webs in June and July, respectively, and reached a high of
<quantity id="4CF8ADA9FFA07E70FEE8B75BFE79FEF6" box="[377,440,268,294]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4224" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="56.0">56 in</quantity>
August.
<taxonomicName id="4C007BCFFFA07E70FDBAB75BFD0BFEF5" box="[555,714,268,293]" class="Arachnida" family="Dipluridae" genus="Phyxioschema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suthepium">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA07E70FDBAB75BFD0BFEF5" box="[555,714,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. suthepium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thus a pioneer species that can rapidly colonise new or degraded habitats in fairly large numbers. Forest degradation caused by human activities has probably paved the way for the unusually wide distribution range of this species in seasonally dry areas of
<collectingCountry id="F31740DCFFA07E70FB2CB70EFAE8FEA3" box="[1213,1321,345,371]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A53C7FFA07E70FF57B728FA5DFD8B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF004CFFA07E70FF57B728FA5DFD8B" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B974DC5EFFA07E70FF57B728FE89FE49" bold="true" box="[198,328,383,409]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phenology</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="C68235F7FFA07E70FECDB7D7FE7AFE4A" box="[348,443,384,410]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="36.[151,242,1201,1225]" captionText="TABLE 3. Phenology data of Phyxioschema spp. from Thailand. 3 = presence of adult males; E = presence of egg sacs;" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 3</tableCitation>
): In
<date id="FFBE268CFFA07E70FE6AB7D7FD40FE4A" box="[507,641,384,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1985" valueMax="1988">1985–1988</date>
, two periods of reproductive activity per year were observed by means of pitfall trapping, hand collecting and captive rearing in Chiang Mai. In one, mature males were present from early December to late February; egg sacs were constructed in February to May, and spiderlings hatched about three weeks after oviposition. In the other, mature males were present from early May to late July, eggs were laid in June and July and hatched about two weeks later (
<bibRefCitation id="EF917DBDFFA07E70FC6CB44DFA4FFDE4" author="Raven" box="[1021,1422,538,564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="39" refString="Raven, R. J. &amp; Schwendinger, P. J. (1989) On a new Phyxioschema (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) from Thailand and its biology. Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 8 (2), 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="1989">Raven &amp; Schwendinger 1989: 59</bibRefCitation>
). Individual males reproduced only during one of these two periods each year and then died within a few weeks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink