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<document id="AD687D7C2C810E81C6857460A42B6751" ID-CLB-Dataset="22142" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.312" ID-GBIF-Dataset="561d2129-c2be-4670-9aa7-96e948247157" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827336" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589469117322" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Groeninckx, Inge, Janssens, Steven, Smets, Erik &amp; Verstraete, Brecht" docDate="2017" docId="039E3C565A3EFF9A9D750159E4220E28" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-312.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 312" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astiella homolleae Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFA7442E5A2DFF829F45044FE5770F45" masterDocTitle="Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698839704049" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="A16944E87FBE164379B4BDFFE93CAF8F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="62AC4770455FBA4BE9EEA4D251E38218">Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F29E261C659226C12034963FBF3E4854" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FF2B967359717732F6452A7D8C2BF94E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5529833DC6E780D9CB266449C3EC8CA8">Groeninckx, Inge</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CAFF2CDCFFDC212A3F590C8F8163A9ED">Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P. O. Box 2435, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. &amp; Email: inge. groeninckx @ kuleuven. be</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B7355E1F5122CC0EA4EF753D889624F8" type="email">inge.groeninckx@kuleuven.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="241C13B72E7262EA8C07121D664D147C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="23D002E968F42020303A1F0BA1698DFE">Janssens, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0472D95B00DEE316D9620CAA890BA9CF">Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. &amp; Email: steven. janssens @ botanicgardenmeise. be</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FCCD2C9ED63A3692C7CE5E9A2F9D0ED1" type="email">steven.janssens@botanicgardenmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E0F208EB9F3DF117A7B30807C3CB7842" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5C66BA237E562306F46BFAE8AA225F93">
<mods:roleTerm id="4D59EA33A697520B0EC0835367DFDF7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="67BF14C0DB6016A98FA82D01DF58202E">Smets, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="963A8E7499553903641DD36233BFE8DB">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Email: erik. smets @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="863D2466A0113A1C6A0066E2E73F86FD" type="email">erik.smets@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CBF99E1431954844D32F132D0BD2A08F">Verstraete, Brecht</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="15B4E82CED1144181E4A85CEC4F3D6FF">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83 S, 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. &amp; Corresponding author: brecht. verstraete @ snm. ku. dk</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9C51B097CEDAF0A83C488EFCF6FE83EC" type="email">brecht.verstraete@snm.ku.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1FA9BE611A39D36FE78AE7C3723D3D1E">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FEBF53D0879DC9662FCA6C9A7CEF21E5">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="EF03BEF37CED9B724991EDAA1CE964F7" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="BCCE6CBD980BEFA6FC247B29768A4A36">2017-04-25</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039E3C565A3EFF9A9D750159E4220E28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846896" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164151053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E3C565A3EFF9A9D750159E4220E28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E3C565A3EFF9A9D750159E4220E28" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A3EFF919D750159E1730A74" box="[560,1028,1302,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3EFF919D750159E1730A74" blockId="19.[463,1124,1302,1399]" box="[560,1028,1302,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A3EFF919D750159E1730A74" box="[560,1028,1302,1329]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A3EFF919D750159E6D60A75" ID-CoL="8WRJG" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[560,929,1302,1329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="homolleae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3EFF919D750159E6670A74" bold="true" box="[560,784,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Astiella homolleae</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A3EFF919CEC0158E1730A74" box="[937,1028,1303,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A3EFF919E8A0176E6DE0A32" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3EFF919E8A0176E1130A16" blockId="19.[463,1124,1302,1399]" box="[463,1124,1337,1363]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77161721-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3EFF919DCE0112E6DE0A32" blockId="19.[463,1124,1302,1399]" box="[651,937,1372,1399]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A3EFF919DCE0112E79C0A32" box="[651,747,1373,1399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,272,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1317,265,1815]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution maps. A. Astiella antongilensis Groeninckx sp. nov. B. A. antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov. C. A. confusa Groeninckx sp. nov. D. A. deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov. E. A. delicatula Jovet. F. A. desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov. G. A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. H. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. I. A. longifimbria Groeninckx sp. nov. J. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. K. A. pulla Groeninckx sp. nov. L. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827340/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A3EFF919DB20113E6710A32" box="[759,774,1372,1399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,267,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[283,1305,265,1815]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of seeds and a detail of their surface. A–B. Astiella antsalovansisGroeninckx sp. nov.C–D.A. deblockiaeGroeninckx sp. nov.E–F.A. desseiniiGroeninckx sp. nov. G–I. A. delicatula Jovet. J–K. A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. L–M. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. N–O. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. P–R. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov. Scale bars for A, C, E, J, L, N = 100 µm; B, I = 50 µm; D = 10 µm; F, K, M, O, R = 20 µm; G, H, P, Q = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827347/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">5</figureCitation>
J–K, 10, 11A
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A3EFF919FF801D1E0000931" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3EFF919FF801D1E4410AFD" blockId="19.[189,310,1438,1464]" box="[189,310,1438,1464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A3EFF919FF801D1E4410AFD" bold="true" box="[189,310,1438,1464]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3EFF919FF801D1E4410AFD" bold="true" box="[189,310,1438,1464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3EFF919FF80182E0000931" blockId="19.[189,1399,1485,1652]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A3EFF919FF80182E4E20AA2" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,405,1485,1511]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="homolleae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3EFF919FF80182E4E20AA2" box="[189,405,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Astiella homolleae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A3EFF919EDF0182E4830AA2" box="[410,500,1485,1511]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A3EFF919D370182E79C0AA2" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[626,747,1485,1511]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3EFF919D370182E79C0AA2" box="[626,747,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. perrieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A3EFF919DAA0182E63D0AA2" box="[751,842,1485,1511]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having reduced corolla tubes with the stamens always exserted beyond the corolla throat, but differs in having a perennial, erect habit (vs annual and creeping), stipules with many, long fimbriae (4–8 vs 2–4 fimbriae and
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3EFF919B4D025CE11B096B" box="[1032,1132,1555,1582]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
vs
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3EFF919BD3025CE05D096B" box="[1174,1322,1555,1582]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2.7 mm</quantity>
long), a corolla tube papillate on the inside with trichomes towards the base (vs glabrous), and seeds triangular in outline with a verruculate microsculpturing (vs seeds elliptic in outline with granulate microsculpturing).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A3EFF919FF802D4E6C20842" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3EFF919FF802D4E43309F0" blockId="19.[189,324,1691,1717]" box="[189,324,1691,1717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A3EFF919FF802D4E43309F0" bold="true" box="[189,324,1691,1717]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3EFF919FF802D4E43309F0" bold="true" box="[189,324,1691,1717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3EFF919FF80286E6C20842" blockId="19.[189,1399,1737,1799]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
The species is named in honour of the French botanist Anne-Marie Homolle, who annotated many of the Madagascan
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A3EFF919E1202A2E7770842" box="[343,512,1773,1799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Spermacoceae">Spermacoceae</taxonomicName>
specimens in the herbarium of Paris.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A3EFF949FF80361E1FF0EBC" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3EFF919FF80361E58D080D" blockId="19.[189,250,1838,1864]" box="[189,250,1838,1864]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A3EFF919FF80361E58D080D" bold="true" box="[189,250,1838,1864]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3EFF919FF80361E58D080D" bold="true" box="[189,250,1838,1864]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="548C33E25A3EFF919FF80361E58D080D" box="[189,250,1838,1864]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3EFF919FF80312E70908A4" blockId="19.[189,1399,1885,2017]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A3EFF919FF80312E4E50832" box="[189,402,1885,1911]" name="Madagascar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A3EFF919EDB0312E7D70832" box="[414,672,1885,1911]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Antsiranana province</collectingRegion>
, Sava region, Antalaha district, Partie occidentale du massif de Marojejy (nord-est) de la vallée de l’Ambatoharanana au bassin supérieur de l’Antsahaberoka, forêt ombrophile sur argile latéritique de gneiss et granite,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3EFF919C3B03ECE6AC08FB" box="[894,987,1955,1982]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A3EFF919CAC03ECE19508FB" box="[1001,1250,1955,1982]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1959-11-09" valueMax="1959-12-02" valueMin="1959-11-09">9 Nov.–2 Dec. 1959</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A3EFF919BB503ECE4FC08A5" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A3EFF919BB503ECE02F08F8" authority="Saboureau" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[1264,1368,1955,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
&amp; Saboureau 31739
</emphasis>
(holo-:
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3EFF919EAF0388E48A08A4" box="[490,509,1991,2017]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
; iso-:
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3EFF919D000388E70608A4" box="[581,625,1991,2017]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BR</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF48DDC85A39FF969FF80310E7DB08A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827357/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,1887,1913]" targetBox="[310,1275,270,1840]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A39FF969FF80310E7DB08A6" blockId="20.[189,1398,1887,2019]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969FF80310E46E083C" bold="true" box="[189,281,1887,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A39FF969E650310E7FB083C" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[288,652,1887,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="homolleae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969E650310E48C083C" box="[288,507,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Astiella homolleae</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A39FF969DD60310E799083C" box="[659,750,1887,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969DB00310E67D083C" bold="true" box="[757,778,1887,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
. Habit.
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969C2D0310E60B083C" bold="true" box="[872,892,1887,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
. Brevistylous flower.
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969B380310E1E5083C" bold="true" box="[1149,1170,1887,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
. Open longistylous flower.
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969E5203CDE45B08D9" bold="true" box="[279,300,1922,1948]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
. Open brevistylous flower.
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969D3C03CDE7FA08D9" bold="true" box="[633,653,1922,1948]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E</emphasis>
. Ovary dissected to show placentation.
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969B2B03CDE1F708D9" bold="true" box="[1134,1152,1922,1948]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">F</emphasis>
. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A from
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969D4803E9E62608FA" box="[525,849,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Perrier de la Bâthie 17438</emphasis>
(P); B–E from
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969B5303EAE00108FA" box="[1046,1398,1957,1984]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A39FF969B5303EAE10908FA" authority="Saboureau" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[1046,1150,1957,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
&amp; Saboureau 31739
</emphasis>
(BR); F from
<emphasis id="B94351525A39FF969E1A0387E70208A6" box="[351,629,1992,2019]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cheek &amp; Dominic 1325</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A38FF979FF80544E7430E60" blockId="21.[189,564,267,293]" box="[189,564,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A38FF979FF80544E7430E60" bold="true" box="[189,564,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979FF80544E7430E60" bold="true" box="[189,564,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Additional material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A38FF949FF80575E1FF0EBC" blockId="21.[189,1399,313,833]" lastBlockId="22.[189,1399,267,505]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A38FF979FF80575E4E50E11" box="[189,402,314,340]" name="Madagascar" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A38FF979EDB0576E7E80E16" box="[414,671,313,339]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Antsiranana province</collectingRegion>
, Sava region, Andapa district, Pentes occidentales du massif de Marojejy (nord-est), bassin de la Lokoho, à l’est d’Ambalamanasy II, forêt ombrophile sur latérite de gneiss,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979E7D05CFE4B20EDF" box="[312,453,384,411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="625.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="450.0">450–800 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A38FF979E9405CFE7A60EDF" box="[465,721,384,410]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1948-11-28" valueMax="1948-12-06" valueMin="1948-11-28">28 Nov.–6 Dec. 1948</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979D9805CFE1550EDF" box="[733,1058,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A38FF979D9805CFE6320EDF" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[733,837,384,410]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
&amp; Capuron 22130
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A38FF979B7605CFE1290EDF" box="[1075,1118,384,410]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A38FF979B2F05CFE1090EDF" box="[1130,1150,384,410]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). Masoala Peninsula, S of Ambanizana, Andranobe, Piste A, primary wet evergreen forest,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979C9D05ECE1540EFB" box="[984,1059,419,446]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A38FF979B6B05ECE1B00EF8" box="[1070,1223,419,445]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1999-02-18">18 Feb. 1999</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979B9405ECE5AD0EA5" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hoffman et al. 61</emphasis>
(K); Masoala Peninsula, trail leading south from Ambanizana along coast
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979B060589E1E90EA5" box="[1091,1182,454,480]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 km</quantity>
S of Ambanizana,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979FF805A5E4550D41" box="[189,290,490,516]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="0.0">0–20 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A38FF979E7605A6E4A00D41" box="[307,471,489,516]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1989-09-26">26 Sep. 1989</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979EAD05A6E70C0D46" box="[488,635,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Schatz 2746</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A38FF979DCB05A5E7B60D41" box="[654,705,490,516]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A38FF979D9705A5E7950D41" box="[722,738,490,516]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A38FF979DB405A5E6460D41" box="[753,817,490,516]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
). Sambava district,
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A38FF979B6405A6E1C50D46" box="[1057,1202,489,515]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Antsiranana</collectingRegion>
, sous-préfecture d’Andapa, commune rurale de Doany, fokontany de Betsomanga, versant nord-ouest du Marojejy, camp I,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979F90067FE4510D0F" box="[213,294,560,587]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
à l’ENE du camp I, relevé LG 18, forêt dense humide sempervivente, versant,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979B82067FE0630D0F" box="[1223,1300,560,586]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="860.0">860 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A38FF979A65067FE58D0D28" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2001-10-19">19 Oct. 2001</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979E40061CE4170D28" box="[261,352,595,621]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gautier</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979E2B061CE65D0D28" box="[366,810,595,621]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ravelonarivo &amp; Andriamparany 3873</emphasis>
(K); Vallée inférieure de l’Androranga, affluent de la Bemarivo (nord-est) aux environs d’Antongodria [Antongondriha], massif du Betsomanga,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979A500639E0060DD4" box="[1301,1393,630,657]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A38FF979FF806D5E4E40DF1" box="[189,403,665,692]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1950-11-17" valueMax="1950-11-20" valueMin="1950-11-17">17–20 Nov. 1950</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979EE606D6E7980DF1" box="[419,751,665,692]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A38FF979EE606D6E77C0DF6" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[419,523,665,691]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
&amp; Capuron 24314
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A38FF979C4606D5E6600DF1" box="[771,791,666,692]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
); Vallée inférieure de l’Androranga, affluent de la Bemarivo (nord-est) aux environs d’Antongodria [Antongondriha], massif du Betsomanga,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979A6F06F2E46E0DBF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1325.0" valueMax="1350.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300– 1350 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A38FF979E6206AFE48E0DBE" box="[295,505,736,763]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1950-11-17" valueMax="1950-11-20" valueMin="1950-11-17">17– 20 Nov. 1950</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979D4306AFE6390DBF" box="[518,846,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A38FF979D4306AFE7190DBF" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[518,622,736,762]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
&amp; Capuron 24369
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A38FF979C2506AFE6030DBF" box="[864,884,736,762]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
).
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A38FF979CCF06AFE10C0DBF" box="[906,1147,736,762]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Toamasina province</collectingRegion>
, Analanjirofo region, Mananara district, Rivière Anove, bois, côte est,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979C53074CE6110C5B" box="[790,870,771,798]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A38FF979C33074CE6850C58" box="[886,1010,771,797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1912-09">Sep. 1912</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979B47074BE0370C58" box="[1026,1344,771,797]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Perrier de la Bâthie 3743</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A38FF979A10074CE01E0C58" box="[1365,1385,771,797]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). Maroantsetra district, Maroantsetra, Antalavia, ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A38FF979C4A0769E63B0C04" box="[783,844,806,833]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
inland from the sea, lowland evergreen forest, many Guttiferae, amongst litter on forest floor, steep slope,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949C2F0544E6C20E63" box="[874,949,267,294]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A3BFF949C850544E12E0E60" box="[960,1113,267,293]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1988-02-20">20 Feb. 1988</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949B210544E0000E63" box="[1124,1399,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cheek &amp; Dominic 1325</emphasis>
(K,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949FAE0560E46A0E0C" box="[235,285,303,329]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949E6C0560E41F0E0C" box="[297,360,303,329]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
); Côte est, environs de la baie d’Antongil, bois,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949CE10560E6860E0C" box="[932,1009,303,329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A3BFF949CBA0560E10B0E0C" box="[1023,1148,303,329]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1912-11">Nov. 1912</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949BCC0560E58F0E29" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Perrier de la Bâthie 3750</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949E4C051DE46A0E29" box="[265,285,338,364]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). Sainte Marie district, Sainte Marie,
<date id="FF89AB805A3BFF949D93051DE6260E29" box="[726,849,338,364]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1849-12">Dec. 1849</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949C1B051CE6AD0E29" box="[862,986,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Boivin s.n.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949CA9051DE1770E29" box="[1004,1024,338,364]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). Atsinanana region,
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A3BFF949BBD051DE0000E29" box="[1272,1399,338,364]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
II district, Betampona près d’Ambodiriana, W de Tamatave, forêt orientale,
<date id="FF89AB805A3BFF949B0A053AE1BB0ED5" box="[1103,1228,373,400]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1925-12">Dec. 1925</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949B9F0539E42C0EF7" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Perrier de la Bâthie 17438</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949E2805D7E4F60EF7" box="[365,385,408,434]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). Fianarontsoa province, Vatovavy-Fitovinany region, Mananjary district, Kianjavato, route du Mananjary, bords de chemins,
<date id="FF89AB805A3BFF949DC805F3E6770E90" box="[653,768,443,470]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1964-01">Jan. 1964</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949C4905F3E6DB0E93" box="[780,940,444,470]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bosser 18878</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949CF905F4E6BA0E90" box="[956,973,443,469]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949C9C05F3E16E0E93" box="[985,1049,444,470]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
). Bord de la Lokoho,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949A5305F4E0060E93" box="[1302,1393,443,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A3BFF949FF80590E4310EBC" box="[189,326,479,505]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1949-01-02">2 Jan. 1949</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949E170590E4AB0EBC" box="[338,476,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cours 3437</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949EA90590E7600EBC" box="[492,535,479,505]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949D660590E7400EBC" box="[547,567,479,505]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
). Locality unknown, s. loc., s.d.,
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949CF90590E1210EBC" box="[956,1110,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Humblot 453</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A3BFF949B220590E10C0EBC" box="[1127,1147,479,505]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF48DDC85A38FF979FF80377E6FE089A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827359/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[189,232,1848,1874]" targetBox="[189,1399,894,1806]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A38FF979FF80377E6FE089A" blockId="21.[189,1399,1848,2015]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979FF80377E4600817" bold="true" box="[189,279,1848,1874]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of pollen in polar view (PV), the apocolpium (AC), pollen in equatorial view (EV) and the mesocolpium (ME).
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979CC40314E6E10830" bold="true" box="[897,918,1883,1909]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A38FF979CE30314E0630830" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[934,1300,1883,1909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="homolleae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979CE30314E1F50830" box="[934,1154,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Astiella homolleae</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A38FF979A590313E0000833" box="[1308,1399,1884,1910]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979FF80331E5A608DD" bold="true" box="[189,209,1918,1944]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A38FF979FA40330E48508DD" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[225,498,1918,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolia" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979FA40330E41708DD" box="[225,352,1918,1945]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. latifolia</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A38FF979EBE0330E72108DC" box="[507,598,1919,1945]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979D1B0331E70408DD" bold="true" box="[606,627,1918,1944]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A38FF979DC10330E6E408DD" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[644,915,1918,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979DC10330E67708DD" box="[644,768,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. perrieri</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A38FF979CD80330E68008DC" box="[925,1015,1919,1945]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979B450331E16208DD" bold="true" box="[1024,1045,1918,1944]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A38FF979B600330E00108DD" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[1061,1398,1918,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsaratanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A38FF979B600330E19408DD" box="[1061,1251,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. tsaratanensis</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A38FF979FF803EDE46F08F9" box="[189,280,1954,1980]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scale bars for A: PV = 2 µm, AC, ME = 1 µm, EV = 5 µm; for B and C: PV, EV = 5 µm, AC, ME = 1 µm; for D: PV, EV = 5 µm, AC = 2 µm, ME = 1 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A3BFF949FF8066FE6C40A9D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3BFF949FF8066FE4390D7F" blockId="22.[189,334,544,570]" box="[189,334,544,570]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A3BFF949FF8066FE4390D7F" bold="true" box="[189,334,544,570]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949FF8066FE4390D7F" bold="true" box="[189,334,544,570]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3BFF949FF80601E6C40A9D" blockId="22.[189,1399,590,1497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Perennial herb, up to
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949EF60601E48C0D2C" box="[435,507,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
tall, rooting at the basal nodes; stems quadrangular in cross section, glabrous or rarely with a few scattered trichomes. Stipule base
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949C0C063DE6C70DC9" box="[841,944,626,652]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
long, with a few scattered trichomes; fimbriae 4–8, 1–
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949ED506DAE4AB0DEA" box="[400,476,661,687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, colleter-tipped. Leaves petiolate; petioles
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949B7106DAE1C30DEA" box="[1076,1204,661,688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="2.0">2–5.5 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; blades elliptic or ovate, rarely narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate, 7–32.5(–92) × 4.5–14.5(–30) mm, glabrous, darker green above, very pale green below; base attenuate; apex acuminate or acute, rarely obtuse; margin glabrous; midvein prominent; secondary veins 3–6 on each side of the midvein, prominent or invisible; intersecondaries invisible. Inflorescences terminal, compound dichasia, multi-flowered; peduncle
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949E76070AE4DA0C1A" box="[307,429,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="0.0">0–40 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous or rarely scabrate. Pedicels
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949C8D070AE13E0C1A" box="[968,1097,837,864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–5 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous or rarely scabrate. Flowers heterostylous. Calyx green; tube reduced; lobes 4, triangular or narrowly triangular, 0.9–1.2 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949E0707C4E4A90CE3" box="[322,478,907,934]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
, glabrous, colleters in between. Corolla white; tube reduced,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949B9B07C4E0000CE3" box="[1246,1399,907,934]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.6 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; lobes 4, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 2–3 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949C2507E1E6850C8C" box="[864,1010,942,969]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.8999999999999999" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.2 mm</quantity>
, glabrous or with a few trichomes outside, papillate with trichomes towards the base inside. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla lobes, exserted for
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949EE307BAE7500B4A" box="[422,551,1013,1040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat in brevistylous flowers, exserted
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949BB907BAE0000B4A" box="[1276,1399,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat in longistylous flowers. Anthers ellipsoid,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949CA90057E1F60B76" box="[1004,1153,1048,1075]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
long in brevistylous flowers,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949E670074E4C40B13" box="[290,435,1083,1110]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
long in longistylous flowers; filaments dorsifixed,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949B4D0074E1F10B13" box="[1032,1158,1083,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.3">2.3–3 mm</quantity>
long in brevistylous flowers,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949E620011E4C80B3C" box="[295,447,1118,1145]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
long in longistylous flowers. Pollen tricolporate, oblate spheroidal to prolate spheroidal; E 20–16 μm; P 15–22 μm; ectocolpi long; endocolpi long; tectum bireticulate; suprareticulum microreticulate to reticulate; infrareticulum present as granules in the lumina of the suprareticulum. Ovary 2-locular, broadly depressed obovoid, 0.6–0.7 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949C0E0087E6BF0BA6" box="[843,968,1224,1251]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
, glabrous; placenta attached near the middle of the septum, stalked, globose, bearing numerous ovules per locule. Style ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949BEB00A4E07F0A43" box="[1198,1288,1259,1286]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
long and included in brevistylous flowers,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949D7A0141E7A60A6C" box="[575,721,1294,1321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4.5 mm</quantity>
long and exserted for
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949C970141E1390A6C" box="[978,1102,1294,1321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.6">2.6–4 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat in longistylous flowers, papillate or hirtellous; stigma bilobed, lobes ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949B64017DE1090A09" box="[1057,1150,1330,1356]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
long in brevistylous flowers,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949E61011AE4C10A2A" box="[292,438,1365,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.3 mm</quantity>
long in longistylous flowers, papillate or hirtellous. Capsules broadly depressed obovoid, 1–2 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949E3F0137E7670AD6" box="[378,528,1400,1427]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.5 mm</quantity>
, crowned with the persistent calyx lobes, glabrous, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds numerous per locule, triangular in outline, ventral groove absent, 0.4–0.5 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949B9301D4E0050AF3" box="[1238,1394,1435,1462]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
, black; seed coat surface reticulate, microsculpturing verruculate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A3BFF949FF8024FE4EA09F7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3BFF949FF8024FE421095F" blockId="22.[189,342,1536,1562]" box="[189,342,1536,1562]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A3BFF949FF8024FE421095F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1536,1562]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949FF8024FE421095F" bold="true" box="[189,342,1536,1562]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3BFF949FF80260E4EA09F7" blockId="22.[189,1399,1582,1714]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
NE to E
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A3BFF949E6B0261E4B7090D" box="[302,448,1582,1608]" name="Madagascar" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A3BFF949E880261E7B8090D" box="[461,719,1582,1608]" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Antsiranana province</collectingRegion>
, Sava region, Andapa, Antalaha, and Sambava districts;
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A3BFF949FF8021DE4DD0929" box="[189,426,1618,1644]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Toamasina province</collectingRegion>
,Analanjirofo region, Mananara, Maroantsetra, and Sainte Marie districts;
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A3BFF949BBD021DE45009CA" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Toamasina province</collectingRegion>
, Atsinanana region,
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A3BFF949D51023AE7E409CA" box="[532,659,1653,1679]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
II district;
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A3BFF949C51023AE16C09CA" box="[788,1051,1653,1679]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fianarantsoa province</collectingRegion>
, Vatovavy-Fitovinany region, Mananjary district.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A3BFF949FF80296E6A40867" box="[189,979,1753,1827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3BFF949FF80296E46A09B6" blockId="22.[189,285,1753,1779]" box="[189,285,1753,1779]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A3BFF949FF80296E46A09B6" bold="true" box="[189,285,1753,1779]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949FF80296E46A09B6" bold="true" box="[189,285,1753,1779]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3BFF949FF80347E6A40867" blockId="22.[189,979,1800,1827]" box="[189,979,1800,1827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Humid forest; laterite and granite substrate; at
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949DA50347E62E0866" box="[736,857,1800,1827]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="650.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1300 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A3BFF9A9FF80306E4220E28" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3BFF949FF80306E4C20821" blockId="22.[189,437,1865,1892]" box="[189,437,1865,1892]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A3BFF949FF80306E4C20821" bold="true" box="[189,437,1865,1892]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A3BFF949FF80306E4C20821" bold="true" box="[189,437,1865,1892]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conservation status</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A3BFF9A9FF80337E4220E28" blockId="22.[189,1398,1912,2009]" lastBlockId="24.[189,1398,267,365]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
The species is known from 15 collections, of which two without locality. The number of locations is eight. The extent of occurrence is more than
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949C4C03D4E6FD08F0" box="[777,906,1947,1973]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="20000.0">20,000 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C4220085A3BFF949CC903D5E6E208ED" attach="right" box="[908,917,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</superScript>
; the area of occupancy equals
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A3BFF949A5203D4E01308F0" box="[1303,1380,1947,1973]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="48.0">48 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C4220085A3BFF949A2203D5E00708ED" attach="right" box="[1383,1392,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</superScript>
. Throughout its distribution range there is a high human pressure on the habitat of this species, even within the protected areas. A continuing decline of the extent of occurrence, area of occupancy, and area, extent, and/or quality of habitat is projected. The species is therefore classified as vulnerable: VU B2ab(i,ii,iii).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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