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<document id="D2EFFA8AA22C670A0DA47BB1C7CE29FF" ID-CLB-Dataset="22142" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.312" ID-GBIF-Dataset="561d2129-c2be-4670-9aa7-96e948247157" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827336" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589469117322" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Groeninckx, Inge, Janssens, Steven, Smets, Erik &amp; Verstraete, Brecht" docDate="2017" docId="039E3C565A0DFFA39D1500B6E1A009F1" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-312.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 312" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astiella pulla Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFA7442E5A2DFF829F45044FE5770F45" masterDocTitle="Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698839704049" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="631A19ECB8EE419C94AEB15241053006" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A422EF91A69668C94CA6A306F4140475">
<mods:title id="C97CE38AD57D281BF21FC1B828F84AEB">Description of 11 new Astiella (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) species endemic to Madagascar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="16B13BD2AD14682E875A70D385BC8559" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6DBE3931F32BDBBE6BC7E339B10DC735">
<mods:roleTerm id="162D2575410E3796D652E5EE707F6E06">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="75E5183FD588F161B2262FC2C34FCA74">Groeninckx, Inge</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CBFBDDD85635B1C368D097AA17851964">Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P. O. Box 2435, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. &amp; Email: inge. groeninckx @ kuleuven. be</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FD0E99E843B01E34D7ED65A9BCC4E8B6" type="email">inge.groeninckx@kuleuven.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="090AEA0E33CED2285B9B7BD85A686F30">
<mods:roleTerm id="287FF3F18E6D1D41AF52279548BE2239">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="71BEDFB7217886A10A06CDD32A47E362">Janssens, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="162A1AB901C0B8F0EF8E860765DEC03B">Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium. &amp; Email: steven. janssens @ botanicgardenmeise. be</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8F27E82EEBDB5A65DEDCA0ACADA5DFCB" type="email">steven.janssens@botanicgardenmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="296AB4E07A5EC249E604EBBC04B1B59F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C32535C6D8B9D3DC481F01D1993CB715">
<mods:roleTerm id="4DDA738C39A80564C872A3FD0DB7F4D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="33E4633C9942E288718440C7E09086CD">Smets, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F8F3B2927C1169391A0CF4ED1F9A8CBC">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. &amp; Email: erik. smets @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4C0EFCC56DB978C67CDC84C57951A29D" type="email">erik.smets@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="48EEB2AFFB172AE7743B07700B7C0B52" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D5A19FBAC4F256D4CC593F2E03D88109">
<mods:roleTerm id="E0DE1AE91188AEB92BBEE48044DB8EC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C480A1EAF4A6E018C3DF7BFBC5B392B0">Verstraete, Brecht</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="36F7D212BF19DFEED752A8E2520B0D37">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83 S, 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark. &amp; Corresponding author: brecht. verstraete @ snm. ku. dk</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="05BC7194E79213ACA63550FDA348AD11" type="email">brecht.verstraete@snm.ku.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4A0D8174085B584FFCC2503B8A3D9CB3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F5DFC0A3A0D952E9EBED0812D8C15BA5">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4906B239865359F3FB40BF3028231DF4">
<mods:date id="4BF9A33FBAB8C5FA21B9B500116E5968">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C7FC3E58CC630417DF3097E2011DD6A3" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D248762BA3ECAA273542D6A86436212B">2017-04-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DB4FE59AEE7CC19C2A86B8711DEAA373">312</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="09155363D8B51A1CF6C48BFC48A4481B">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="895F9F76E01EB8682D5FCCA88AEEDDB5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3A30807C8DEC4863BE2207BC9B79B1D8" type="CLB-Dataset">22142</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FE8B30EF323C2EE9F0BEC9F16E0C6472" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2017.312</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A734F16A381C26DF4E65F312A31A2E99" type="Zenodo-Dep">3827336</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E3C565A0DFFA39D1500B6E1A009F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846880" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164151063" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E3C565A0DFFA39D1500B6E1A009F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E3C565A0DFFA39D1500B6E1A009F1" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0DFFA29D1500B6E6930A51" box="[592,996,1273,1300]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29D1500B6E6930A51" blockId="32.[463,1124,1273,1371]" box="[592,996,1273,1300]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0DFFA29D1500B6E6930A51" box="[592,996,1273,1300]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A0DFFA29D1500B6E6F50A56" ID-CoL="8WRJL" authority="Groeninckx" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[592,898,1273,1300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29D1500B6E7870A51" bold="true" box="[592,752,1273,1300]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Astiella pulla</emphasis>
Groeninckx
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A0DFFA29CCC00B5E6930A51" box="[905,996,1274,1300]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0DFFA29E8A0152E6290A1E" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29E8A0152E1130A72" blockId="32.[463,1124,1273,1371]" box="[463,1124,1309,1335]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77161727-1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29D90010FE6290A1E" blockId="32.[463,1124,1273,1371]" box="[725,862,1344,1371]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A0DFFA29D90010FE6420A1F" box="[725,821,1344,1370]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1854,1880]" captionTargetBox="[281,1310,272,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[270,1317,265,1815]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution maps. A. Astiella antongilensis Groeninckx sp. nov. B. A. antsalovansis Groeninckx sp. nov. C. A. confusa Groeninckx sp. nov. D. A. deblockiae Groeninckx sp. nov. E. A. delicatula Jovet. F. A. desseinii Groeninckx sp. nov. G. A. homolleae Groeninckx sp. nov. H. A. latifolia Groeninckx sp. nov. I. A. longifimbria Groeninckx sp. nov. J. A. perrieri Groeninckx sp. nov. K. A. pulla Groeninckx sp. nov. L. A. tsaratanensis Groeninckx sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827340/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 2K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130C91C55A0DFFA29C04010FE6290A1E" box="[833,862,1344,1371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[313,1276,263,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[309,1279,263,1850]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 15. Astiella pulla Groeninckx sp. nov. A. Habit. B. Brevistylous flower. C. Open brevistylous flower. D. Open longistylous flower. E. Ovary dissected to show placentation; all ovules removed from the right locule to show the placenta. F. Capsule. Drawn by Marijke Meersman. A, E–F from Perrier de la Bâthie 17633 (P); B–D from Groeninckx, De Block &amp; Rakotonasolo 271 (BR)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827367/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0DFFA29FF801CEE7B10912" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF801CEE4410ADE" blockId="32.[189,310,1409,1435]" box="[189,310,1409,1435]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0DFFA29FF801CEE4410ADE" bold="true" box="[189,310,1409,1435]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29FF801CEE4410ADE" bold="true" box="[189,310,1409,1435]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF801FFE7B10912" blockId="32.[189,1399,1456,1623]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A0DFFA29FF801FFE42C0A8F" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,347,1456,1482]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulla" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29FF801FFE42C0A8F" box="[189,347,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Astiella pulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A0DFFA29E2101FFE4C80A8F" box="[356,447,1456,1482]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C37F6C35A0DFFA29D0001FFE6700A8F" authority="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete, 2017" authorityName="Groeninckx &amp; Janssens &amp; Smets &amp; Verstraete" authorityYear="2017" box="[581,775,1456,1482]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Astiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antsalovansis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29D0001FFE6700A8F" box="[581,775,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A. antsalovansis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270EC295A0DFFA29C4A01FFE61D0A8F" box="[783,874,1456,1482]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having black seeds with a reticulate seed coat surface consisting of 5- to 6-angular testa cells and in having a ring of trichomes inside the corolla tube, but differs in having more robust inflorescence axes (vs slender), 4 to 5 ovules per locule (vs 3), a longer style that is always exserted in brevistylous flowers (vs a shorter style that is included), and fruits 1.5–3.4 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29E7F0273E4C00912" box="[314,439,1596,1623]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.6">2.6–4 mm</quantity>
(vs 1–2 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29D7D0273E7CD0912" box="[568,698,1596,1623]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0DFFA29FF80231E4A809AF" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF80231E43309DD" blockId="32.[189,324,1662,1688]" box="[189,324,1662,1688]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0DFFA29FF80231E43309DD" bold="true" box="[189,324,1662,1688]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29FF80231E43309DD" bold="true" box="[189,324,1662,1688]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF802E2E4A809AF" blockId="32.[189,1398,1709,1770]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
The specific epithet is the feminine form of the Latin adjective ‘
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29CF402E2E68E0982" box="[945,1017,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">pullus</emphasis>
’ that means ‘dark-coloured’ and refers to the black seeds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0DFFA39FF8035EE6650E30" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF8035EE58D086E" blockId="32.[189,250,1809,1835]" box="[189,250,1809,1835]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0DFFA29FF8035EE58D086E" bold="true" box="[189,250,1809,1835]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29FF8035EE58D086E" bold="true" box="[189,250,1809,1835]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<typeStatus id="548C33E25A0DFFA29FF8035EE58D086E" box="[189,250,1809,1835]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0DFFA29FF8030FE78E08E5" blockId="32.[189,1398,1856,1953]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A0DFFA29FF8030FE4E5081F" box="[189,402,1856,1882]" name="Madagascar" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29EDF030FE7F9081F" box="[410,654,1856,1882]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mahajanga province</collectingRegion>
, Boeny region,
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29C04030FE6B1081F" box="[833,966,1856,1882]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
I district:ca
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29B10030FE1ED081F" box="[1109,1178,1856,1882]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="km" value="20.0">20km</quantity>
before
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0DFFA29BA8030FE005081F" box="[1261,1394,1856,1882]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
, Marohogo, RN 4, just next to road,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0DFFA29D2A032CE7D8083B" box="[623,687,1891,1918]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="47.0">47 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF89AB805A0DFFA29DFB032CE6140838" box="[702,867,1891,1918]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2010-03-19">19 Mar. 2010</date>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29C34032CE68E0838" box="[881,1017,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Groeninckx</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94351525A0DFFA29B4C032BE0010838" box="[1033,1398,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">De Block &amp; Rakotonasolo 271</emphasis>
(holo-:
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A0DFFA29E5103C8E44808E4" box="[276,319,1927,1953]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BR</collectionCode>
; iso-:
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A0DFFA29EC303C8E4C708E4" box="[390,432,1927,1953]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BR</collectionCode>
, G, K,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A0DFFA29D4103C9E74108E5" box="[516,566,1926,1952]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A0DFFA29D0703C8E72508E4" box="[578,594,1927,1953]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A0DFFA29D1803C9E7ED08E5" box="[605,666,1926,1952]" country="Madagascar" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A0DFFA29DE003C9E79908E5" box="[677,750,1926,1952]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" name="Wageningen University" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">WAG</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF80544E7430E60" blockId="33.[189,564,267,293]" box="[189,564,267,293]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0CFFA39FF80544E7430E60" bold="true" box="[189,564,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0CFFA39FF80544E7430E60" bold="true" box="[189,564,267,293]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Additional material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF80577E6650E30" blockId="33.[189,1398,312,373]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A0CFFA39FF80577E4E50E17" box="[189,402,312,338]" name="Madagascar" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0CFFA39EDE0577E7FB0E17" box="[411,652,312,338]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mahajanga province</collectingRegion>
, Boeny region,
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0CFFA39C7B0577E6B70E17" box="[830,960,312,338]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
I district, sur le calc rocin à Marohogo près Majunga, s.d.,
<emphasis id="B94351525A0CFFA39EE10513E7A80E30" box="[420,735,347,373]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Perrier de la Bâthie 17633</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2615855A0CFFA39DB40514E6720E30" box="[753,773,347,373]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0CFFA39FF805D4E1560A46" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF805D4E4390EF0" blockId="33.[189,334,411,437]" box="[189,334,411,437]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0CFFA39FF805D4E4390EF0" bold="true" box="[189,334,411,437]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0CFFA39FF805D4E4390EF0" bold="true" box="[189,334,411,437]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF80587E1560A46" blockId="33.[189,1399,456,1284]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Annual herb, erect, up to
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39EA40586E75F0EA6" box="[481,552,457,483]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
tall; stems quadrangular in cross section, glabrous or sometimes scabrate on the ribs. Stipule base
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39EA405A4E72B0D43" box="[481,604,491,518]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.2">0.2–1 mm</quantity>
long, beset with a few short trichomes; fimbriae 4–9,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39BA605A4E0000D43" box="[1251,1399,491,518]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.8 mm</quantity>
long, sometimes inconspicuous, colleter-tipped. Leaves sessile; blades ovate, elliptic, narrowly ovate or narrowly elliptic, 8–32 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39EB4067EE7050D09" box="[497,626,561,588]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="3.0">3–8.5 mm</quantity>
, glabrous, darker green above, paler green below; base attenuate; apex acute; margin revolute when dry, scabrate; midvein prominent below, glabrous or scabrate; secondary veins invisible or 3–4 on each side of the midvein; intersecondaries invisible. Inflorescences terminal or pseudo-axillary, very lax compound and reduced dichasia, 3- to several-flowered; bracts at main branchings leaf-like; peduncle absent; inflorescence branches up to
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39B4D06F3E1370D92" box="[1032,1088,700,727]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous or scabrate. Pedicels absent or
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39EE40690E7420DBF" box="[417,565,735,762]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous or scabrate. Flowers heterostylous. Calyx green; tube reduced; lobes 4, ovate with acuminate tip, 1–1.7 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39C51074DE6FA0C59" box="[788,909,770,796]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1 mm</quantity>
, glabrous, margin ciliolate. Corolla white; tube cylindrical 2.2–2.8 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39D46076AE70A0C7A" box="[515,637,805,832]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
in brevistylous flowers, 1.5–2.2 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39B6F076AE1CA0C7A" box="[1066,1213,805,831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.2 mm</quantity>
in longistylous flowers, glabrous outside, with a ring of trichomes in the lower half inside; lobes 4, ovate, 0.6–1.4 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39FF80725E4380CC0" box="[189,335,874,901]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.3 mm</quantity>
, glabrous inside except for trichomes towards the margin. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla lobes and exserted for
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39D0607C2E7A20CED" box="[579,725,909,936]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.9 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat in brevistylous flowers, inserted in the middle of the corolla tube and included in longistylous flowers. Anthers ellipsoid,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39BA707FFE0000C8E" box="[1250,1399,944,971]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
long; filaments dorsifixed,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39EBF079CE7F90CA8" box="[506,654,979,1006]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
long. Pollen 7-aperturate. Ovary 2-locular, depressed obovoid, 0.5–1 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39E6607B9E4C30B55" box="[291,436,1014,1040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.3 mm</quantity>
, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; placenta attached near the middle of the septum, stalked, subglobose, bearing 4 to 5 ovules per locule. Style
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39C2C0056E6920B76" box="[873,997,1049,1075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.3">2.3–3 mm</quantity>
long and exserted for
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39BA00056E0000B76" box="[1253,1399,1049,1075]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat in brevistylous flowers,
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39DBC0074E6FC0B13" box="[761,907,1083,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.8 mm</quantity>
long and exserted for
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39BCC0074E06C0B13" box="[1161,1307,1083,1110]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.7 mm</quantity>
beyond the corolla throat in longistylous flowers, glabrous; stigma bilobed, lobes
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39B670011E1C20B3C" box="[1058,1205,1118,1145]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.8 mm</quantity>
long, hirtellous. Capsules broadly depressed obovoid, 1.5–3.4 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39C4100CEE6F10BD9" box="[772,902,1153,1180]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.6">2.6–4 mm</quantity>
, crowned with the persistent calyx lobes, glabrous or with a few scabrate trichomes, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 1, 3 or 4 per locule, elliptic in outline, ventral groove absent, 0.8–1 × 0.6–0.8 ×
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39C520088E6D80BA4" box="[791,943,1222,1249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
, hilum in the middle, black; seed coat surface reticulate, 5- to 6-angular testa cells, microsculpturing favulariate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0CFFA39FF80166E1340A34" box="[189,1091,1321,1394]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF80166E4210A06" blockId="33.[189,342,1321,1347]" box="[189,342,1321,1347]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0CFFA39FF80166E4210A06" bold="true" box="[189,342,1321,1347]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0CFFA39FF80166E4210A06" bold="true" box="[189,342,1321,1347]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF80117E1340A34" blockId="33.[189,1091,1367,1394]" box="[189,1091,1367,1394]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
NW
<collectingCountry id="F320CDD05A0CFFA39FB00118E4F00A34" box="[245,391,1367,1393]" name="Madagascar" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0CFFA39ED70118E7FD0A34" box="[402,650,1367,1393]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mahajanga province</collectingRegion>
, Boeny region,
<collectingRegion id="49F343A25A0CFFA39C0D0118E6BA0A34" box="[840,973,1367,1393]" country="Madagascar" name="Mahajanga" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mahajanga</collectingRegion>
I district.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0CFFA39FF801D8E1C90A9B" box="[189,1214,1431,1503]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF801D8E46A0AF4" blockId="33.[189,285,1431,1457]" box="[189,285,1431,1457]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0CFFA39FF801D8E46A0AF4" bold="true" box="[189,285,1431,1457]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0CFFA39FF801D8E46A0AF4" bold="true" box="[189,285,1431,1457]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF8018AE1C90A9B" blockId="33.[189,1214,1476,1503]" box="[189,1214,1476,1503]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Western (degraded) dry forest; dark clay on calcareous underground; at
<quantity id="4CCF20A55A0CFFA39B4D018AE1340A9A" box="[1032,1091,1477,1503]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="47.0">47 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DDECB5A0CFFA39FF8024BE1A009F1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF8024BE4C2095A" blockId="33.[189,437,1540,1567]" box="[189,437,1540,1567]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0C03A2C5A0CFFA39FF8024BE4C2095A" bold="true" box="[189,437,1540,1567]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94351525A0CFFA39FF8024BE4C2095A" bold="true" box="[189,437,1540,1567]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Conservation status</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B888D405A0CFFA39FF8027DE1A009F1" blockId="33.[189,1399,1586,1717]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Known from only one locality. Given its apparent rarity and following the recommendation of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F0B15A0CFFA39FF8021BE491092A" author="Callmander M. W. &amp; Schatz G. E. &amp; Lowry P. P." box="[189,486,1620,1647]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1047 - 1050" refId="ref18813" refString="Callmander M. W., Schatz G. E. &amp; Lowry P. P. 2005. IUCN Red List assessment and the global strategy for plant conservation: taxonomists must act now. Taxon 54: 1047 - 1050." type="journal article" year="2005">
Callmander
<emphasis id="B94351525A0CFFA39E14021AE4F9092A" box="[337,398,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
to avoid the Data Deficient category, we consider the species as vulnerable (VU D2) based on its restricted area of occupancy (D2) and the high human pressure present in the entire area resulting in a general decline of suitable habitats (dry forest) for the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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