288 lines
31 KiB
XML
288 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="916AE74DFC3022BD05A6CA8535500A0E" ID-CLB-Dataset="42366" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3873.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3762132e-7358-44b3-a430-0708f1fe15f5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="229232" ID-ZooBank="7FCB1765-9A81-4BA7-9633-F896B2B808BA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460937074552" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haukisalmi, Voitto, Hardman, Lotta M., Hoberg, Eric P. & Henttonen, Heikki" docDate="2014" docId="0388DB328C73B86025CFFC661CBF9728" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03873p415.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3873 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rauschoides" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="392" masterDocId="FFB1A34A8C60B8752558FFCC1E559635" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic revision of Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu lato (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="415" masterPageNumber="371" pageNumber="390" updateTime="1698583556843" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C8203AC1FB6A2C86DC8794AD7A866F19">Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic revision of Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu lato (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="92047D25CAB3E4A63B46249EB4C962C2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="92FBC45ACE73C435376D2B57C96E790E">Haukisalmi, Voitto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93734637ED84B0CFACDE3271CE18B279">Hardman, Lotta M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94147D17F91C257E1668D14160F6814A">Hoberg, Eric P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="476532C1F82A8EC54EFDD08C34C607CB">Henttonen, Heikki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6ACF57A6CE0A69F65A786C59722DC138">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B6E400D15F95C5D0CA6ADBCEBEB2B07F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A68B9588357FBDA61A292EB52850CF4A">3873</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388DB328C73B86025CFFC661CBF9728" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5687000" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119590845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5687000" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388DB328C73B86025CFFC661CBF9728" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388DB328C73B86025CFFC661CBF9728" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C73B86625CFFC661EAC95D0" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B86625CFFC661F3995F1" blockId="19.[151,364,938,997]" box="[151,364,938,964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<heading id="D0D6DD488C73B86625CFFC661F3995F1" bold="true" box="[151,364,938,964]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B86625CFFC661F3995F1" bold="true" box="[151,364,938,964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B86625CFFC661F6595F1" box="[151,304,938,964]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B86625CFFC661F6595F1" bold="true" box="[151,304,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Rauschoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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n. g.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B86625CFFC001EAC95D0" blockId="19.[151,364,938,997]" box="[151,249,972,997]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131A76A18C73B86625C7FC001EA495D0" box="[159,241,972,997]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1677,1699]" captionTargetBox="[156,1427,200,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,193,1656]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rauschoides arctica (A, B) and R. alternata (C) from Dicrostonyx groenlandicus. A. Mature proglottid from Wrangel Island (Russia). B. Scolex and neck from Wrangel Island (Russia). C. Mature proglottid from Byron Bay (Canada). Redrawn from Haukisalmi et al. (2001)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229246/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C73B86625CFFBC31F579245" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B86625CFFBC31F579245" blockId="19.[151,1437,1039,1532]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B86625CFFBC31F4B921D" bold="true" box="[151,286,1039,1064]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name of the new genus refers to the late Robert L. Rausch, a pioneer and eminent figure in the taxonomy and zoogeography of anoplocephalids and other cestodes of Arctic mammals. “
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B86621B8FBFF1B389279" box="[1248,1389,1075,1100]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B86621B8FBFF1B389279" box="[1248,1389,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Rauschoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” is feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C73B866259FFBB71CCF905D" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B866259FFBB71A4A93C9" blockId="19.[151,1437,1039,1532]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866259FFBB71F1492A1" bold="true" box="[199,321,1147,1172]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Strobila of moderate length and width; very flat, transparent. Scolex small, merging gradually with neck. Suckers slightly protruding, directed antero-laterally. Neck narrow and usually long. In well-relaxed specimens anterior strobila and neck prominently elongated, thread-like. Proglottids craspedote, but velum short. Length/width ratio of mature proglottids usually high (37–63%). Genital pores either unilateral or frequently (and irregularly) alternating. Genital ducts pass dorsal to longitudinal osmoregulatory canals. Testes antiporal, anterior and antero-poral to ovary, extending beyond ventral longitudinal canals bilaterally. Testes mostly not overlapping ovary. Cirrus sac usually prominent, extending across antiporal longitudinal canals. Vagina tubiform, long, but shorter than cirrus sac. Seminal receptacle large, of variable shape (pyriform, elongate, irregularly ovoid). Ovary median, large, may fill whole space between ventral longitudinal canals. Vitellarium median with respect to ovary. Early uterus extensive, densely reticulated, ventrally overlapping ovary and other organs. In collared lemmings,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B86625CFFA291F4A93C9" box="[151,287,1509,1532]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B86625CFFA291F4A93C9" box="[151,287,1509,1532]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Dicrostonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B866243AFA2F1F8E93C9" box="[354,475,1507,1532]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cricetidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B86624BDFA2F1C3E93C9" box="[485,619,1507,1532]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Arvicolinae">Arvicolinae</taxonomicName>
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) in Arctic Eurasia and North
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<collectingCountry id="F3362AB48C73B86626EEFA2F1A4F93C9" box="[950,1050,1507,1532]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">America</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B86625CFF9E01CE89071" blockId="19.[151,1256,1579,1748]" box="[151,701,1579,1604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<typeStatus id="549AD4868C73B86625CFF9E01E9A9071" box="[151,207,1580,1604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B866246DF9E11C009071" authority="Rausch, 1952" authorityName="Rausch" authorityYear="1952" box="[309,597,1579,1604]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arctica" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866246DF9E11FF79071" box="[309,418,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">R. arctica</emphasis>
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(Rausch, 1952)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2660B4D8C73B8662704F9E01CE89071" box="[604,701,1579,1604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B866240BF9831CCF905D" blockId="19.[151,1256,1579,1748]" box="[339,666,1615,1640]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B866240BF9831CCF905D" authority="Rausch, 1952" authorityName="Rausch" authorityYear="1952" box="[339,666,1615,1640]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Andrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arctica">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866240BF9831FAF9052" box="[339,506,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Andrya arctica</emphasis>
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Rausch, 1952
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C73B866240BF9BF1ABD90E1" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B866240BF9BF1AC09085" blockId="19.[151,1256,1579,1748]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B866240BF9BF1E829085" authority="(Rausch, 1952) Tenora, Murai & Vaucher, 1985 Other" authorityName="(Rausch, 1952) Tenora, Murai & Vaucher, 1985 Other" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arctica">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866240BF9BF1C2D90B9" box="[339,632,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Paranoplocephala arctica</emphasis>
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(Rausch, 1952)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB017D58C73B866266AF9B81AC390B9" author="Tenora" box="[818,1174,1651,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" refString="Tenora, F., Murai, E. & Vaucher, C. (1985 b) On some Paranoplocephala species (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) parasitizing rodents (Rodentia) in Europe. Parasitologica Hungarica, 18, 29 - 48." type="journal article" year="1985">Tenora, Murai & Vaucher, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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Other
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</taxonomicName>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B8662465F9541A799085" authority="Haukisalmi, Wickstrom, Hantula & Henttonen, 2001" authorityName="Haukisalmi, Wickstrom, Hantula & Henttonen" authorityYear="2001" box="[317,1068,1687,1712]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alternata" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B8662465F9541F969085" box="[317,451,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">R. alternata</emphasis>
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(Haukisalmi, Wickström, Hantula & Henttonen, 2001)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2660B4D8C73B866216BF9541AC09085" box="[1075,1173,1687,1712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B866240BF9771ABD90E1" blockId="19.[151,1256,1579,1748]" box="[339,1256,1723,1748]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B866240BF9771ABD90E1" authority="Haukisalmi, Wickstrom, Hantula & Henttonen, 2001" authorityName="Haukisalmi, Wickstrom, Hantula & Henttonen" authorityYear="2001" box="[339,1256,1723,1748]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alternata">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866240BF9771CC490E1" box="[339,657,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Paranoplocephala alternata</emphasis>
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Haukisalmi, Wickström, Hantula & Henttonen, 2001
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C73B86625CFF8CF1C1A9129" box="[151,591,1795,1820]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B86625CFF8CF1C1A9129" blockId="19.[151,1436,1795,2036]" box="[151,591,1795,1820]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
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<typeStatus id="549AD4868C73B86625CFF8CF1EAA9129" box="[151,255,1795,1820]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B866247CF8C91FC79129" box="[292,402,1797,1820]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arctica">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866247CF8C91FC79129" box="[292,402,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">R. arctica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED30F2E18C73B86624F8F8C81FAF9129" box="[416,506,1796,1820]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ppqr-es1r" name="United States National Parasite Collection" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">USNPC</collectionCode>
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37356.
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C73B860259FF8EB1CBF9728" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C73B866259FF8EB1A3F91C1" blockId="19.[151,1436,1795,2036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866259FF8EB1F619175" bold="true" box="[199,308,1831,1856]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Remarks</emphasis>
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. The comparison of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B8662743F8EB1CFD9175" box="[539,680,1831,1856]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B8662743F8EB1CFD9175" box="[539,680,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Rauschoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with morphologically related genera is complicated by the fact that the former occurs as two distinct morphotypes corresponding to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B866263CF8811D859151" box="[868,976,1869,1892]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866263CF8811D859151" box="[868,976,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">R. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B866215DF8811ADE9151" box="[1029,1163,1867,1892]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866215DF8811ADE9151" box="[1029,1163,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">R. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These morphotypes are genetically rather similar, one of the molecular markers suggesting that they might actually be conspecific (Wickström
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B866247AF8591F0F9199" box="[290,346,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB017D58C73B86624FEF85F1CF19199" author="Wickstrom" box="[422,676,1939,1964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" refString="Wickstrom, L. M., Haukisalmi, V., Varis, S., Hantula, J., Fedorov, V. B. & Henttonen, H. (2003) Phylogeography of the circumpolar Paranoplocephala arctica species complex (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) parasitizing collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx spp.). Molecular Ecology, 12, 3359 - 3371. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2001. tb 01321. x" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Wickström
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B8662770F8591C349199" box="[552,609,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B86627EEF85F1DCD9199" box="[694,920,1939,1964]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B86627EEF85F1DCD9199" box="[694,920,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">Rauschoides arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="549AD4868C73B86626FFF8581D8C9199" box="[935,985,1940,1964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species) has unilateral genital pores and testes that do not extend beyond the poral ventral canal, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C73B86626C4F8741A7391E5" box="[924,1062,1975,2000]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="19" pageNumber="390" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C73B86626C4F8741A7391E5" box="[924,1062,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="390">R. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has frequently (and irregularly) alternating genital pores and testes that regularly extend beyond the poral ventral canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E3AAC8C74B86125CFF9411C7B90D5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229246/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" targetBox="[156,1427,200,1648]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C74B86125CFF9411C7B90D5" blockId="20.[151,1436,1677,1760]" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B86125CFF9411F4E9096" bold="true" box="[151,283,1677,1699]" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">FIGURE 14</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B8612473F9411FAE9096" box="[299,507,1677,1699]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B8612473F9411FAE9096" box="[299,507,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Rauschoides arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A, B) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B8612725F9421CAC9096" box="[637,761,1677,1699]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B8612725F9421CAC9096" box="[637,761,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">R. alternata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C) from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B861263FF9421A2E9096" box="[871,1147,1677,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Dicrostonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B861263FF9421A2E9096" box="[871,1147,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Dicrostonyx groenlandicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Mature proglottid from Wrangel Island (Russia). B. Scolex and neck from Wrangel Island (Russia). C. Mature proglottid from Byron Bay (Canada). Redrawn from Haukisalmi
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B86124F3F9071F8B90D5" box="[427,478,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C74B861259FF8C41B6991E0" blockId="20.[151,1436,1799,2005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">
|
||
Among the five genera characterized by a narrow neck and long vagina (group 3.1.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B86121E8F8CB1B6B9115" box="[1200,1342,1799,1824]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B86121E8F8CB1B6B9115" box="[1200,1342,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Rauschoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B8612455F8E01FD59170" box="[269,384,1836,1861]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Douthittia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B8612455F8E01FD59170" box="[269,384,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Douthittia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B86124E4F8E11C6C9171" box="[444,569,1837,1860]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Eurotaenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B86124E4F8E11C6C9171" box="[444,569,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Eurotaenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B8612714F8E01C9B9176" box="[588,718,1836,1859]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Arctocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B8612714F8E01C9B9176" box="[588,718,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Arctocestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B8612652F8E11D2F9171" box="[778,890,1837,1860]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Lemminia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B8612652F8E11D2F9171" box="[778,890,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Lemminia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a less extensive transverse distribution of testes in the poral part of the proglottid). Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B8612608F8831D96915D" box="[848,963,1871,1896]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Douthittia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B8612608F8831D96915D" box="[848,963,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Douthittia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B861215DF89D1AD7915D" box="[1029,1154,1873,1896]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Eurotaenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B861215DF89D1AD7915D" box="[1029,1154,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Eurotaenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B86121CEF8831B76915D" box="[1174,1315,1871,1896]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B86121CEF8831B76915D" box="[1174,1315,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Rauschoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more numerous testes in the antiporal lateral field and a larger and less symmetrical seminal receptacle. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B86125CFF85B1F719185" box="[151,292,1943,1968]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B86125CFF85B1F719185" box="[151,292,1943,1968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Rauschoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. have, on average, the smallest scoleces among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B86126D2F85B1A0F9185" box="[906,1114,1943,1968]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B86126D2F85B1A0F9185" box="[906,1114,1943,1968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Paranoplocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2660B4D8C74B861213CF8541ADA9185" box="[1124,1167,1943,1968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and their strobilae are very flat, often transparent, which also seems to differentiate it from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C74B8612681F8701AFC91E0" box="[985,1193,1980,2005]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="20" pageNumber="391" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C74B8612681F8701AFC91E0" box="[985,1193,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="391">Paranoplocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C75B860259FFF5B1CBF9728" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C75B8602461FF5B1F939685" box="[313,454,151,176]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="21" pageNumber="392" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C75B8602461FF5B1F939685" box="[313,454,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">Rauschoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a strong phylogenetic association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C75B8602682FF541A959685" box="[986,1216,152,176]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Arctocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="21" pageNumber="392" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C75B8602682FF541A959685" box="[986,1216,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">Arctocestus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C75B86021BFFF5B1B4A9685" box="[1255,1311,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">nad1</emphasis>
|
||
data and a moderately supported (94%) association in
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C75B86027DEFF701CE996E1" box="[646,700,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
data, the high genetic divergence and morphological differences support the independent status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C75B8602774FF131CEC96CD" box="[556,697,223,248]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="21" pageNumber="392" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C75B8602774FF131CEC96CD" box="[556,697,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">Rauschoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C75B86027A4FF2C1D2B96C2" box="[764,894,224,247]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Arctocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="21" pageNumber="392" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C75B86027A4FF2C1D2B96C2" box="[764,894,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">Arctocestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C75B86021AAFF131B2A96CD" box="[1266,1407,223,248]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Rauschoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="21" pageNumber="392" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C75B86021AAFF131B2A96CD" box="[1266,1407,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">Rauschoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C75B86025CFFEC81F4C972E" box="[151,281,260,283]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Arctocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="21" pageNumber="392" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C75B86025CFFEC81F4C972E" box="[151,281,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">Arctocestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955B6368C75B8602433FEC81FF69728" box="[363,419,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="392">nad1</emphasis>
|
||
data) remains undetermined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |