382 lines
40 KiB
XML
382 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" ID-PMC="PMC5523356" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" ID-PubMed="28769729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149788" ID-ZooBank="D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-51" checkinTime="1502744546974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Anzaldo, Salvatore S." docDate="2017" docId="A67F016C93D8D414C78C5C3BFC5CB328" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 51-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docPubDate="2017-07-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" docTitle="Hoplocopturus Heller 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" masterDocTitle="Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1668164589837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anzaldo, Salvatore S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 - 4501, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sanzaldo@asu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-07-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>683</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-683-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1149788</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649130" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67F016C93D8D414C78C5C3BFC5CB328" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A67F016C93D8D414C78C5C3BFC5CB328" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A67F016C-93D8-D414-C78C-5C3BFC5CB328" authority="Heller, 1895: 50" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplocopturus Heller, 1895: 50</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–9" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 9. Variation in the mesoventrite. 1 Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000616] showing a prosternal rostral " sheath " with the sides converging below the procoxae, the transverse ridge anterior to the mesocoxae and the region of the mesoventrite posterior to the ridge with dense yellow scales 2 Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS 0000527] showing a cup-shaped receptacle for receiving the rostrum 3 Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] with an " open " channel on the mesoventrite 4 Pseudopinarus condyliatus [SSAC 0001116] with an " open " channel on the mesoventrite 5 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016914] showing a flat, unmodified mesoventrite 6 Copturus sanguinicollis [ASUHIC 0086638] showing a closed receptacle on the mesoventrite with lateral flanges 7 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] showing a rostral channel of the mesoventrite formed by relatively parallel carinae and no posterior termination 8 Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] 9 Hoplocopturus javeti [SSAC 0001289] with an inverted U-shaped carina and the region posterior to the carina invaginated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures1–8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143826" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Figs 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 55–66" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 55 - 66. Miscellaneous morphological structures. 55 Hoplocopturus sulphureus [ARTSYS 0000801] with an overlay showing an elongate second funicular article that is more than twice the length of the first 56 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001064] with an overlay showing a second funicular article that is subequal to the first, and seven distinct funicular articles 57 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing a funiculus composed of six articles 58 Microzurus sp. [SSAC 0001290] showing a short, slender fifth tarsal article and minute claws 59 Philides comans [ARTSYS 0000804] with a broad tooth at the base of the tarsal claw 60 Left metafemoral apex of Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] that is unarmed at the mesal and lateral faces 61 Left metafemoral apex of Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a tooth only at the mesal face 62 Left metafemoral apex of Peltophorus polymitus seminiveus [SSAC 0001117] showing a small tooth at both mesal and lateral faces 63 Left metafemoral apex of Hoplocopturus sulphureus [ARTSYS 0000801] showing a small tooth at the lateral face and an acuminate process at the mesal face 64 Metaventrite of Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [SSAC 0001291] showing deep, arcuate sulc 65 Lateral view of the metathorax of Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] showing a large tubercle in anterior to the metacoxa 66 Dorsal view of the profemora of Copturomimus caeruleotinctus [SSAC 0001059] showing denuded, striolate regions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures55–66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143835" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">, 55</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 55–66" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 55 - 66. Miscellaneous morphological structures. 55 Hoplocopturus sulphureus [ARTSYS 0000801] with an overlay showing an elongate second funicular article that is more than twice the length of the first 56 Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001064] with an overlay showing a second funicular article that is subequal to the first, and seven distinct funicular articles 57 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] showing a funiculus composed of six articles 58 Microzurus sp. [SSAC 0001290] showing a short, slender fifth tarsal article and minute claws 59 Philides comans [ARTSYS 0000804] with a broad tooth at the base of the tarsal claw 60 Left metafemoral apex of Piazurus trifoveatus [SSAC 0001118] that is unarmed at the mesal and lateral faces 61 Left metafemoral apex of Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a tooth only at the mesal face 62 Left metafemoral apex of Peltophorus polymitus seminiveus [SSAC 0001117] showing a small tooth at both mesal and lateral faces 63 Left metafemoral apex of Hoplocopturus sulphureus [ARTSYS 0000801] showing a small tooth at the lateral face and an acuminate process at the mesal face 64 Metaventrite of Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [SSAC 0001291] showing deep, arcuate sulc 65 Lateral view of the metathorax of Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000796] showing a large tubercle in anterior to the metacoxa 66 Dorsal view of the profemora of Copturomimus caeruleotinctus [SSAC 0001059] showing denuded, striolate regions." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures55–66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143835" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">, 63</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 79–82" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 79 - 82. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Lechriopini. 79 a-b Eulechriops minutus [ASUHIC 0024145] 80 a-b Euzurus ornativentris [ARTSYS 0000800]. 81 a-b Hoplocopturus varipes [SSAC 0001086] 82 a-b Lechriops vestitus [SSAC 0001114]. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures79–82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143834" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">, 81</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Copturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturus armatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Copturus armatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gyllenhal, 1838 [by original designation].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="gender">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Gender.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Masculine.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures55–66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143835" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" start="Figures 55–66" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Figures 55-66.</emphasis>
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Miscellaneous morphological structures.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">55</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus sulphureus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulphureus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus sulphureus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[ARTSYS0000801] with an overlay showing an elongate second funicular article that is more than twice the length of the first
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">56</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lissoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lissoderes subnudus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subnudus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Lissoderes subnudus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[SSAC0001064] with an overlay showing a second funicular article that is subequal to the first, and seven distinct funicular articles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">57</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philinna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philinna bicristata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicristata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Philinna bicristata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[ARTSYS0000799] showing a funiculus composed of six articles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">58</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microzurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Microzurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. [SSAC0001290] showing a short, slender fifth tarsal article and minute claws
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">59</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Viscaceae" genus="Philides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philides comans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comans">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Philides comans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[ARTSYS0000804] with a broad tooth at the base of the tarsal claw
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">60</emphasis>
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Left metafemoral apex of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Lecythidaceae" genus="Piazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piazurus trifoveatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifoveatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Piazurus trifoveatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[SSAC0001118] that is unarmed at the mesal and lateral faces
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">61</emphasis>
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Left metafemoral apex of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sleeper" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Santalaceae" genus="Cylindrocopturinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrocopturinus pictus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Cylindrocopturinus pictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[SSAC0001288] with a tooth only at the mesal face
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">62</emphasis>
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Left metafemoral apex of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peltophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltophorus polymitus subsp. seminiveus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="polymitus" subSpecies="seminiveus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Peltophorus polymitus seminiveus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[SSAC0001117] showing a small tooth at both mesal and lateral faces
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">63</emphasis>
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Left metafemoral apex of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus sulphureus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulphureus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus sulphureus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[ARTSYS0000801] showing a small tooth at the lateral face and an acuminate process at the mesal face
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">64</emphasis>
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Metaventrite of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudopiazurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centraliamericanus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[SSAC0001291] showing deep, arcuate sulc
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">65</emphasis>
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Lateral view of the metathorax of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euzurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euzurus ornativentris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornativentris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Euzurus ornativentris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[ARTSYS0000796] showing a large tubercle in anterior to the metacoxa
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">66</emphasis>
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Dorsal view of the profemora of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lauraceae" genus="Copturomimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copturomimus caeruleotinctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleotinctus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Copturomimus caeruleotinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[SSAC0001059] showing denuded, striolate regions.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
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As originally distinguished from the rest of the New World conoderines by
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<bibRefCitation author="Heller, KM" journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Publications in Biology" pageId="54" pageNumber="105" refId="B56" refString="Heller, KM, 1895. Zygopiden-Studien II, mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattung Copturus. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koeniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden 1894/95 (11): 1-70." title="Zygopiden-Studien II, mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattung Copturus. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koeniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden 1894 / 95 (11): 1 - 70." year="1895">Heller (1895)</bibRefCitation>
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in his key to genera,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the South American
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Balaninurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balaninurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Balaninurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Heller, 1895 have an arcuate carina on the mesoventrite. This character separates
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Central American lechriopine genera that have an elongate second funicular article, carinate and ventrally toothed femora and modification to the mesoventrite, especially the often very similar looking species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Lechriops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. From
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus caloderes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caloderes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus caloderes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Heller, 1895 (the only species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at the time),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heller, KM" journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Publications in Biology" pageId="54" pageNumber="105" refId="B56" refString="Heller, KM, 1895. Zygopiden-Studien II, mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattung Copturus. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koeniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden 1894/95 (11): 1-70." title="Zygopiden-Studien II, mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Gattung Copturus. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koeniglichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden 1894 / 95 (11): 1 - 70." year="1895">Heller (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the length of the rostrum and the corresponding rostral channel - in his key,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have a rostrum that does not extend beyong the mesocoxae, while
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus caloderes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caloderes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus caloderes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a rostrum channel and rostrum that extends to the first abdominal ventrite.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion (1906b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added several species to each genus, mentioning that "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is connected to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by intermediate forms, and it can only be separated therefrom by the shorter rostrum" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion 1906b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 53). Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by Champion (except
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. longispinis" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="longispinis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">M. longispinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1906) have a rostrum that extends at least to the posterior margin of the metaventrite, and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(except
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. javeti" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="javeti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">H. javeti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1906 and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. nigripes" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">H. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1906) have a shorter rostrum. Those species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a rostrum that reaches near the middle of the metaventrite are additionally difficult to separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they have a similar coloration to all described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the "red-eyed fly" mimicry complex) and the region of the mesoventrite posterior to the arcuate carina is invaginated under the carina (not simply a semicircular depression as in other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Despite these exceptions, the following characters can be used to separate many of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: rostrum shorter (never reaching the posterior margin of the metaventrite) and the rostral apex cylindrical (apically flattened and dilated in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The hind femora of both genera can be carinate or not and the femoral apex typically has an elongate spine at the mesal face.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Some species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. varipes" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="varipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">H. varipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1906) have a mesoventrite densely covered in scales and the distinguishing carina is difficult to see. Most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not clear members of a mimicry complex with the exception of a few species belonging to the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“blue-thorax”">"blue-thorax"</normalizedToken>
|
||
complex and two described and several undescribed belonging to the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“red-headed”">"red-headed"</normalizedToken>
|
||
fly-mimicking complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="55" pageNumber="106" pagination="671 - 685" refId="B72" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2005. Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107 (3): 671 - 685" title="Weevils of the genera Archocopturus Heller and Zygopsella Champion: sibling species and mimetic homoplasy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." volume="107" year="2005">Hespenheide 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but all described (and almost all observed undescribed) species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to the "red-headed fly" complex. The species that have the "red-headed fly" coloration pattern are the most difficult to separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Keys" lsidName="Keys" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">Keys</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Champion 1906: 53 (for Central America).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="phylogenetic relationships">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Balaninurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Balaninurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Balaninurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sharing with those genera the arcuate carina on the mesoventrite. Some species are very similar looking to certain
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lechriops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lechriops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Lechriops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Meliaceae" genus="Macrocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Macrocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sherrywernerorum" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="sherrywernerorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">H. sherrywernerorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hespenheide, 2009 and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. costatipennis" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="costatipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">H. costatipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1906, respectively), but the structure of the mesoventrite easily separates the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from those genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Host associations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Some
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hoplocopturus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplocopturus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Hoplocopturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. varipes" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="varipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">H. varipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Champion, 1906) can be found on the upper and lower surface of the large leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Xanthosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xanthosoma" order="Alismatales" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Xanthosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schott (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Alismatales" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Juss.) [SSAC0001086], a plant family association with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Alismatales" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been made in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mnemynurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mnemynurus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mnemynurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below). One species has been collected on treefalls of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sterculia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sterculia" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Sterculia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sterculioideae">Sterculioideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Burnett) [STRI_ENT_0082473, SSAC0001292].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="described species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Described species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Eighteen species are known from the focal region (with one more described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/1158.1" author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="56" pageNumber="107" pagination="333 - 339" refId="B76" refString="Hespenheide, HA, 2009. Two new weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. The Coleopterists Bulletin 63 (3): 333 - 339, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/1158.1" title="Two new weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/1158.1" volume="63" year="2009">Hespenheide 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and an additional 12 species are known only in South America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wibmer, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number" pageId="58" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 563" refId="B153" refString="Wibmer, GJ, O'Brien, CW, 1986. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute Number 39: 1 - 563" title="Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="39" year="1986">
|
||
Wibmer and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 270).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="78" type="range">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Range.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="78">Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; South America.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |