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<document id="A367C9F53CB41266402516FDFEFAA147" ID-CLB-Dataset="34501" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4366e50-a271-44c0-bdef-b52c8cad0b85" ID-PMC="PMC3560839" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-252-1" ID-PubMed="23378811" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-252-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 252" ModsDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" checkinTime="1451247847790" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bond, Jason E." docDate="2012" docId="A485D2F9F1DA4D708BD830118B58F097" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 252: 1-209" docOrigin="ZooKeys 252" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" docTitle="Aptostichus miwok Bond 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFAD871BFFD4FF8CFFED1A5CFFE7FFA0" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" masterLastPageNumber="209" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1732926495302" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A81D78D91B28BDA0EB4E068C4C983C3D">Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="22DA6C0179F8FCFDB400A1EA81DAB1AC">Bond, Jason E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="B458F8E88542EF269253FC4F5B0B3FB3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A485D2F9F1DA4D708BD830118B58F097" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039283" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A485D2F9F1DA4D708BD830118B58F097" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A485D2F9F1DA4D708BD830118B58F097" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" scope_family="Euctenizidae" scope_order="Araneae" scope_subFamily="Apomastinae">
<subSubSection id="D6F97E5C4C50D1608316B416F42640FA" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="93C6EDF86B84D8A4AA41802464E9B215" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="67E870ACBEFBB69CB44935916EE5671E" ID-CoL="5W2D7" LSID="The Miwok Trapdoor Spider" authority="Bond, 2008" authorityName="Bond" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok Bond, 2008</taxonomicName>
Figures 98-105Map 8, 9
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F75D4BED3C52C7D79F55BD57FB38CEC2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="22C6AE5E33BBC667D2D269D887E6CEE2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="771728B1C3B14DD56A564C17ECB947C2" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
Bond, 2008: 646. Female holotype (MY301; EU69907) from California, Humboldt Co., Clam Beach Co. Park, just S Crannell Rd exit on Clam Beach Dr, near Little River, 41.01333, -124.10923 1, elev. 3m, coll., J. Bond &amp; M. Hedin 13.i.02 in CAS, examined; male paratype (AP149) from Farallon Island, San Francisco Co., California, in CAS, examined).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="557EFD6C20452EC283291CC04485BBD2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6AB8932670CC541A2EE4B65826ACE4F8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB68A113022A0CE8C0BEF1C83BFDAF04" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Based on morphological features alone (Figs 98-103) this species can be difficult to diagnose from geographically proximate sibling species,
<taxonomicName id="0FDFDB30B7F2CF63C52BC020A96BED68" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F128A5396B20F62774C0BC43E28A3666" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B6252E63AAA768F12A8D136A4CFA1B36" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
but can be distinguished on the basis of a set of unique mtDNA nucleotide substitutions (see
<bibRefCitation id="406035EF02F7276D5CA1DD01D546F0BC" author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman 2008</bibRefCitation>
). The species is restricted in distribution to the coastal dune habitats of Marin, Sonoma, Mendocino, Humboldt, and Del Norte Counties (California). Individuals of
<taxonomicName id="6D8E558E717963180BD15ED9BA3975D6" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
, found only in inland habitats,are much darker in coloration whereas
<taxonomicName id="42C7EE9AE8F81533DFA2FAA413A5E43B" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
specimens are much lighter (Figs 104, 105).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="967517220C053DD36375C1D2D99B38EC" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="4DF323CC824C38F819DEECB97120C141" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83DDAB8A8DDDD6C15B35B214034D3980" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Described by Bond (2008).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2C222221C56B23B434553BD723E30A11" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="0AB5668818790E17BA96B6538C5E703F" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1207E2188284555B89F4B6B4F06E9F8F" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
United States: California: Del Norte Co.: Smith River St Park, Beach 1km W Kellogg Rd from Lower Lake Rd, 41.8695, -124.2073 1, 0m, J Bond, M Hedin 14.i.02 [MY290-93, 95, 3♀ 2juv, AUMNH]; Humboldt Co.: ~3.2km W Arcata, Lanphere-Christensen Dune Preserve, 40.8823, -124.1478 3, 3m, E Schlinger 26.vii.75 [AP522, 1♀, CAS]; Clam Beach Co Park, just S Crannell Rd exit on Clam Beach Dr, near Little River, 41.0133, -124.1092 1, 3m, J Bond, M Hedin 13.i.02 [MY300-04, 5♀, AUMNH]; S Spit Humboldt Bay, 40.6979, -124.2725 1, 0m, M Hedin, M Lowder 22.vi.00 [MY702-04, 3♀, AUMNH]; S Spit Humboldt Bay, S Eureka, 40.6992, -124.2738 1, 3m, M Hedin, R Keith, S Thomas, J Starrett 14.iii.06 [MY3542-46, 4♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; Trinidad, 41.0571, -124.1419 5, 8m, B Malkin 29.v.69 [AP266, 1♀, AMNH]; Hwy 96, N of Willow Creek, 41.0096, -123.6455 1, 210m, J Bond, A Stockman, D Beamer 15.iii.05 [MY3052, 1juv, AUMNH]; Marin Co.: Dillon St Beach, 38.2494, -122.9675 1, 3m, J Bond 14.v.97 [AP763, 764, 793, 805, 4juv, AUMNH]; N Beach, P Reyes Natl Seashore, 38.0011, -122.9973 5, 30m, E Rogers, 13.v.72 [AP465, 1♀, SCW]; E Schlinger 14.vi.75 [AP469, 1♀, CAS]; C Griswold 31.iii.75 [AP476, 1♀, CAS]; [AP479, 1♀, AMNH]; C Griswold 16.viii.81 [AP499, 1♀, CAS]; H Ewing 14.v.71 [AP1276, 1juv, CAS]; Pt Reyes Natl Seashore, 38.0262, -122.8831 3, 3m, J Cate 12.v.73 [AP1274, 1juv, CAS]; Dillon Beach, 38.2499, -122.9676 2, 1♂, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3528, 1juv, AUMNH]; Pt Reyes Natl Seashore Kehoe Beach, 38.1553, -122.9483 1, 9m, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3524-27, 1♀ 1♂ 3juv, AUMNH]; Pt Reyes Natl Seashore, Limantour Beach, 38.0262, -122.8831 1, 3m,
<pageBreakToken id="CF37B823C7D15FA8E8C017C312FC0463" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">A</pageBreakToken>
Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3521-23, 2♀, 1 juv, AUMNH]; Mendocino Co.: 6.4km N Ft Bragg, Inglenook Fen area, 39.5304, -123.7712 3, 12m, L Keram 11.iv.73 [AP520, 1♀, CAS]; E Schlinger 17.vi.73 [AP521, 1♀, CAS]; Hwy 1, just S Ten Mile River crossing, N Ingelnook, dunefield W hwy, 39.5476, -123.7631 1, 5m, M Hedin, J Starrett 13.iii.06 [MY3538-41, 3♀ 1juv, AUMNH]; Inglenook Dunes, 39.5304, -123.7712 3, 10m, R Jackson 1.xi.74 [AP1269, 1♂, CAS], 19.iv.75 [AP1270, 1♂, CAS]; E Schlinger 30.iv.73 [AP1271, 1juv, CAS], 22.vii.72 [AP1272, 3juv, CAS]; N Inglenook Sand Dunes, 39.5422, -123.7618 1, 37m, J Bond, A Stockman, D Beamer 14.iii.05 [MY3049, 1juv, AUMNH]; San Francisco Co.: Petrel Bluff, 37.6978, -123.0017 7, 3m, M Ramirez 31.viii.86 [AP498, 5♀, 2juv, CAS]; SE Farallon Island, 37.6978, -123.0024 4, 7m, M Ramirez 1.ix.86 [AP438, 5♂, CAS], 2.ix.86 [AP475, 482, 149, 1♂ 2♀, CAS; AP491, 1juv, AMNH], 2.ix.88 [AP492, 2♀, AMNH], 1.ix.88 [AP007, 1♀, CAS], 30.viii.88 [AP189, 8♀, AMNH]; P Anderson 20.xii.56 [AP481, 1♀, 2juv, AMNH]; W Azevedo 12.iv.70 [AP494, 3♀, AMNH]; D Spadoni 10.iii.69 [AP505, 1♀ 1♂ 1juv, CAS]; D Hanna 6.v.49 [AP483, 2juv, AMNH]; H Leech 18.xi.49 [AP484, 6juv, AMNH]; W Hazeltine 23.x.51 [AP486, 2juv, AMNH]; H Keifer 15.x.26 [AP487, 1juv, AMNH]; E Bixford 17.iv.29 [AP502, 1♀, AMNH]; Sonoma Co.: Bodega Bay Dunes, 38.3137, -123.0391 3, 1m, R Robertson 16.ix.92 [AP493, 1♂, CAS]; Sonoma Coast St Beach, Bodega Dunes, 38.3389, -123.06149 1, 47m, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3529-32, 4juv, AUMNH].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05178A6BFB773E02526707D0FD664632" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Variation, males (4). Cl 4.50-5.94, 5.35
<normalizedToken id="4569591F06F03BB98041C6E0605336D9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.30; Cw 4.25-5.00, 4.65
<normalizedToken id="E02D83725ABDC1175630676529160185" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.18; STRl 2.48-3.04, 2.78
<normalizedToken id="91E01DD91DF2DFBC9676C83C7EF8DF5D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.13; STRw 2.33-2.73, 2.52
<normalizedToken id="2443AF799C39A551304F9A80F7BF2237" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.08; LBw 0.85-0.87, 0.86
<normalizedToken id="5333C339AD2292D16F7EAC3CD3F62457" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; LBl 0.43-0.60, 0.50
<normalizedToken id="CF154AF24B440FF19E7F12E437726DD1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.04; leg I: 4.10-5.30, 4.76
<normalizedToken id="FBFD70727F55D5A7C7E12A25C03E1F6D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.26; 2.48-3.50, 3.10
<normalizedToken id="0286F159843E3CBDCBD824050108302E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.23; 2.36-3.30, 3.00
<normalizedToken id="075B62C149149D7C3F062760A3F94A5F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.22; 1.52-2.00, 1.81
<normalizedToken id="9E7EF9C2B6142D68C77339AC3B05553E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.11; 1.55-2.05, 1.87
<normalizedToken id="CF35B5C759880814ECBC711C02B1F839" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.11; leg IV: 3.80-5.05, 4.44
<normalizedToken id="3DB909B261A6500990762C111C46A4BB" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.26; 2.00-2.50, 2.25
<normalizedToken id="4F8C60E0086394BA83C14AE2047FF391" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.1; PTl 1.85-2.38, 2.21
<normalizedToken id="5F8E1CF6D633EA98EF1AA8F54BA762E5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.13; PTw 0.71-0.85, 0.79
<normalizedToken id="56BFE98460CA623281505231D42FC1C2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03; Bl 0.85-1.17, 1.04
<normalizedToken id="3EB882816AC2CB689ABC31BD1CB2D63D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.07; TSp 4-6, 4.75
<normalizedToken id="A2D94A988942F1B9E9A637185A710B23" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.48; TSr 1-3, 2.25
<normalizedToken id="D5244E46B48FBE9D2CDF2E8869433240" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.48; TSrd 4-5, 4.75
<normalizedToken id="6BD990D06897EEFB1191C9D2D5FBA841" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.25.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8EBA2DBEF33AAA58949EB6EC9E71E7B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Variation, females (5). Cl 6.06-7.00, 6.51
<normalizedToken id="8CB7C00D3A6F48AB613E96528838671D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.19; Cw 5.69-6.40, 6.01
<normalizedToken id="DAFCAC0307C57D12F4F9DD5DD0BAD41D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.14; STRl 3.32-4.00, 3.69
<normalizedToken id="1D171F55254225CE22CFAC01E1175672" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.12; STRw 3.29-3.75, 3.50
<normalizedToken id="EF09F58A30E688799A667F12F1F80362" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.10; LBw 1.11-1.36, 1.24
<normalizedToken id="167D8C266D550E81E5D0508C9CB9ED06" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05; LBl 0.68-0.94, 0.81
<normalizedToken id="4D97EB96CB189E0D039003482D88E0A0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05; Leg I: 13.00-16.15, 14.30
<normalizedToken id="997444F004D140FECED36A0BF2F4A182" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.59; ANTd 5-8, 6.80
<normalizedToken id="815CA18B7369C7012AE366E3CFEFED88" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.49; PTLs 16-25, 21.80
<normalizedToken id="BBADE1647F264FB426C5DFD89547D82A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.59; TBs 3-6, 5.20
<normalizedToken id="2573655DD2C2E9DE8E0F85F5E78E4921" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.58.
</paragraph>
<caption id="64CAADCDC08692E26A7E4E2DA76C05FF" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph id="55F2CA651FB66F417F485FA729278AA5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figures 98-103.
<taxonomicName id="1BB9F356E039399434C8674E79348D5D" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
Bond, 2008. 98 male habitus from Mendocino Co., Inglenook Dunes (AP1270) [805812] 99-101 male paratype (AP149) from San Francisco Co., Farallon Islands; scale bars = 1.0mm 99 retrolateral aspect, leg I [805801] 100 prolateral aspect, leg I [805797] 101 retrolateral aspect, pedipalp [805803] 102 female habitus from Mendocino Co., Inglenook Dunes (AP520) [805808] 103 spermathecae, female holotype (MY301) [805804]; scale bar = 0.10mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="4BB2F344FC89549205E17611E3C931A3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph id="4E7C72FA79EED69010411862CCDCFE9D" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Figures 104, 105.
<taxonomicName id="0A513E6F113E243F49A4C5839538BECB" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
from Mendocino Co., Inglenook Dunes area, live photographs. 104 male specimen (AUMS18) 105 female specimen (AUMS16).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="803A1DA5C189088CCA4C092E340AEB4D" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="genbank accessions">
<paragraph id="7109DE5BB1C0B689E1ACA49489DCAFB6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">GenBank accessions.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5EF36B9106536271EA4223A5B20ED37A" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">16S-tRNAval-12S: EU569901-EU569910, EU569919-EU569921, EU569922, EU569927-EU569929, EU570022, EU570035, JX103340-JX103353; 18S (partial)-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2: EU569893, EU569894.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="80F20FDE8FB95EC011ADA3B8D7BB15F1" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7CC93FA176F1EA5889F5C8815314C9E6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FCCB88014CFD1CC2D8FF1C58142DBDBF" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="764A7FBE22449D813B4258DEA047BD3F" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
is distributed throughout the geographically disjunct coastal dune habitats of Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, Sonoma, Marin, and San Francisco counties of central and northern California (Map 8). A single inland specimen (Humboldt) is placed with this species on the basis of the molecular data. The DM for
<taxonomicName id="B5C4D6DF8AF513734EA454EA267F39CE" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
(Map 9) corresponds closely to the known occurrences with the largest areas of high probability of occurrence in the more northern extent of the
<normalizedToken id="15FEF66BE7E0AA6DD02C7F942F689A80" originalValue="species">species'</normalizedToken>
distribution. The model indicates that inland localities may be suitable despite the paucity of known inland populations. The habitat requirements and general burrow structure is very similar to that described for
<taxonomicName id="05BBE22DB55779507A9494D47101E661" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
.
<pageBreakToken id="05493F80F70BC435CA53BA0FB7A053F1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">All</pageBreakToken>
populations are located in the coastal dune habitat. Males have been collected in the months of September, November, January, March, and April.
</paragraph>
<caption id="83616FEA764A89462E724F1498EFDB87" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<paragraph id="F3CB84ACD40F8F665A86ACAABEC862DD" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Maps 8, 9.
<taxonomicName id="52CD3C03FC3B79FCB409F57BF342C88D" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
Bond 2008. 8 distribution of known specimens 9 predicted distribution; cooler
<normalizedToken id="FBC0C641C3E6F2E7A929DD427B4123AA" originalValue="colorsblue">colors-blue</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4435D44BDC34C8A4B3A2815A40709A4F" originalValue="shadesrepresent">shades-represent</normalizedToken>
areas of high probability of occurrence, warmer
<normalizedToken id="31C6DA253DFDA78B8194BAE6A5DDF173" originalValue="colorsyellow">colors-yellow</normalizedToken>
and orange
<normalizedToken id="82808925790EE7712D199A4F70560F03" originalValue="shadesrepresent">shades-represent</normalizedToken>
areas of low probability of occurrence.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8C2ACC80A5F9D6077D64FDAB2704E1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="BD22CFF4242D3118F8B46EB24AD34C25" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE65AEC37AAD374463516ABEAA8CBF9F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="B863CCFAC2F7EA4F2085CCC79F4E7A10" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
is abundant and widespread across its distribution and thus is likely classified as secure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="299431C45FAF79D6E6F422368D0C04CA" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="species concept applied">
<paragraph id="1BBC4276942B595939D454C44760825E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Species concept applied.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA851A2F6A4186959C42EE5AC5B41BDB" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Cohesion.
<taxonomicName id="C0CA393FE60250EC7DC65B4C6FDD7DA2" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
is considered to be ecological non-interchangeable from other closely related
<normalizedToken id="B154A73F168457F8C6E2DF0A00183B19" originalValue="lineagesit">lineages-it</normalizedToken>
is restricted to coastal dune habitat and has psammophilic features (e.g., lighter coloration).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F199296CEC770EE4950B67E2082A70CE" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="11E6F40382436EB89DD3763577EADE2F" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F7F586C347474EFEAF172966035EC7DB" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
The recognition of
<taxonomicName id="8573649A542F4C609E5A8320AA290652" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="A1493F36DEF9716C2537B077B92FD632" author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman (2008)</bibRefCitation>
as a species renders one of the
<taxonomicName id="862056674B6BB573BE1F0313D2E48389" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
lineages paraphyletic (Fig. 28). While this is somewhat problematic, I have chosen to uphold this decision because of the adaptive diversity contained within the nominal
<taxonomicName id="FA99BA5B8C8937826D4AD3B9F319BFB1" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
lineage and apparent lack of both genetic and ecological interchangeability between this lineage and
<taxonomicName id="4839CDABFBEB6268EADE4B1833346EC4" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>