305 lines
29 KiB
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305 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.601.7704" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2778567e-3cff-40c4-acae-8959f448685b" ID-PMC="PMC4978081" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-601-89" ID-PubMed="27551189" ID-ZBK="A8685A31CABF4465A63D0308650E5B32" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-601-89" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 601" ModsDocTitle="Kankuamo, a new theraphosid genus from Colombia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with a new type of urticating setae and divergent male genitalia" checkinTime="1467213828875" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Perafan, Carlos, Galvis, William, Gutierrez, Miguel & Perez-Miles, Fernando" docDate="2016" docId="9811D731639AE07A19B176C7A6C5403B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 601: 89-109" docOrigin="ZooKeys 601" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.601.7704" docTitle="Kankuamo Perafan, Galvis & Perez-Miles, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="622CB9E5-59D1-4E45-A5CE-21F5248CF9EF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="D7123F774471FF97FF96FFC1FF919043" masterDocTitle="Kankuamo, a new theraphosid genus from Colombia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with a new type of urticating setae and divergent male genitalia" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1668163275345" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Kankuamo, a new theraphosid genus from Colombia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with a new type of urticating setae and divergent male genitalia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perafan, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Galvis, William</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gutierrez, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perez-Miles, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>601</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>89</mods:start>
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<mods:end>109</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.601.7704</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.601.7704</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-601-89</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">A8685A31CABF4465A63D0308650E5B32</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A8685A31CABF4465A63D0308650E5B32</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127862356" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:622CB9E5-59D1-4E45-A5CE-21F5248CF9EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9811D731639AE07A19B176C7A6C5403B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Theraphosidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/622CB9E5-59D1-4E45-A5CE-21F5248CF9EF" authority="Perafan, Galvis & Perez-Miles" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Kankuamo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perafán">Perafan</normalizedToken>
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, Galvis &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Miles">Perez-Miles</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="94">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo marquezi" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marquezi">Kankuamo marquezi</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perafán">Perafan</normalizedToken>
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, Galvis &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gutiérrez">Gutierrez</normalizedToken>
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, sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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Differs from all previously known genera of
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<taxonomicName family="Theraphosidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
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by having a distinct type of urticating setae (Fig. 2, see description below), mainly characterized by having a small distal patch of lanceolated barbs arranged in reversed direction, regarding the main barbs, oriented with their tips towards the penetration tip (Fig. 2B). Male differs additionally from other genera by having a curved sub-conical palpal bulb with many conspicuous keels distributed throughout the majority of the subtegulum and embolus, especially developed on the dorsal and prolateral faces, most of them with serrated edges (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–">E-</normalizedToken>
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3I). PSK, AcK, PIK, AK and SAK present (sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Bertani, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="29 - 42" title="Male palpal bulbs and homologous features in Theraphosinae (Araneae, Theraphosidae)." url="10.1636/0161-8202(2000)028[0029:MPBAHF]2.0.CO;2" volume="28" year="2000">Bertani 2000</bibRefCitation>
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), additionally dorsal keels (DKs) and supra-accessory keels (SpAcK). Tibial apophysis on leg I absent (Fig. 3D). Females differ by having spermathecae with a single notched receptacle, with two granulated lobes, and several irregular sclerotized longitudinal striations (Fig. 3D).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
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gen. n., urticating setae type VII. A Distal apex, white arrow indicates patch of lanceolated reversed barbs, grey arrow indicates penetrating tip B patch of lanceolated reversed barbs C main barbs on distal area D main barbs on medial area E basal end and detail of main barbs on basal area, white arrow indicates the attachment stalk with the abdomen
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
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abdomen, dorsal surface, showing setae attachment points, white arrow indicates urticating setae. Scale bars: A, F = 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; B, E = 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; C, D = 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; E = 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo marquezi" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marquezi">Kankuamo marquezi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n., sp. n., male. A Cephalothorax B labium and maxillae C right palpal bulb, ventro-prolateral view D tibia I in ventral view, showing absence of apophysis E-I left palpal bulb: E dorsal view F retrolateral view G prolateral view H-I detail of apex. AcK = accessory keels, AK = apical keel, DKs = dorsal keels, PIK = prolateral inferior keel, PSK = prolateral superior keel, SAK = sub-apical keel, SpAcK = supra-accessory keels. Scale bars: C, D and E, F, G = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
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is a noun in apposition and refers to the indigenous people of the Chibcha family from the Caribbean region of Colombia, which inhabits the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, whose language and culture are at endangered.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
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gender is neuter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">See description of the type species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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Only known from its type locality, Vereda San Lorenzo, Corregimiento Minca, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="11.1">11.1 N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-74.05">74.05 W</geoCoordinate>
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(Fig. 7).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
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Morphology.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. clearly presents the diagnostic characters of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Theraphosinae">Theraphosinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Theraphosidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
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): male palpal bulb with large and extended subtegulum, and numerous developed keels; legs spinose, with normal scopulae on tarsi and presence of abdominal urticating setae (Figs 2-6). However, this
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="95" start="start">new</pageBreakToken>
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genus differs dramatically from all previously known genera by their novel urticating setae type and the detailed morphology of male palpal bulb, making it difficult to establish their phylogenetic affinities. The general shape of the palpal bulb resembles approximately those of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ami" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ami" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ami</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Miles">Perez-Miles</normalizedToken>
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, 2008 (mainly
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ami" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ami bladesi" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bladesi">Ami bladesi</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Miles">Perez-Miles</normalizedToken>
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, Gabriel and Gallon, 2008 and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Ami" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ami weinmanni" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weinmanni">Ami weinmanni</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Miles">Perez-Miles</normalizedToken>
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, 2008), but with the subtegulum more elongated in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
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gen n. (Fig. 3G). However, the transverse arrangement of bulb keels is also superficially similar to those of some
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Acanthoscurria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthoscurria" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acanthoscurria</taxonomicName>
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Ausserer, 1871, or to the ring shaped keel of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hapalopus" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hapalopus</taxonomicName>
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Ausserer, 1875. Numerous distal keels are also known in other genera such as
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lasiodora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lasiodora" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lasiodora</taxonomicName>
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C.L. Koch, 1850,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nhandu" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nhandu</taxonomicName>
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Lucas, 1983 and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vitalius" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vitalius</taxonomicName>
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Lucas, Silva and Bertani, 1993, but the higher number of keels in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. easily distinguish it from all those and other remaining genera in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Theraphosinae">Theraphosinae</taxonomicName>
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. Furthermore, the high number of keels make difficult to establish homology with those of the family as
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<bibRefCitation author="Bertani, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="15" pageNumber="104" pagination="29 - 42" title="Male palpal bulbs and homologous features in Theraphosinae (Araneae, Theraphosidae)." url="10.1636/0161-8202(2000)028[0029:MPBAHF]2.0.CO;2" volume="28" year="2000">Bertani (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested. Considering the extension and positional similarity we tentatively propose the presence of PSK,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="96" start="start">AcK</pageBreakToken>
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, PIK, AK, and SAK, and we also propose the name supra-accessory keels (SpAcK) for those placed on proximal subtegulum (Fig. 3H, 3I) and dorsal keels (DKs) for those placed principally on dorsal face (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–">E-</normalizedToken>
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3G). The absence of tibial apophysis is shared with
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Agnostopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agnostopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agnostopelma</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Miles">Perez-Miles</normalizedToken>
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and Weinmann, 2010;
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aguapanela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aguapanela" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aguapanela</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perafán">Perafan</normalizedToken>
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, Cifuentes and Estrada, 2015;
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Metriopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metriopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metriopelma</taxonomicName>
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Becker, 1878;
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nhandu" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nhandu</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericopelma</taxonomicName>
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Ausserer, 1875 and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Theraphosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theraphosa" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theraphosa</taxonomicName>
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Thorell, 1870.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo marquezi" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marquezi">Kankuamo marquezi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n., sp. n., male, dorsal view of habitus. Scale bar = 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo marquezi" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marquezi">Kankuamo marquezi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n., sp. n., female. A Cephalothorax B labium and maxillae ventral C sternum D spermathecae, dorsal view
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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legs tarsi in ventral view E tarsus I F tarsus IV, arrow indicates distal rhomboidal group of conical setae. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo marquezi" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marquezi">Kankuamo marquezi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n., sp. n., female, dorsal view of habitus. Scale bar = 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
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Figure 7. A Map of northern Colombia showing the distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo marquezi" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marquezi">Kankuamo marquezi</taxonomicName>
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gen. n., sp. n. B habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo marquezi" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marquezi">Kankuamo marquezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Cuchilla San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
The spermathecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Theraphosinae">Theraphosinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera with only one entire receptacle (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Brachypelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachypelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Simon, 1891,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Megaphobema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaphobema" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaphobema</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pocock, 1901,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Mygalarachne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mygalarachne" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mygalarachne</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ausserer 1871,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericopelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ausserer, 1875,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Theraphosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theraphosa" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theraphosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thorell, 1870), but notched and longitudinally striated (Fig. 5D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Accordingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. clearly differs from all genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Theraphosidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" rank="family">Theraphosidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
known by the urticating setae type and male palpal bulb characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="96" type="cladistic relationship">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">Cladistic relationship.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
A search using equal weights found 171 most parsimonious tress and the strict consensus of these did not provide any resolution. Search with implied weighting and different concavity indices (k = 3 to 12) found between 3 and 10 shortest trees. The strict consensus of each of these tress recovered different topologies, but between k = 8 and k = 12 the topology of strict consensus did not vary, for this reason we have selected this topology to test
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. affinities (Fig. 1). It is noted that this new phylogeny analysis of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Theraphosinae">Theraphosinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an incomplete analysis including only half of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Theraphosinae">Theraphosinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera and relatively few characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. was resolved as the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Metriopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metriopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metriopelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, supported by the character "femur IV without retrolateral scopula". Both genera also share the lack of the apophysis on males and a spermathecae with seminal receptacles completely fused.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen.n. presents a reversion to state (0) on character 16 "absence the urticating setae type I", a parallelism of the state (1) on character 31 "presence the accessory keels under prolateral inferior keel" and an autapomorphic character "presence of urticating setae type VII".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Metriopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metriopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metriopelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
were resolved as sister genera within the largest clade of our selected topology. The relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kankuamo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kankuamo" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kankuamo</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. +
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Metriopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metriopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metriopelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister group of the clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Theraphosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theraphosa" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theraphosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sericopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericopelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericopelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Brachypelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypelma" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brachypelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Megaphobema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaphobema" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaphobema</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Xenesthis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenesthis" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xenesthis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pamphobeteus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pamphobeteus" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pamphobeteus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Sphaerobothria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerobothria" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaerobothria</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Phormictopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phormictopus" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phormictopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Cyrtopholis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtopholis" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyrtopholis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Acanthoscurria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthoscurria" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acanthoscurria</taxonomicName>
|
||
))))))) is supported by "absence of retrolateral keel" and "absence of sub-apical keel", with some homoplasies. The
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Theraphosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Theraphosa" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Theraphosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade is supported by two synapomorphies "apical region of palpal bulb with cancave-convex aspect" and "apical keel very long".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |