222 lines
20 KiB
XML
222 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BC53D2A92F2C7A31DB50775F209B594B">Descriptions of a new species and previously unknown males of Nesticus (Araneae: Nesticidae) from caves in Eastern North America, with comments on species rarity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="514F98E4D4088DAB066A9829B92CA9B9">Hedin, Marshal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF8B7113765812467C6B0C2CFED98A89">DELLINGER, Bob</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EC193C6ADED4B36E9AA71C4DFBCE1A68">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8E0C0F39FDCA2C60D9CDAC14205D8CAC">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9138AEA3F59D1C32248AF3C32EAAE289">904</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FD0AC95F6852F8B96A13F2E5D70674ED">http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2005f/zt00904.pdf</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="E6AF24AFCBE486679698C0C2130057FA" type="Plazi-Custom">zt00904</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7AA07E691C1EE2B568F414122416664B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10087</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="18D45575A402DE3D69CCB39ADB8C12F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265849" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100060761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265849" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18D45575A402DE3D69CCB39ADB8C12F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18D45575A402DE3D69CCB39ADB8C12F9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="10A53DB70A1507698D1893ABE352F333" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2BA36EE69A5A602B57C0C777037479D1" box="[206,460,972,992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName id="0FECD3949DF7BEBF927C6583CB44C2F0" ID-CoL="478YN" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pecki">Nesticus pecki</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5BEFF891BCE851F0A0B51DAE033E123" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9EF28065ABA98DE95D1AAD87F31BD8D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3F061A0C04AEE9852D297994250CF790" box="[206,326,999,1019]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">Figs. 1, 17-20</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3F8A6C1FC5DDD1C8D42727DBD99083C7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C08A7FBCA5EC774E4EFA6AF016915E49" box="[206,1033,1061,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
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<materialsCitation id="93254C7605A8A37EDAB3CE0475859BC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923901656" collectingDate="1992-09-26" collectionCode="MCH" collectorName="M. Hedin, J. Hedin, S. O'Kane" country="U. S. A" county="Marion County" elevation="265 meters" latitude="35.183334" location="Monteagle Saltpeter Cave, 6.4 km SE of Monteagle" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.76667" specimenCode=" 1624" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type Material.
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<typeStatus id="0535C37EAE899D7D2B6CD5485FF5C0AA">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. -
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<specimenCount id="25A800949F98974407CDD2A47BDA3973" type="male">Male</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="B7C002C6C48B1C556A15059D7F1284C1" value="U.s.a">U.S.A</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="CB4D9FF6918DEFC7C1263E19098A4423">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="8825B72B6201C4378D6E934DDB096C94">Marion County,</collectingRegion>
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<location id="58C3656A9724BF3CE840527D5F369398" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18D45575A402DE3D69CCB39ADB8C12F9:58C3656A9724BF3CE840527D5F369398" country="U. S. A" latitude="35.183334" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.76667" name="Monteagle Saltpeter Cave, 6.4 km SE of Monteagle" stateProvince="Tennessee">
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Monteagle Saltpeter Cave,
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<quantity id="47869DBFB26432034841630D5EB867DD" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" unit="km" value="64.0">6.4 km</quantity>
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SE of Monteagle,
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</location>
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<geoCoordinate id="0228575206F989DAB8AB4658926F23E5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.183334">35°11' N,</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="BDF1C14B1CB6706DD1BB5674D4D7002D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.76667">85°46' W,</geoCoordinate>
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elev. approximately
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<elevation id="E0A72820760FFE4C038495544585891F">265 meters,</elevation>
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coll.
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<date id="EB8C99E239FFD6358A7B5AB30CF82D7A" value="1992-09-26">
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<collectingDate id="5EE9FC77C3610032A925F1EA901D42A6" value="1992-09-26">26 September 1992,</collectingDate>
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</date>
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<collectorName id="75BDE9E21080CF2A8FA1597B1690A10A">M. Hedin,</collectorName>
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<collectorName id="3C4BC38184E14CA30F0A3BAEF664020A">J. Hedin</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="D96701534120F1F578A1D10825C1C653">
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S.
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<normalizedToken id="84BBDF1D1FBDCE7B669DA3C0568EF31D" originalValue="O’Kane" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">O'Kane</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="FC6637E8AA671DDE346AD659FE4EEE97" collectionName="MCH">MCH</collectionCode>
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male specimen
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<specimenCode id="0EB7F066F2BCDF620D01DA758E34BB33">#1624</specimenCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A11F108FF43AC2DD03B6E40CD8489BCB" box="[206,1031,1155,1238]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
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<materialsCitation id="30539D825A07E6653C0604D621230415" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923901660" collectingDate="1992-09-26" collectionCode="MCH" collectorName="M. Hedin, J. Hedin, S. O'Kane" country="United States of America" county="Marion County" elevation="265 meters" latitude="35.183334" location="Monteagle Saltpeter Cave, 6.4 km SE of Monteagle" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.76667" specimenCode=" 1625" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="40A06DDE218C9F3DFE8BE9446D77013E">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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. -
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<specimenCount id="66EEF03817651A487EC31F0FAB5B5761" type="female">Female</specimenCount>
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, data as for holotype (
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<collectionCode id="4DE55BAF67F0148B694BF6414E1E3E77" collectionName="MCH">MCH</collectionCode>
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female specimen
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<specimenCode id="EEC15F8DA16FB7760CDD1C72B5BAA74E">#1625</specimenCode>
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);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="4A8FD5FDBA8AC59BC24F53B9DA6B975D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923901659" collectingDate="1991-09-29" collectionCode="MCH" collectorName="M. Hedin, K. Crandall, A. Gerber" country="United States of America" county="Marion County" elevation="265 meters" latitude="35.183334" location="Monteagle Saltpeter Cave, 6.4 km SE of Monteagle" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.76667" specimenCode=" 1012" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount id="297F4403233D25C0BB56EE489288B2CA" type="generic">2 females,</specimenCount>
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data as for holotype, coll.
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<date id="49546A7EE67FD596A00BA668763DA25B" value="1991-09-29">
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<collectingDate id="CFDF9AE3884B90F4297D18F160AAE584" value="1991-09-29">29 September 1991,</collectingDate>
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</date>
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<collectorName id="89DFD99FBD171090667947B753549722">M. Hedin,</collectorName>
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<collectorName id="C06FC31D45C0BC77B2AA99A7E35450A7">K. Crandall</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="20327AEB7EEBB3E725362A7273D72D0E">A. Gerber</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="08ADAA4A288AEBA8830BEE9614B4AF1D" collectionName="MCH">MCH</collectionCode>
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female specimens
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<specimenCode id="3274BA06160C97179963840205DF8821">
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#1012,
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<materialsCitation id="7807B9AA641095AAE105159BFED8DCFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923901662" collectingDate="1991-09-29" collectionCode="MCH" collectorName="M. Hedin, K. Crandall, A. Gerber" country="United States of America" county="Marion County" elevation="265 meters" latitude="35.183334" location="Monteagle Saltpeter Cave, 6.4 km SE of Monteagle" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.76667" specimenCode=" 1013" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Tennessee" typeStatus="paratype">#1013)</materialsCitation>
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.
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</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CA1D058A96EC6A023CC05FE29D22BBE3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="474DB079F40864B3D4EAFC485369E3EE" box="[206,1034,1249,1488]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
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Diagnosis. - Small-bodied spiders with well-developed eyes, a rare condition in
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<taxonomicName id="7F556BEE26D87BCDE6674FBF86CA9F53" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesticus</taxonomicName>
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of the Cumberland Plateau (the only other known taxon with such features is
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<taxonomicName id="AE6253EFC60B8787895DFD62353A32EC" authority="Emerton" authorityName="Emerton" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carteri">N. carteri Emerton</taxonomicName>
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1875). Males distinguished by dorsal paracymbial process that swings laterally towards the distal paracymbium, split at the base into overlapping translucent processes, the most dorsal process much less broad than the underlying process (Fig. 17). The tegular apophysis is thickened and chisel-like, diverging strongly in an anterior direction (Fig. 18). Medium septum of the epigynum is conspicuously broad, and flares posteriorly (Fig. 19).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="85539B57FC0E8002EDF5B7832B9E08AE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9D8BA64DAC8F5C219C2CEE0E159AD5E5" box="[206,1033,221,586]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mainText">
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<pageBreakToken id="D614D64E8D2DA9C09498B7AFE5050F30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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of male
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<typeStatus id="E360B069740EAB2DE4BE0B1142130554">holotype</typeStatus>
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(Figs. 17 & 18; Table 1). - Color of appendages and carapace uniform in coloration, between the HTML colors
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<normalizedToken id="D464F4426C9820D07B41F12E99B0BDBB" originalValue="“orange”" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">"orange"</normalizedToken>
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(#
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<collectionCode id="EF5D2BD536F89FA1E9A22D4153156FF5">FFA</collectionCode>
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500) and "dark orange" (#
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<collectionCode id="EAE615854F8557FC0C7C81E30D77AD87">FF</collectionCode>
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8
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<collectionCode id="267AD0CE6C4E99D164321B02A7721621">C</collectionCode>
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00). Abdomen paler, with dark dorsolateral markings towards posterior end. All secondary eyes approximately equal in size, with dark peripheral pigmentation. Principal eyes about one-fifth diameter of secondary eyes, with dark underlying pigmentation. Leg formula 1423. Leg I less than 8 times longer than carapace width. Palp with dorsal paracymbial process that swings laterally towards the distal paracymbium, split at the base into overlapping translucent processes, the most dorsal process much less broad than underlying process. Distal end of paracymbium dark, well-sclerotized, shape approximating an insect mandible. Ventral paracymbium thickened basally. Tegular apophysis dark, thickened, chisel-like, diverging anteriorly. Median apophysis blade-like, overlap- ping tegular apophysis, pointed medially.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="FDB446EB750D85DCA2D447295DAFBA22" box="[206,1033,1100,1146]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="caption">
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<paragraph id="E0BDFC6B1DD77DB0496E2B1C93ABC18A" box="[206,1033,1100,1146]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="caption">
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FIGURES 17 & 18. Left palp of
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<taxonomicName id="550586120B0F151E27F54C6FF4BC266C" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pecki">N. pecki,</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4934B3AD9F368ED1CC1489B7796AC2B3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">new species,</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Tennessee, Marion Co., Monteagle Saltpeter Cave,
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<typeStatus id="4E4619991EAAB7E76710024307909167">holotype</typeStatus>
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male (
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<collectionCode id="7CA28B04A25B1FFA7F0D51062DD5222B" collectionName="MCH">MCH</collectionCode>
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male specimen #1624). Fig. 17: dorsal view, Fig. 18 ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="816C82F45C886329DA6472905A046E49" box="[206,1033,1186,1425]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mainText">
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Description of female
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<typeStatus id="09E4A56A6697AF84F7F7453AEA14840A">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="2AAB9F8881BA1846BA4AF299A74835F1" collectionName="MCH">MCH</collectionCode>
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||
female specimen #1625) (Figs. 19 & 20; Table 1). - Female slightly paler than male, uniformly light tan to creamy white, including abdomen. Secondary eyes approximately equal in size, peripheral pigmentation cloudy grey to black. Principal eyes much smaller, perhaps one-tenth diameter of secondary eyes. Leg formula 1423. Leg I less than 8 times longer than carapace width. Epigynum wide, occupying over half width of the abdomen. Medium septum conspicuously broad anteriorly, broadening further posteriorly (i.e., appears to flare). Ear-shaped pockets lateral of median septum, with slender spermathecae beneath and visible at lateral edge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA181118CE94C1DA22B44B291229D854" box="[206,1009,1436,1487]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mainText">
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Variation. - Examination of two other females from the
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<typeStatus id="8AA6845F449E3DABB2B6E5256D121F6B">paratype</typeStatus>
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series reveals no significant genitalic differences from the
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<typeStatus id="DDA5FC16596ECDBFBE122A8CF427FF09">paratype</typeStatus>
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female described.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C70AF560450348AE8734355096278062" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="11176A26434F019DFF0A30E5CEA40C27" box="[206,1034,221,398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="mainText">
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<pageBreakToken id="5307CC3869598CF3314D29ADA9B28F5A" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Natural</pageBreakToken>
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History. - The male and female specimens collected in 1992 were found in the twilight zone of the main cave passage, approximately 180 meters from the main entrance, in small tangle webs under wooden debris. Spiders collected in 1991 (two females, multiple immatures) were found in the relatively moist, subparallel passage south of the main passage, only 15-30 meters from a second small entrance, hanging inverted in vertically-oriented webs along passage walls.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2A9FF731E5DC6E45BE985CAECEE6DBEC" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="multiple">
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||
<caption id="D214EC3C5C2473052F227C3837A8B202" box="[206,1033,1434,1483]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="caption">
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||
<paragraph id="3C3D2535ED470A439B165A935FC07CBC" box="[206,1033,1434,1483]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="caption">
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FIGURES 19 & 20. - Epigynum of
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<taxonomicName id="B3DF22B42976431FC64F23846BA07D05" authority=", Tennessee" authorityName=", Tennessee" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pecki">
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N. pecki
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<authority id="F633CDC53E372FD9C9DA684DF6D58120" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">, Tennessee,</authority>
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</taxonomicName>
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Marion Co., Monteagle Saltpeter Cave,
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<typeStatus id="FF03EEF7B35A1BE908AAD6C340C064D4">paratype</typeStatus>
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female (
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<collectionCode id="6EFCC6530E464FBD8FB9E2A94C55CF04" collectionName="MCH">MCH</collectionCode>
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female specimen #1625). Fig. 19: ventral view, Fig. 20: dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2240D728A1D6F94113A753A6D600C9FE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B04D2883AC60A3931456E0EC1C38D77E" box="[206,1009,221,273]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="mainText">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="865CB3EE3B921D580586902B0ABE3B89" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. - Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9DA6B3E41DCB71B571A4BC8EBBA87BEC">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in southeastern Tennessee, along the edge of the Cumberland Plateau (Fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4C745999BC842F149C3E00D3B6F0464C" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="032A8E93C3456A5C4F9A3709D958CE38" box="[206,1030,284,367]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="mainText">
|
||
DNA sequences. - Mitochondrial
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B75F90352E1402BA3EFE439458411D5C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.0">16S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(Genbank accession number
|
||
<collectionCode id="5E925453AC159F44D410F882A48A5B91">AF</collectionCode>
|
||
004654) and nuclear ITS (
|
||
<collectionCode id="1FE29311681F6CAB0B9DBA82D8D3C26E">AF</collectionCode>
|
||
003821) DNA sequences were reported in Hedin (1997a), under the species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28AD85FE8FA2D27159C78431CA16A615" class="Arachnida" family="Nesticidae" genus="Nesticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valentinei">N. valentinei.</taxonomicName>
|
||
This was a misidentification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A254FA2C244EDFAEAE4C4B153579EF59" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="15674E35D4D17E08224757B6550334F9" box="[206,1030,378,460]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="mainText">Etymology. - Named after Dr. Stewart B. Peck, biospeleologist from Carleton University, Canada, in recognition of his pioneering work on the diversity and evolution of invertebrate cave faunas from the TAG region of the southern Appalachians.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |