176 lines
20 KiB
XML
176 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="890BC423D684A3B885902152F219BF4C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021526" ID-ZooBank="987FAD00-32A7-4E38-AFAD-6EAC8D808FB2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1730450932891" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yiu, Sam King Fung & Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2024" docId="03BF87BF262D5D6161C4BED1FBCF471E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5526.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5526 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Archaster typicus Muller & Troschel 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FF86FFC7260F5D436153BE46FFA14013" masterDocTitle="New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1730897219756" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C52A8C8186B8E521671690953E8A9930">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DD14AEEBFC6F336C918EA5EFD32C74D2">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4603C5ACD2555327F6D043DC7E363C1">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="12379D3623FCD622E8DEA18CDE5B5DCA" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="18848593B7797B0EA1F12438171D60C6">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="59E328F910F445CB6450A57E37F69B18">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F23ABF54E37D434496576722AFA946C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D16E4D2985932A4C76DA783FB64DEB60">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2DDC8925E5E258B1975641AD02E9488B">2024-10-22</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A262D5D6161C4BED1FD3A40A2" ID-CoL="G85B" authority="Muller & Troschel 1840" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,667,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" genus="Archaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="typicus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D6161C4BED1FD3A40A2" bold="true" box="[151,667,151,178]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D6161C4BED1FECB40A2" bold="true" box="[151,362,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Archaster typicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58262D5D616021BED1FD3A40A2" author="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H." box="[370,667,151,177]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref41554" refString="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1840) Ueber die Gattungen der Asterien. Archiv fur" type="book" year="1840">Müller & Troschel 1840</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="132D2A2C262D5D6161C4BEFDFEBE40C5" box="[151,287,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="34.[151,250,952,976]" captionTargetId="figure-31@34.[333,1255,237,929]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 25. Archaster typicus. In situ observation. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14045733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14045733/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 25</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF696621262D5D6161C4BDFEFBBB43C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14045733" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14045733" box="[151,1050,952,977]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14045733/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,250,952,976]" targetBox="[333,1255,237,929]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9262D5D6161C4BDFEFBBB43C2" blockId="34.[151,1050,952,977]" box="[151,1050,952,977]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D6161C4BDFEFE4243C2" bold="true" box="[151,483,952,977]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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FIGURE 25.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D616075BDFEFE4243C2" box="[294,483,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A262D5D616075BDFEFE7F43C2" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[294,478,952,977]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" genus="Archaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="typicus">Archaster typicus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A262D5D6160BABDFFFD0843C2" authority="observation" authorityName="Observation" box="[489,681,953,977]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">In situ observation</taxonomicName>
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. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6522262D5D6161C4BA65FD2645FE" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D6161C4BA65FEBF442E" bold="true" box="[151,286,1059,1085]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9262D5D6161C4BA2DFB114592" blockId="34.[151,1437,1131,1517]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A262D5D61619BBA2DFEC24496" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1879" box="[200,355,1131,1157]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Archasteridae</taxonomicName>
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is a monotypic family including the single genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A262D5D6162DEBA2DFC5B4496" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[909,1018,1131,1157]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" genus="Archaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D6162DEBA2DFC5B4496" box="[909,1018,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Archaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which in turn, includes three species, two present in the Indian Ocean and a third, the widely occurring
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A262D5D6162D1BAC9FBE744BA" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[898,1094,1167,1193]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" genus="Archaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="typicus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D6162D1BAC9FBE744BA" box="[898,1094,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Archaster typicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the tropical central Pacific. This species is present on sandy, unconsolidated bottoms where they apparently evert their stomachs to feed.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58262D5D616406BAF5FECC44E2" author="Marsh, L. & Fromont, J." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref41108" refString="Marsh, L. & Fromont, J. (2020) Field Guide to Shallow Water Sea Stars of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Australia, 543 pp." type="book" year="2020">Marsh & Fromont (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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presented a brief summary of the biology of this species. Perhaps the best known aspect of
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A262D5D6161C4BABDFEFB4506" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,346,1275,1301]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" genus="Archaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="typicus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D6161C4BABDFEFB4506" box="[151,346,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Archaster typicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is their reproductive behavior which involves the, unusual in echinoderms, physical superposition of males on females, known as pseudocopulation (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58262D5D61625BBB59FC1C452A" author="Run, J-Q & Chen, C-P. & Chiang, K-H. & Chia, F-S." box="[776,957,1311,1337]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="247 - 253" refId="ref42334" refString="Run, J-Q, Chen, C-P., Chiang, K-H. & Chia, F-S. (1988) Mating behaviour and reproductive cycle of Archaster typicus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Marine Biology, 99, 247 - 253." type="journal article" year="1988">
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Run
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D616213BB66FCD3452A" box="[832,882,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
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. 1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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). An unpublished Masters thesis by Wong Tim Lung (2016) notes a population explosion of this species recorded by surveys between 2012 and 2014, which may have affected bivalve populations suggesting significant impact on community structure.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9262D5D616194BBCDFD2645FE" blockId="34.[151,1437,1131,1517]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A262D5D616194BBCDFE2C45B6" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[199,397,1419,1445]" class="Asteroidea" family="Archasteridae" genus="Archaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="typicus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D616194BBCDFE2C45B6" box="[199,397,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Archaster typicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a familiar species, occurring in great abundance and occurring in shallow-water depths, leading to intensive fishing for tourist shops, holiday ornaments, and the pet trade has led to localized disappearance of this species as noted by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58262D5D616090BB95FD2245FE" author="Bos, A. R. & Gumanao, G. S. & Alipoyo, J. C. E. & Cardona, L. T. & Salac, F. N." box="[451,643,1491,1517]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="11 - 24" refId="ref37224" refString="Bos, A. R., Gumanao, G. S., Alipoyo, J. C. E., Cardona, L. T. & Salac, F. N. (2008) Population structure of common Indo-Pacific sea stars in the Davao Gulf. Proceedings of 9 th biannual meeting Philippine Association of Marine Science. University of the Philippines, Visayas Journal of Natural Sciences, 13, 11 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 008 - 1064 - 2" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Bos
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D6160A5BB92FD8645FE" box="[502,551,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
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. (2008)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C6522262D5D6161C4B879FBCF471E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB262D5D6161C4B879FE6B464A" bold="true" box="[151,458,1599,1625]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639262D5D6161C4B8C1FEBC46B2" box="[151,285,1671,1697]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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,
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east,
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.
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<location id="8EC96072262D5D616194B8EDFEBF46D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF262D5D6161C4BED1FBCF471E:8EC96072262D5D616194B8EDFEBF46D6" box="[199,286,1707,1733]" country="Hong Kong" county="South Pacific" municipality="Northeastern Australian" name="Outside" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Outside</location>
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639262D5D616074B8EDFE1146D6" box="[295,432,1707,1733]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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.
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<location id="8EC96072262D5D6160E8B8EDFDAD46D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF262D5D6161C4BED1FBCF471E:8EC96072262D5D6160E8B8EDFDAD46D6" box="[443,524,1707,1733]" country="Hong Kong" county="South Pacific" municipality="Northeastern Australian" name="Widely" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Widely</location>
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occurring throughout the tropical
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||
<location id="8EC96072262D5D6162C6B8EDFC4246D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF262D5D6161C4BED1FBCF471E:8EC96072262D5D6162C6B8EDFC4246D6" box="[917,995,1707,1733]" country="Hong Kong" county="South Pacific" municipality="Northeastern Australian" name="Pacific" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pacific</location>
|
||
and adjoining regions,
|
||
<location id="8EC96072262D5D6165A3B8EDFA3946D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF262D5D6161C4BED1FBCF471E:8EC96072262D5D6165A3B8EDFA3946D6" box="[1264,1432,1707,1733]" country="Hong Kong" county="South Pacific" municipality="Northeastern Australian" name="Bay of Bengal" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bay of Bengal</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC96072262D5D6161C4B889FE0546FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF262D5D6161C4BED1FBCF471E:8EC96072262D5D6161C4B889FE0546FA" box="[151,420,1743,1769]" country="Hong Kong" county="South Pacific" municipality="Northeastern Australian" name="northern Indian Ocean" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">northern Indian Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC96072262D5D6160E4B889FDBD46FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF262D5D6161C4BED1FBCF471E:8EC96072262D5D6160E4B889FDBD46FA" box="[439,540,1743,1769]" country="Hong Kong" county="South Pacific" municipality="Northeastern Australian" name="Southern" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Southern</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639262D5D616379B889FBD646FA" box="[554,1143,1743,1769]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Japan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639262D5D6165D9B889FB5B46FA" box="[1162,1274,1743,1769]" name="Indonesia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCDACD3262D5D61645FB889FEAD471E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Northeastern Australian</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
coast,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C84E25262D5D616009B8B5FE55471E" box="[346,500,1779,1805]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">South Pacific</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639262D5D6160ADB8B5FD0E471E" box="[510,687,1779,1805]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C262D5D6163E9B8B5FCA5471E" box="[698,772,1779,1805]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003BD19A262D5D6163E9B8B5FCA5471E" box="[698,772,1779,1805]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.0">0–3 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58262D5D616201B8B5FBC3471E" author="Marsh, L. & Fromont, J." box="[850,1122,1779,1805]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref41108" refString="Marsh, L. & Fromont, J. (2020) Field Guide to Shallow Water Sea Stars of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Australia, 543 pp." type="book" year="2020">Marsh & Fromont 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |