231 lines
26 KiB
XML
231 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="C07C3F8EA63E020FC4BAF616102DD4C0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021526" ID-ZooBank="987FAD00-32A7-4E38-AFAD-6EAC8D808FB2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1730450932891" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yiu, Sam King Fung & Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2024" docId="03BF87BF26265D6961C4BCC2FDAB42F4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5526.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5526 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Astropecten polyacanthus Muller & Troschel 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FF86FFC7260F5D436153BE46FFA14013" masterDocTitle="New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1730451613712" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F7BC95E33A8DC232B5005D9DB1CE4C57">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9B99467BDE96599BB2AFE57D1256A4E0">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B20C886CB7908C495BE5A4D55BEF29D">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F4EDA07CA5C2F7CABFBF47909CED592C" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="386B1CD163868A7D03A784B840BAAD2A">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E82CC40908735D10DC710E30E1FD13E2">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9EBEBE587326BD0F888214CDEE005CFC" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="4A28544935E637E7CCFBFAE9E9FD1821">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5DAFE878FD5A46A5ADA376604A704FB9">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5548BB44DF2019249FB3A9383C58781C">2024-10-22</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BF87BF26265D6961C4BCC2FDAB42F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26265D6961C4BCC2FDAB42F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BF26265D6961C4BCC2FDAB42F4" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226265D6A61C4BCC2FCA1428D" box="[151,768,643,670]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926265D6A61C4BCC2FCA1428D" blockId="41.[151,768,643,706]" box="[151,768,643,670]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D0E181C526265D6A61C4BCC2FCA1428D" bold="true" box="[151,768,643,670]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A61C4BCC2FCA1428D" ID-CoL="J4WS" authority="Muller & Troschel 1842" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,768,643,670]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polyacanthus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A61C4BCC2FCA1428D" bold="true" box="[151,768,643,670]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A61C4BCC2FE6E428D" bold="true" box="[151,463,643,670]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Astropecten polyacanthus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826265D6A6084BCC2FCA1428D" author="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H." box="[471,768,644,670]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref41583" refString="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. 1. Asteriae. 2. Ophiuridae. Vieweg, Braunschweig, xxx + 134 pp. 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11715" type="book" year="1842">Müller & Troschel 1842</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226265D6A61C4BCEEFEF442D1" box="[151,341,680,706]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926265D6A61C4BCEEFEF442D1" blockId="41.[151,768,643,706]" box="[151,341,680,706]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26265D6A61C4BCEEFEF442D1" box="[151,341,680,706]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,730,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-131@41.[211,1376,730,1537]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 31. Astropecten polyacanthus. A. Abactinal view, in situ. B. Actinal view, in situ. C. Six-armed variant from Trio Island, abactinal view. D. Six armed variant actinal view. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021593/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 31A–D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF69662126265D6A61C4B85FFBE64646" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021593/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[151,250,1561,1585]" targetBox="[211,1376,730,1537]" targetPageId="41" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926265D6A61C4B85FFBE64646" blockId="41.[151,1436,1560,1621]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A61C4B85FFDFE4622" bold="true" box="[151,607,1560,1585]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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FIGURE 31.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A607AB85FFD9F4623" bold="true" box="[297,574,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A607AB85FFD9B4623" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[297,570,1560,1585]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polyacanthus">Astropecten polyacanthus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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A.
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</emphasis>
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Abactinal view,
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A625DB85CFCEE4622" box="[782,847,1562,1585]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A625DB85CFCEE4622" box="[782,847,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">in situ</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A620FB85FFCD24622" bold="true" box="[860,883,1561,1585]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B.</emphasis>
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Actinal view,
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A6558B85FFBEE4622" box="[1035,1103,1561,1585]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="41" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">in situ</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A650AB85FFBD34622" bold="true" box="[1113,1138,1561,1585]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C.</emphasis>
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Six-armed variant from Trio Island, abactinal view.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A60D3B87BFE394646" bold="true" box="[384,408,1597,1621]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">D.</emphasis>
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Six armed variant actinal view. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30C652226265D6961C4B8DAFDAB42F4" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926265D6A61C4B8DAFEBF46A5" blockId="41.[151,286,1692,1718]" box="[151,286,1692,1718]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A61C4B8DAFEBF46A5" bold="true" box="[151,286,1692,1718]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Comments</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926265D6A61C4B899FF5847E6" blockId="41.[151,1437,1759,2037]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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This species was identified based on characters outlined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826265D6A627CB899FBB946E9" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[815,1048,1759,1786]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A6572B899FA8646EA" authorityName="Müller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1057,1319,1759,1785]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polyanthus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A6572B899FA8646EA" box="[1057,1319,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Astropecten polyanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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displays a very similar appearance to
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A6095B945FC0C470E" authority="Muller & Troschel 1842" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[454,941,1795,1821]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vappa">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A6095B945FD37470E" box="[454,662,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Astropecten vappa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826265D6A63CEB945FC0C470E" author="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H." box="[669,941,1795,1821]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref41583" refString="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. 1. Asteriae. 2. Ophiuridae. Vieweg, Braunschweig, xxx + 134 pp. 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11715" type="book" year="1842">Müller & Troschel 1842</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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with which it shares several characters. The key diagnostic character used to identify this species was the nearly vertical edge formed by the superomarginal plates along each arm upon which multiple spines were present along the arm’s length. Comparisons with
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A646AB90DFA3D4776" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1337,1436,1867,1893]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vappa">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A646AB90DFA3D4776" box="[1337,1436,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. vappa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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show a minor but more prominent facing of the superomarginal plates along the surface of the abactinal surface. The two species appear closely related and molecular phylogeographic data presented by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826265D6A6529B9D5FA3D47BE" author="Zulliger, D. E. & Lessios, H. A." box="[1146,1436,1939,1965]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref43596" refString="Zulliger, D. E. & Lessios, H. A. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Astropecten Gray (Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) on a global scale: molecular evidence for morphological convergence, species-complexes and possible cryptic speciation. Zootaxa, 2504 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2504.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Zulliger & Lessios (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A6192B9F1FEDD47C1" box="[193,380,1975,2002]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A6192B9F1FEE747C2" box="[193,326,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Astropecten</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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showed that
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A6345B9F1FDDB47C2" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[534,634,1975,2001]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vappa">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A6345B9F1FDDB47C2" box="[534,634,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. vappa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926265D6A6390B9F1FCAE47C2" box="[707,783,1975,2001]" name="Brunei" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Brunei</collectingCountry>
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clustered with a clade within
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26265D6A653AB9F1FABE47C2" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1129,1311,1975,2001]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polyacanthus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26265D6A653AB9F1FABE47C2" box="[1129,1311,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A. polyacanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926265D6A6434B9FEFF5447E6" name="New Zealand" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926255D696194BED1FBE5410E" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26255D696194BED1FE4740A2" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[199,486,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polyacanthus">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26255D696194BED1FE4740A2" box="[199,486,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Astropecten polyacanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widely occurring throughout the Indo-Pacific but was listed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826255D6965E9BED1FA3D40A2" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[1210,1436,150,177]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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as “nowhere abundant” on the southern coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D6963E2BEFDFD5940C6" box="[689,760,187,213]" name="China" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">China</collectingCountry>
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.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826255D696251BEFDFB8540C6" author="Zulliger, D. E. & Lessios, H. A." box="[770,1060,187,213]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref43596" refString="Zulliger, D. E. & Lessios, H. A. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Astropecten Gray (Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) on a global scale: molecular evidence for morphological convergence, species-complexes and possible cryptic speciation. Zootaxa, 2504 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2504.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Zulliger & Lessios (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included multiple representatives from multiple localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26255D696085BE99FD2E40EA" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[470,655,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polyacanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26255D696085BE99FD2E40EA" box="[470,655,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. polyacanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their molecular phylogeography of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26255D69650FBE99FABB40EA" box="[1116,1306,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26255D69650FBE99FB4040EA" box="[1116,1249,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Astropecten</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Their data suggested multiple lineages were present within the morphospecies across its range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926255D696194BF61FE81419A" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Observations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26255D6960D4BF61FD5C4152" authority="(Jangoux 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Jangoux" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[391,765,295,321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="polyacanthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26255D6960D4BF61FD9E4152" box="[391,575,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. polyacanthus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826255D696301BF61FD544152" author="Jangoux, M." box="[594,757,295,321]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref39832" refString="Jangoux, M. (1982) Food and feeding mechanisms: Asteroidea. In: Jangoux, M. & Lawrence, J. M. (Eds.), Echinoderm Nutrition. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 654 pp." type="book" year="1982">Jangoux 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggest that it displays feeding preferences and behavior similar other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26255D696067BF0DFE534176" box="[308,498,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26255D696067BF0DFE184176" box="[308,441,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Astropecten</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with gut contents showing remains from gastropods, bivalves, echinoderms and crustaceans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926255D6961CDBFD5FA2E41C2" blockId="42.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
This species has been mostly commonly observed with five rays. There is however, one observation of a 6-armed specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26255D696043BFF1FE3641C2" box="[272,407,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,730,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-131@41.[211,1376,730,1537]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 31. Astropecten polyacanthus. A. Abactinal view, in situ. B. Actinal view, in situ. C. Six-armed variant from Trio Island, abactinal view. D. Six armed variant actinal view. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021593/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 31C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) from Trio Island in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D6963D2BFF1FCA641C2" box="[641,775,439,465]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which has not previously been reported from this region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926255D6961C4BC5EFE6B4221" blockId="42.[151,458,536,562]" box="[151,458,536,562]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26255D6961C4BC5EFE6B4221" bold="true" box="[151,458,536,562]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926255D6961C4BC27FE244268" blockId="42.[151,1436,608,743]" box="[151,389,608,635]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF426255D6961C4BC27FE244268" box="[151,389,608,635]" country="Hong Kong" elevation="9" location="Hong Kong" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D6961C4BC27FEBC4268" box="[151,285,609,635]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26255D69607ABC26FE204268" box="[297,385,608,635]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003BD19A26255D69607ABC26FE204268" box="[297,385,608,635]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">3–15 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926255D696194BCC2FDAB42F4" blockId="42.[151,1436,608,743]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF426255D696194BCC2FDAB42F4" country="Hong Kong" county="Africa" elevation="93" location="Outside" municipality="Southern" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EC9607226255D696194BCC2FEBF428D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26265D6961C4BCC2FDAB42F4:8EC9607226255D696194BCC2FEBF428D" box="[199,286,644,670]" country="Hong Kong" county="Africa" municipality="Southern" name="Outside" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Outside</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D696074BCC3FE11428C" box="[295,432,645,671]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EC9607226255D6960EFBCC2FDAC428D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26265D6961C4BCC2FDAB42F4:8EC9607226255D6960EFBCC2FDAC428D" box="[444,525,644,670]" country="Hong Kong" county="Africa" municipality="Southern" name="Widely" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Widely</location>
|
||
occurring throughout the
|
||
<location id="8EC9607226255D69626ABCC2FB37428D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26265D6961C4BCC2FDAB42F4:8EC9607226255D69626ABCC2FB37428D" box="[825,1174,644,670]" country="Hong Kong" county="Africa" municipality="Southern" name="Indo-Pacific. Hawaiian Islands" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Indo-Pacific. Hawaiian Islands</location>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D6965EEBCC3FB5C428C" box="[1213,1277,645,671]" name="Japan" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCDACD326255D696464BCC2FA3D428D" box="[1335,1436,644,670]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Southern</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D6961C4BCEEFF7C42D1" box="[151,221,680,706]" name="China" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D696011BCEFFE7742D1" box="[322,470,680,707]" name="New Zealand" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D69635ABCEFFD1642D1" box="[521,695,680,707]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D6963EDBCEEFC8942D1" box="[702,808,680,706]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D696262BCEEFC0042D1" box="[817,929,680,706]" name="Indonesia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D696282BCEEFAA742D1" box="[977,1286,680,706]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Philippines, Thailand, India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926255D69645CBCEEFA3942D1" box="[1295,1432,680,706]" name="Madagascar" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eastern coast of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62C84E2526255D696018BC8AFE3442F5" box="[331,405,716,742]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Africa</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26255D6960F3BC8AFDA742F4" box="[416,518,716,743]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="18.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="92.5" valueMax="185.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
<elevation id="003BD19A26255D6960F3BC8AFDA742F4" box="[416,518,716,743]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="18.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="92.5" valueMax="185.0" valueMin="0.0">0–185 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |