301 lines
41 KiB
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301 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="770C033CAA4280346B8C987DE9342A94">Deciphering a Chilean harvestmen enigma: what is Parabalta bicornis (Gervais, 1849) comb. nov. (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae: Pachylinae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C33CFC8DBE415306FF0E5BFDFDDFFF1A" box="[151,544,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B99AF06BE415306FF0E5BFDFDDFFF1A" blockId="5.[151,544,151,178]" box="[151,544,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
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<heading id="D0D1186ABE415306FF0E5BFDFDDFFF1A" bold="true" box="[151,544,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FF0E5BFDFDDFFF1A" bold="true" box="[151,544,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FF0E5BFDFE69FF19" ID-CoL="7WCY4" authority="Guerin-Meneville" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" box="[151,406,151,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FF0E5BFDFE69FF19" bold="true" box="[151,406,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Gonyleptes planiceps</emphasis>
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and fig. 10
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33CFC8DBE415304FF0E5BB5FD40FEB6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B99AF06BE415306FF0E5BB5FBDFFE7A" blockId="5.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
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Confusion on Gervais’ (1854) plate ‘Arachnideos N°1’ affects
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FCC65BB5FBAFFF52" box="[863,1104,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FCC65BB5FBAFFF52" box="[863,1104,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Gonyleptes planiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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too, another species that had (taxonomically) ‘crossing destinies’ with
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FDF05A6EFD17FEB6" authorityName="Granulation, DS" authorityYear="1847" box="[617,744,259,286]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FDF05A6EFD17FEB6" box="[617,744,259,286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">G. bicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The original description and illustrations of
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FB7C5A6EFA8DFEB6" box="[1253,1394,259,286]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FB7C5A6EFA8DFEB6" box="[1253,1394,259,286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">G. planiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are clear (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FF455A4DFE8AFEEA" author="Gervais, P." box="[220,373,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref11355" refString="Gervais, P. (1842) Description et figures de quatre especes nouvelles de Phalangiens. Magasin de Zoologie, d'Anatomie Comparee et de Palaeontologie (ed. Guerin-Meneville F. - E.), (2) 4 (13), 1 - 5, pls 2 - 5." type="journal article" year="1842">Gervais 1842</bibRefCitation>
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) and some early papers demonstrated a good notion of its identity (
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FBF25A4DFB78FEEA" box="[1131,1159,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">cf.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FB145A4DFAAFFEEA" author="Simon, E." box="[1165,1360,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="117 - 144" refId="ref12382" refString="Simon, E. (1884) Arachnides recueillis par la Mission du Cap Horn en 1882 - 1883. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 117 - 144, pl. 3." type="journal article" year="1884">Simon 1884: 141</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FAC55A4DFF4AFECE" author="Simon, E." pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref12420" refString="Simon, E. (1887) Arachnides. In: Mission scientifique du Cap Horn. 1882 - 1883. Zoologie. 6 (2 e partie.). Gauthier-Villars et Fils, Imprimeurs-Libraires, Paris, pp. 1 - 42, pl. I - II." type="book chapter" year="1887">1887: 37</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. 2, fig. 9). Problems emerged with a further mismatch between redescription and figures of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FB6D5A21FA67FECE" author="Gervais, P." box="[1268,1432,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="5 - 52" refId="ref11529" refString="Gervais, P. (1849) Aracnidos. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile, Zoologia, vol. 4. Maulde & Renou, Paris, pp. 5 - 52. [Gervais, P.] (1854) Arachnideos. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Atlas de la Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Vol. 2. E. Thunot & Cie, Paris, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1849">Gervais (1849</bibRefCitation>
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, 1854) that (again) puzzled Sørensen and Roewer.
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FD5F5A05FC49FE22" box="[710,950,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FD5F5A05FC49FE22" box="[710,950,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Gonyleptes planiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was treated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FBFF5A05FAC5FE22" author="Gervais, P." box="[1126,1338,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="5 - 52" refId="ref11529" refString="Gervais, P. (1849) Aracnidos. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile, Zoologia, vol. 4. Maulde & Renou, Paris, pp. 5 - 52. [Gervais, P.] (1854) Arachnideos. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Atlas de la Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Vol. 2. E. Thunot & Cie, Paris, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1849">Gervais (1849: 24)</bibRefCitation>
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and was explicitly referred to a line drawing of a male in dorsal view: fig. 10. The redescription is a verbatim translation to Spanish of the redescription of
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FE6F5AD2FD7CFE7A" box="[502,643,439,466]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FE6F5AD2FD7CFE7A" box="[502,643,439,466]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">G. planiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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previously given by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FCE95ADDFBE3FE7A" author="Gervais, P." box="[880,1052,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="94 - 131" refId="ref11409" refString="Gervais, P. (1844) Phalangides. In: Walckenaer, C. (Ed.), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Apteres, vol 3. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, pp. 94 - 131, pls. 28 - 30, 43, 46. [Atlas]" type="book chapter" year="1844">Gervais (1844)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99AF06BE415306FF5E5AB1FAB0FCBE" blockId="5.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FF5E5AB1FE7BFE5E" author="Sorensen, W." box="[199,388,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref12517" refString="Sorensen, W. (1902) Gonyleptiden (Opiliones Laniatores). In: Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 1892 / 93. 2 (Arthropoden). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 1 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1902">Sørensen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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said (translation from Latin): ‘Whether this species [
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FB995AB6FB6DFE5E" box="[1024,1170,475,502]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FB995AB6FB6DFE5E" box="[1024,1170,475,502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">G. planiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] belongs to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FF0E5A95FEECFDB2" authorityName="Sorensen" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,275,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FF0E5A95FEECFDB2" box="[151,275,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Lycomedes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or to another genus, I really do not know. Description and figure [fig. 10] given by Gervais do not agree in any way. According to the description areas are divided by length, what the figure does not show – After the figure, five transverse grooves are present. (…) If the species can be determined, the paired eminences of the free dorsal segments and legs IV (male) would indicate species’. In the same publication,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FBCD5901FAF2FD2E" author="Sorensen, W." box="[1108,1293,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref12517" refString="Sorensen, W. (1902) Gonyleptiden (Opiliones Laniatores). In: Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 1892 / 93. 2 (Arthropoden). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 1 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1902">Sørensen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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happened to examine a MNHN male labelled “
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FD8C59E5FD11FD02" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[533,750,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Pachylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FD8C59E5FD11FD02" box="[533,750,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Pachylus planiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” by E. Simon, concluding that it did not agree ‘with Gervais’ illustration’ [that of 1854 was meant!], but allegedly represented a new species instead, which he described as
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FAF959D9FE23FD5A" authority="Sorensen, 1902" authorityName="Sorensen" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Ectobiidae" genus="Balta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FAF959D9FEDAFD5A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Balta meridionalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FEB459BDFE23FD5A" author="Sorensen, W." box="[301,476,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref12517" refString="Sorensen, W. (1902) Gonyleptiden (Opiliones Laniatores). In: Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 1892 / 93. 2 (Arthropoden). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 1 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1902">Sørensen, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(pp. 21, 23). This puts in evidence that, despite of being aware of the text/drawings mismatch,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FE8B5991FE22FCBE" author="Sorensen, W." box="[274,477,763,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref12517" refString="Sorensen, W. (1902) Gonyleptiden (Opiliones Laniatores). In: Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 1892 / 93. 2 (Arthropoden). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 1 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1902">Sørensen’s (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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concept of
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FDF95991FCAFFCBE" box="[608,848,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FDF95991FCAFFCBE" box="[608,848,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Gonyleptes planiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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remained attached to Gervais’ (1854) fig. 10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99AF06BE415306FF5E584AFC4FFB0A" blockId="5.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
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||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FF5E584AFEF0FC92" box="[199,271,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Types:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FE805875FE3CFC92" author="Gervais, P." box="[281,451,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref11355" refString="Gervais, P. (1842) Description et figures de quatre especes nouvelles de Phalangiens. Magasin de Zoologie, d'Anatomie Comparee et de Palaeontologie (ed. Guerin-Meneville F. - E.), (2) 4 (13), 1 - 5, pls 2 - 5." type="journal article" year="1842">Gervais (1842)</bibRefCitation>
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||
did not explicit the original series of
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FCEF584AFBFAFC92" box="[886,1029,799,826]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FCEF584AFBFAFC92" box="[886,1029,799,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">G. planiceps</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, but, as he described both sexes, at least
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<specimenCount id="9D20648FBE415306FF4B582EFEC7FCF6" box="[210,312,835,862]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D20648FBE415306FEE9582EFE13FCF6" box="[368,492,835,862]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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were available to him (thus,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FCAF5829FBE5FCF6" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[822,1050,835,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref12183" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1913) Die Familie der Gonyleptiden der Opiliones-Laniatores. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 A (4 - 5), 1 - 472, pl. 1 a - b." type="journal article" year="1913">Roewer’s 1913: 136</bibRefCitation>
|
||
statement “
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20648FBE415306FB3A5829FB49FCF6" box="[1187,1206,835,861]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
unbekannt” [female unknown] is mistaken). During a meticulous survey of the “dry collection” in the NHMUK, I discovered
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20648FBE415306FAAF5802FA63FC2A" box="[1334,1436,871,898]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20648FBE415306FF5E58E6FEBAFC0E" box="[199,325,907,934]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
, pinned separately, undoubtedly belonging to the type series (as
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D11A4BE415306FB8C58E1FB83FC0E" box="[1045,1148,907,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
). The original label of the male specifies “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FED358C5FD7AFC62" authority="Guer." authorityName="Guer." box="[330,645,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">Gonyleptes planiceps Guer.</taxonomicName>
|
||
ic. R.A. (type), Magellan”, that of the female just “Magellan”. These specimens had some appendages either lost or loose, so I transferred them to vials with 70 % ethanol, along with suitable labels (handwritten by me) to unequivocally indicate their type status. The labels of the male (NHMUK 013376526) are currently available at the NHM Data Portal: https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/collection-specimens/ resource/05ff2255-c38a-40c9-b657-4ccb55ab2feb/record/8287232.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FC0D5F55FB41FBF2" author="Pessoa-Silva, M. & Hara, M. R. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Kury, A. B." box="[916,1214,1087,1113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref12021" refString="Pessoa-Silva, M., Hara, M. R., Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Kury, A. B. (2020) Pachylinae at their southernmost extreme (Laniatores: Gonyleptidae). In: Kury, A. B., Mendes, A. C., Cardoso, L., Kury, M. S. & Granado, A. A. (Eds.), WCO-Lite: Online world catalogue of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Version 1.0. Self published, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 58 - 59." type="book chapter" year="2020">
|
||
Pessoa-Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FBB75F2AFB96FBF2" box="[1070,1129,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
took profit on this unpublished information to formally determine the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FCFD5F09FBA8FBD6" box="[868,1111,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FCFD5F09FBA8FBD6" box="[868,1111,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Gonyleptes planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FAF95F09FEDAFB0A" authorityName="Sorensen" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Ectobiidae" genus="Balta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FAF95F09FEDAFB0A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Balta meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, what is in full agreement with my previous observations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99AF06BE415306FF5E5FC6FD94F9A2" blockId="5.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FF5E5FC6FE29FB6E" box="[199,470,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Roewer makes it worse:</emphasis>
|
||
As purported in Roewer’s labels, this author believed that the specimen SMF RI/795 belonged to the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FE665FA5FC4FFB42" authority="(Acosta 1996 a)" baseAuthorityName="Acosta" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[511,944,1231,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FE665FA5FD0DFB42" box="[511,754,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Gonyleptes planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FC9C5FA5FC57FB42" author="Acosta, L. E." box="[773,936,1231,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="209 - 225" refId="ref10738" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1996 a) Die Typus-Exemplare der von Carl-Friedrich Roewer beschriebenen Pachylinae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 76 (1 - 2), 209 - 225." type="journal article" year="1996">Acosta 1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The catalog-card in the SMF declares its presumed status too: “Simon ded., ex Museum Paris,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20648FBE415306FD695F99FCE5FAA5" box="[752,794,1267,1294]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D11A4BE415306FCB85F99FC64FAA6" box="[801,923,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
|
||
!”. This is likely the MNHN specimen cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FF0E5E72FEBDFA9A" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[151,322,1303,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref12183" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1913) Die Familie der Gonyleptiden der Opiliones-Laniatores. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 A (4 - 5), 1 - 472, pl. 1 a - b." type="journal article" year="1913">Roewer (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FEE15E7DFD29FA9A" authority="(Guerin)" baseAuthorityName="Guerin" box="[376,726,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FEE15E7DFD98FA9A" box="[376,615,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Lycomedes planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
(Guérin)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, which he seemingly incorporated later to his own collection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FF065E51FEC3FAFE" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[159,316,1339,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" refId="ref12222" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1923) Die Weberknechte der Erde. Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannten Opiliones. G. Fischer Verlag, Jena, 1116 pp." type="book" year="1923">Roewer 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The morphology of this specimen (a male, initially dry preserved, examined) does not match the original description and illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FDD55E0AFD26FAD2" box="[588,729,1375,1402]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FDD55E0AFD26FAD2" box="[588,729,1375,1402]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">G. planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FCDC5E35FC10FAD2" author="Gervais, P." box="[837,1007,1375,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref11355" refString="Gervais, P. (1842) Description et figures de quatre especes nouvelles de Phalangiens. Magasin de Zoologie, d'Anatomie Comparee et de Palaeontologie (ed. Guerin-Meneville F. - E.), (2) 4 (13), 1 - 5, pls 2 - 5." type="journal article" year="1842">Gervais (1842)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, neither Gervais’ (1849) redescription; but it does match the male drawn by Gervais (1854) in his fig. 10! That is to say, specimen SMF RI/795 is actually conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FECF5EC2FE2BFA6A" authorityName="Granulation, DS" authorityYear="1847" box="[342,468,1447,1474]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FECF5EC2FE2BFA6A" box="[342,468,1447,1474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">G. bicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as restored in this paper (see below). On the one hand, the alleged type status of SMF RI/795 is not supported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FE375EA1FDB1FA4E" author="Acosta, L. E." box="[430,590,1483,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="209 - 225" refId="ref10738" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1996 a) Die Typus-Exemplare der von Carl-Friedrich Roewer beschriebenen Pachylinae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 76 (1 - 2), 209 - 225." type="journal article" year="1996">Acosta 1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, Roewer followed Sørensen and gave preference to fig. 10 for identification, over the description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99AF06BE415306FF5E5D79FE0FF8E6" blockId="5.[151,1437,223,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FF5E5D79FECDF986" box="[199,306,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FEA25D7EFE1AF986" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[315,485,1555,1582]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref12183" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1913) Die Familie der Gonyleptiden der Opiliones-Laniatores. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 A (4 - 5), 1 - 472, pl. 1 a - b." type="journal article" year="1913">Roewer (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that the MNHN material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FC025D79FB73F986" baseAuthorityName="Acosta" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[923,1164,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FC025D79FB73F986" box="[923,1164,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Gonyleptes planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes from around the Strait of Magellan, information seemingly inspired by the original description, not stated on any label. There is a second citation of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FEF25D36FD69F9DE" box="[363,662,1627,1654]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FEE35D31FD78F9DE" box="[378,647,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">Lycomedicus planiceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
”,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FD605D36FC59F9DE" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[761,934,1627,1654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" refId="ref12222" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1923) Die Weberknechte der Erde. Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannten Opiliones. G. Fischer Verlag, Jena, 1116 pp." type="book" year="1923">Roewer (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, where a male from “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E261E4BE415306FB075D31FAE6F9DE" box="[1182,1305,1627,1653]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Valparaiso</collectingRegion>
|
||
” (allegedly in his collection) is reported. Over several months I thoroughly revised all tubes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FBD05D15FB3BF932" authorityName="Sorensen" authorityYear="1884" box="[1097,1220,1663,1689]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pachylinae">Pachylinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the catalogues of Roewer’s Collection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FE2E5DC9FDA5F916" author="Acosta, L. E." box="[439,602,1699,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="209 - 225" refId="ref10738" refString="Acosta, L. E. (1996 a) Die Typus-Exemplare der von Carl-Friedrich Roewer beschriebenen Pachylinae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 76 (1 - 2), 209 - 225." type="journal article" year="1996">Acosta 1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but just
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D20648FBE415306FD4D5DCEFC8EF916" box="[724,881,1699,1726]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FC625DC9FAFDF916" box="[1019,1282,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FC625DC9FAFDF916" box="[1019,1282,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Lycomedicus planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was located, the already mentioned RI/795. Most probably the two citations refer to the same specimen, and the reference to “
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E261E4BE415306FF385D81FEE3F8AE" box="[161,284,1771,1797]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
|
||
” is another of many inaccuracies in Roewer’s work. On the SMF catalog-card the species name was first written
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FF765C65FE3EF882" authority="(Guer.)" baseAuthorityName="Guer." box="[239,449,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FF625C65FE99F882" box="[251,358,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
(Guer.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FE575C65FDB5F882" authorityName="Sorensen" authorityYear="1902" box="[462,586,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FE575C65FDB5F882" box="[462,586,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Lycomedes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, then corrected to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FCB55C65FBE6F882" authority="(Roewer)" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" box="[812,1049,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FCA15C65FC5CF882" box="[824,931,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
(Roewer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FBBC5C65FB49F882" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1923" box="[1061,1206,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FBBC5C65FB49F882" box="[1061,1206,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Lycomedicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (note the mistaken amendment of the authorship).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99AF06BE415304FF5E5C3DFD40FEB6" blockId="5.[151,1437,223,2014]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1443,151,285]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
|
||
At this point it is needed to test the correspondence between Gervais’ (1854) fig. 10, and the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FF0E5C11FE87F83E" authorityName="Granulation, DS" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,376,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FF0E5C11FE87F83E" box="[151,376,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Gonyleptes bicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FDFC5C16FD0DF83E" box="[613,754,1915,1942]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FDFC5C16FD0DF83E" box="[613,754,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">G. planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FC8C5C11FC3EF83E" author="Gervais, P." box="[789,961,1915,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="5 - 52" refId="ref11529" refString="Gervais, P. (1849) Aracnidos. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile, Zoologia, vol. 4. Maulde & Renou, Paris, pp. 5 - 52. [Gervais, P.] (1854) Arachnideos. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Atlas de la Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Vol. 2. E. Thunot & Cie, Paris, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1849">Gervais (1849)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this is accomplished in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A49ABDBE415306FB4B5C11FAD9F83E" box="[1234,1318,1915,1941]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Match (+M) or mismatch (–m) between fig. 10 (Gervais 1854), and Gervais’ (1849) description of G. bicornis and redescription of G. planiceps; features observable on fig. 4b (lateral view) are inserted in round brackets. Stronger evidence is marked as **." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF59FF8EBE425305FF015BFDFE55FF53" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" tableUuid="DF59FF8EBE425305FF015BFDFE55FF53">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
, including (when applicable) features of the above mentioned fig. 4b (Gervais 1854) as well, which I also attribute to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE415306FA185CCAFF0CF876" authorityName="Granulation, DS" authorityYear="1847" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE415306FA185CCAFF0CF876" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">G. bicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Contrary to the uses of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FD955CA9FD48F876" author="Gervais, P." box="[524,695,1987,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="5 - 52" refId="ref11529" refString="Gervais, P. (1849) Aracnidos. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile, Zoologia, vol. 4. Maulde & Renou, Paris, pp. 5 - 52. [Gervais, P.] (1854) Arachnideos. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Atlas de la Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Vol. 2. E. Thunot & Cie, Paris, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1849">Gervais (1849)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FD5D5CA9FC82F876" author="Sorensen, W." box="[708,893,1987,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref12517" refString="Sorensen, W. (1902) Gonyleptiden (Opiliones Laniatores). In: Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 1892 / 93. 2 (Arthropoden). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 1 - 36." type="book chapter" year="1902">Sørensen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7D2F7BE415306FC2C5CAEFB9EF876" author="Roewer, C. F." box="[949,1121,1987,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" pagination="4 - 5" refId="ref12183" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1913) Die Familie der Gonyleptiden der Opiliones-Laniatores. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 79 A (4 - 5), 1 - 472, pl. 1 a - b." type="journal article" year="1913">Roewer (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
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, fig. 10 does not agree with the redescription of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE435304FEE55BFDFDF4FF1A" box="[380,523,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Lycomedicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planiceps">
|
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<emphasis id="B9527314BE435304FEE55BFDFDF4FF1A" box="[380,523,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">G. planiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but with the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE435304FCD35BFDFC35FF1A" authorityName="Granulation, DS" authorityYear="1847" box="[842,970,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE435304FCD35BFDFC35FF1A" box="[842,970,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">G. bicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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instead. The conclusion of this thorough comparison is straightforward:
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE435304FE665BD1FD1CFF7E" authorityName="Granulation, DS" authorityYear="1847" box="[511,739,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Gonyleptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE435304FE665BD1FD1CFF7E" box="[511,739,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">Gonyleptes bicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is to be referred to two mislabeled illustrations in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE435304FAFA5BD1FEBAFF52" authority="(Gervais 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE435304FAFA5BD1FA62FF7E" box="[1379,1437,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">Atlas</emphasis>
|
||
(Gervais 1854)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: fig. 4b and fig. 10. They show without doubt a hitherto undetected member of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE435304FABA5BB5FA6AFF52" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1913" box="[1315,1429,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE435304FABA5BB5FA6AFF52" box="[1315,1429,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">Parabalta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: henceforth named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26D485BE435304FEF15A69FDC3FEB6" authorityName="Acosta" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[360,572,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis" status="comb. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B9527314BE435304FEF15A69FDC3FEB6" box="[360,572,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">Parabalta bicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A261CE6FBE435304FDDA5A69FD40FEB6" box="[579,703,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |