283 lines
31 KiB
XML
283 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="121CD4009C831B5224D29EF2D718B858" ID-CLB-Dataset="22560" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4767.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d4d0ec5d-02c3-4fc4-a6e2-4236ed012d3e" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3771509" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9D29D0BA-53BB-4445-A477-D273D7A3CC9D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588020091583" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Ahmed, Quratulan, Thandar, Ahmed S. & Ali, Qadeer Mohammad" docDate="2020" docId="038F1157AC35FFE43BEF192FFA02F836" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4767.2.6.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4767 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lessonothuria Deichmann 1958" docType="key" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="316" masterDocId="FFB6692FAC3CFFED3B781B0AFF9FFFD4" masterDocTitle="Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875 (formally resurrected from synonymy of H. pardalis Selenka, 1867) and Holothuria (Lessonothuria) lineata Ludwig, 1875 - new additions to the sea cucumber fauna of Pakistan, with a key to the subgenus Lessonothuria Deichmann (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="307" pageNumber="316" updateTime="1698837536795" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BC8117BDA6BADF6BC67DCA6D2639D8E6">Holothuria (Lessonothuria) insignis Ludwig, 1875 (formally resurrected from synonymy of H. pardalis Selenka, 1867) and Holothuria (Lessonothuria) lineata Ludwig, 1875 - new additions to the sea cucumber fauna of Pakistan, with a key to the subgenus Lessonothuria Deichmann (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ACBE1289E0EF07F2D83BB09891D371C3">Ahmed, Quratulan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C95C7E28346EDDF6C112B7288ADA52BE">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9BE42480F563909AA6FD4933728D50AF">Ali, Qadeer Mohammad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="104A41788F166CB8C490C8929A537D28">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F34372B99F1A73651FF904B18651CC50">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038F1157AC35FFE43BEF192FFA02F836" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3798310" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163813412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3798310" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F1157AC35FFE43BEF192FFA02F836" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F1157AC35FFE43BEF192FFA02F836" lastPageNumber="316" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<subSubSection id="C33CF3CAAC35FFE43BEF192FFC7BFDEB" box="[151,996,549,576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF192FFC7BFDEB" blockId="9.[151,996,549,576]" box="[151,996,549,576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<heading id="D0D1172DAC35FFE43BEF192FFC7BFDEB" bold="true" box="[151,996,549,576]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43BEF192FFC7BFDEB" bold="true" box="[151,996,549,576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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Key to the species currently included in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE439C2192FFCF7FD94" ID-CoL="db441f5a-295c-478b-88c2-6d0cea05cb44" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1958" box="[698,872,549,576]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Lessonothuria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE439C2192FFCF7FD94" bold="true" box="[698,872,549,576]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">Lessonothuria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subgenus
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CF3CAAC35FFE43BEF1960FA02F836" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" type="key">
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<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF1960FA03FD48" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1960FA03FDAB" blockId="9.[151,1436,618,669]" box="[151,1436,618,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1960FA03FDAB" box="[151,1436,618,640]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">1. Tentacles 20......................................................................................... 4</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF198DFA03FD48" blockId="9.[151,1436,618,669]" box="[151,1436,647,669]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF198DFA03FD48" box="[151,1436,647,669]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">- Tentacles more than 20................................................................................. 2</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF19AEFA03FD20" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF19AEFA02FD03" blockId="9.[151,1437,676,757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF19AEFA02FD03" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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2. Tentacles 30; body wall ossicles as in
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE4393219AFFCCBFD6D" box="[586,852,676,698]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE4393219AFFD26FD6D" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[586,697,676,698]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pardalis">H. pardalis</taxonomicName>
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, pseudo-buttons
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</emphasis>
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with three pairs of holes, rarely twisted or reduced to a single series holes on one side; single Polian vesicle, multiple stone canals....................
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43F1F19C8FA06FD03" authority="Semper, 1868" authorityName="Semper" authorityYear="1868" box="[1127,1433,705,727]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="immobilis" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F1F19C8FBE0FD03" box="[1127,1151,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">H.</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FF419C8FB3FFD03" box="[1164,1184,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L.</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FD519C8FA93FD03" box="[1197,1292,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">immobilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43E6A19C8FA06FD03" author="Semper" box="[1298,1433,705,727]" firstAuthor="Semper" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" refId="ref8896" refString="Semper, C. (1868) Holothurien, Reisen im Archipel der Philippen, Holothurien, 2. Wissenschaftliche Resultate, Wiesbaden, Leipzig, 288 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11687." type="book" year="1868">Semper, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF19D5FA03FD20" blockId="9.[151,1437,676,757]" box="[151,1436,735,757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF19D5FA03FD20" box="[151,1436,735,757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">- Tentacles 25–30; body wall ossicles as tables and buttons, Polian vesicle and stone canal usually single, well developed.... 3</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF19F6FA02FCBE" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF19F6FA02FCFB" blockId="9.[151,1437,764,874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF19F6FA02FCFB" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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3. Tentacles 25, Polian vesicle and stone canal usually single; buttons huge with large holes; tables with smooth to spiny disc; spire sometimes with several cross-bars.........................................
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43F651810FA06FCFB" authority="Cherbonnier, 1988" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1988" box="[1053,1433,794,816]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duoturricola" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F651810FBA9FCFB" box="[1053,1078,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">H.</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F3B1810FBC8FCFB" box="[1091,1111,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L.</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F1C1810FB42FCFB" box="[1124,1245,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">duoturricola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43F9B1810FA06FCFB" author="Cherbonnier" box="[1251,1433,794,816]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="1 - 292" refId="ref8017" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1988) Echinodermes, Holothurides. Faune de Madagascar. In: Publice les auspices du Gouvernement de la Republique Malgache. Vol. 70. ORSTOM, Paris, pp. 1 - 292." type="book chapter" year="1988">Cherbonnier, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF183DFA02FCBE" blockId="9.[151,1437,764,874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF183DFA02FCBE" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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- Tentacles 25–30, multiple Polian vesicles and stone canals; tables and buttons well developed, hardly ever reduced...................................................................................
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F1A185FFBE5FCBE" box="[1122,1146,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">H.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43F07185EFA06FCBE" authority="Selenka, 1867" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[1151,1433,852,874]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verrucosa" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
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(
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FFF185FFB0BFCBE" box="[1159,1172,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L</emphasis>
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.)
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FD0185FFA97FCBE" box="[1192,1288,853,874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">verrucosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43E76185EFA06FCBE" author="Selenka" box="[1294,1433,852,874]" firstAuthor="Selenka" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="109 - 118" refId="ref8866" refString="Selenka, E. (1867) Nachtrag zu den Beitragen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrifte fur wissenschaftliche, Zoologie, 18, 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF1878FA03FC0B" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1878FA02FC70" blockId="9.[151,1437,882,992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1878FA02FC70" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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4. Body wall tables apparently flat, rim smooth; some discs multilocular with more than one series of marginal holes, some tables modified to fenestrated spheres and buttons to fenestrated ellipsoids.......................
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FF0189AFB3EFC71" box="[1160,1185,912,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FD6189AFB24FC71" box="[1198,1211,912,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L</emphasis>
|
||
.)
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FB71885FA80FC70" box="[1231,1311,911,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">cumulus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43E5D1885FA06FC70" author="Clark" box="[1317,1433,911,933]" firstAuthor="Clark" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="1 - 233" refId="ref8095" refString="Clark, H. L. (1921) The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. Papers of the Department of Marine Biology of Carnegie Institution of Washington, 10, 1 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14613" type="journal article" year="1921">Clark, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</keyLead>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF18A7FA03FC0B" blockId="9.[151,1437,882,992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF18A7FA03FC0B" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">- Body wall tables and buttons never modified into fenestrated bodies, although a few tables may possess a multilocular disc and a spire made up of several cross-bars...................................................................... 5</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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||
</keyStep>
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||
<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF18EDFA03FB5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF18EDFA02FBE3" blockId="9.[151,1437,999,1168]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF18EDFA02FBE3" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
5. Buttons mostly complete with two series of holes, not reduced to a single series on one side; tables with multilocular, smooth to spinose, mostly rounded disc; spire often with several cross-bars; plates around end plates serrated...............................................................................................
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<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F001F28FB0EFBE3" box="[1144,1169,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">H.</emphasis>
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||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FE61F28FB34FBE3" box="[1182,1195,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L</emphasis>
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||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FC71F28FAB7FBE3" box="[1215,1320,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">multipilala</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43E561F28FA06FBE3" author="Liao" box="[1326,1433,1057,1080]" firstAuthor="Liao" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="199 - 228" refId="ref8348" refString="Liao, Y. (1975) The echinoderms of Xisha Islands, Guangdong Province, China, I. Holothurioidea. Studia Marina Sinica, 10, 199 - 228." type="journal article" year="1975">Liao, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1F35FA03FB5B" blockId="9.[151,1437,999,1168]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1F35FA03FB5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">- Buttons complete or incomplete, holes sometimes reduced to a single series on one side; table disc with 4–8 holes, rim usually spinose, of variable form; some table spires with 1–2 cross bars, or cross bars absent; plates around ventral end plates smooth, serrated or absent..................................................................................... 6</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF1F9DFA03FAEB" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1F9DFA02FB33" blockId="9.[151,1437,1175,1344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1F9DFA02FB33" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
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6. Tube feet without suckers, end plates small, no plates surrounding end plates; tables mostly complete with buttons as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43EFD1F92FEAEFB1D" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pardalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43EFD1F92FEAEFB1D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">H. pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but large, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC35FFE43AAA1FBEFDBFFB1E" box="[466,544,1204,1226]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
, and with more holes; table disc multilocular, often with more than one series of holes, disc sometimes knobbed or spinose...........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43F681FD8FA06FB33" authority="Massin & Tomascik, 1996" authorityName="Massin & Tomascik" authorityYear="1996" box="[1040,1433,1233,1256]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cavans" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F681FD8FBBEFB33" box="[1040,1057,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">H</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F481FD8FBDBFB33" box="[1072,1092,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F291FD8FB0BFB33" box="[1105,1172,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">cavans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43FE21FD8FA06FB33" author="Massin & Tomascik" box="[1178,1433,1233,1256]" firstAuthor="Massin" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="160 - 165" refId="ref8409" refString="Massin, C. & Tomascik, T. (1996) Two new holothurians from Kakaban Island. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 44 (1), 160 - 165." type="journal article" year="1996">Massin & Tomascik, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1FE5FA03FAEB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1175,1344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1FE5FA03FAEB" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
- Tube feet always with suckers, end plates well developed, nearly always encircled by other often bilaterally symmetrical plates; buttons rarely up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE0DA4AC35FFE43ADA1E06FE73FAF6" box="[418,492,1292,1314]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
and never with more than 3 pairs of holes; table discs never with more than one series of marginal holes............................................................................................... 7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF1E4DFA03FA05" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1E4DFA02FA43" blockId="9.[151,1437,1351,1490]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1E4DFA02FA43" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
7. Body wall tables of several forms with smooth, undulating rim and low spire with a single cross-bar or rims spinose without a spire or a spire with one or more cross-bars; buttons often complete but twisted or irregularly formed or of bizarre shape......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43F711E88FA06FA43" authority="Cherbonnier, 1955" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1955" box="[1033,1433,1409,1432]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="glandifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F711E88FB42FA43" box="[1033,1245,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">Holothuria glandifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43F9B1E88FA06FA43" author="Cherbonnier" box="[1251,1433,1409,1432]" firstAuthor="Cherbonnier" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="319 - 323" refId="ref7984" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1955) Holothuries recoltees en Oceanie Francaise par G. Ranson en 1952. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, 27, 319 - 323." type="journal article" year="1955">Cherbonnier, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1E95FA03FA05" blockId="9.[151,1437,1351,1490]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1E95FA03FA05" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">- Body wall tables always with a spinose margin, spire low or absent, rarely a few tables with multiple cross-bars, buttons regular or incomplete with one or two series of holes............................................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF1ED0FA03F993" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1ED0FA02F9D8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1498,1608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1ED0FA02F9D8" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
8. Body covered with distinct tubercles, tables with circular, slightly spinose disc; plates of tube feet irregular, with 1–3 series of holes, never bilaterally symmetrical......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43F7C1EFDFBF0F9D8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1028,1135,1527,1548]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F7C1EFDFBF0F9D8" box="[1028,1135,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">Holothuria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F051EF2FB15F9D9" box="[1149,1162,1528,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FE01EFDFA99F9D8" box="[1176,1286,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">tuberculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43E731EFDFA06F9D8" author="Thandar" box="[1291,1433,1527,1549]" firstAuthor="Thandar" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref9182" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2007) Additions to the aspidochirotid, molpadid and apodid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the east coast of southern Africa, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1414 (1), 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1414.1.1." type="journal article" year="2007">Thandar, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1D1FFA03F993" blockId="9.[151,1437,1498,1608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1D1FFA03F993" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">- Body smooth or rough to the touch, tubercles absent; table disc distinctly spinose; plates surrounding end-plates of tube feet nearly always bilaterally symmetrical with 2 series of holes.................................................... 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF1D45FA03F8C0" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1D45FA02F969" blockId="9.[151,1437,1615,1813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1D45FA02F969" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
9. Table disc circular, spire low or moderate, ending in about eight teeth, spire rarely absent; buttons accumulated into heaps, complete and incomplete ones in a 50:50 ratio and with three pairs of holes, rarely twisted or reduced to a single series holes on one side; plates surrounding end plates of tube feet with a paired series of holes and usually an undulating margin.............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43F671DADFA06F969" authority="Selenka, 1867" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[1055,1433,1703,1725]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pardalis" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F671DADFB15F968" box="[1055,1162,1703,1724]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">Holothuria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FE01DA2FB33F969" box="[1176,1196,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FC11DADFA97F968" box="[1209,1288,1703,1724]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">pardalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43E761DADFA06F969" author="Selenka" box="[1294,1433,1703,1725]" firstAuthor="Selenka" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="109 - 118" refId="ref8866" refString="Selenka, E. (1867) Nachtrag zu den Beitragen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrifte fur wissenschaftliche, Zoologie, 18, 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1DCFFA03F8C0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1615,1813]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1DCFFA03F8C0" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">- Tables with low or reduced spire or spire absent; disc distinctly spinose; ventral buttons mostly reduced, often twisted; dorsal ones complete and incomplete; plates surrounding tube feet end plates either regular with undulating margin or irregular with serrated/spiny/irregular margin.......................................................................... 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D2B8E4AC35FFE43BEF1C16FA02F836" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1C16FA02F85E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1820,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1C16FA02F85E" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
10. Tables with reduced disc, often with only four central holes; spire low or absent, teeth irregular, never consistently eight; buttons mostly incomplete, often twisted, and frequently developed as a single series of three holes; plates associated with endplates bilaterally symmetrical with a series of paired holes and an undulating, rarely serrated rim............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43F5D1C7EFB0FF85D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1061,1168,1908,1929]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F5D1C7EFB0FF85D" box="[1061,1168,1908,1929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">Holothuria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43FEE1C7EFA06F85E" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[1174,1433,1908,1930]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insignis" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FE61C7FFB34F85E" box="[1182,1195,1909,1930]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FC71C7FFA95F85E" box="[1215,1290,1909,1930]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">insignis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43E681C7EFA06F85E" author="Ludwig" box="[1296,1433,1908,1930]" firstAuthor="Ludwig" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="77 - 220" refId="ref8380" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeite aus dem zoologie zootom, Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 220." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99A041AC35FFE43BEF1C98FA02F836" blockId="9.[151,1437,1820,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
<keyLead id="30D70374AC35FFE43BEF1C98FA02F836" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">
|
||
- Tables small, disc slightly spinose, pierced by only four holes or also a few small marginal holes; dorsal buttons usually complete, ventral often reduced but not twisted; plates associated with end plates always with serrated/spiny/irregular margin.........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43F551CC6FB07F835" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[1069,1176,1996,2017]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43F551CC6FB07F835" box="[1069,1176,1996,2017]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">Holothuria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26DBC2AC35FFE43FE61CC6FA06F836" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[1182,1433,1996,2018]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lineata" subGenus="Lessonothuria">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FDE1CC7FB2CF836" box="[1190,1203,1997,2018]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">L</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9527C53AC35FFE43FBF1CC6FA95F835" box="[1223,1290,1996,2017]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="316">lineata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7DDB0AC35FFE43E681CC6FA06F836" author="Ludwig" box="[1296,1433,1996,2018]" firstAuthor="Ludwig" pageId="9" pageNumber="316" pagination="77 - 220" refId="ref8380" refString="Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeite aus dem zoologie zootom, Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 220." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |