292 lines
28 KiB
XML
292 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="73E649D7A6819A42F0342BA7F73C5035" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.sajb.2017.04.006" ID-ISSN="1727-9321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496420" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1705062200933" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Magee, A. R., Ebrahim, I., Koopman, R. & von Staden, L." docDate="2017" docId="90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8" docLanguage="en" docName="SAfrJBot.111.371-386.pdf" docOrigin="South African Journal of Botany 111" docSource="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254629916340546" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4.1:SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4" docStyleName="SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Marasmodes trifida S. Ortiz 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" masterDocId="6C416A58FFD0776DFF96FFA9265EFFED" masterDocTitle="Marasmodes (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), the most threatened plant genus of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa: Conservation and taxonomy *" masterLastPageNumber="371" masterPageNumber="371" pageNumber="371" updateTime="1705512556691" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E278558838660F3D258C983CCD637E04">
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<mods:title id="EAE22717BDDB466829FA9B688C3AE932">Marasmodes (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), the most threatened plant genus of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa: Conservation and taxonomy *</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA6ED43939F2FDF83C70F4FF75506961">Magee, A. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B45412577A030FFABD6360B93EAD6608">Ebrahim, I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B138EC4C0F83A8B3D9481178016BB52F">Koopman, R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5B1F2869C4BFDD4E97AA932A5B7F3F9">von Staden, L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3455A8AE3FF8ED2C25699737845416FA">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0E7CBD21D9D7EAEE664B7520777D0ADA">
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<mods:date id="FB4B8E9C981BD3A038FABAE2CAC6BC53">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="10CF10595E55806AD4CE6380F11E2F97">2017-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="43CB70641F8DDEE7E76DF24614A642A4">111</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="43EED0A93EB5D5D182D866F42E88E658">371</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="94F095A235AAD737A0D2F1AC4D31A852" type="DOI">10.1016/j.sajb.2017.04.006</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="601C51A17A90637B03E080F85EE9D5DF" type="ISSN">1727-9321</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8" pageId="14">
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<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFDE7763FFE7F9C8248BF998" box="[113,725,1633,1653]" pageId="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFDE7763FFE7F9C8248BF998" blockId="14.[113,784,1633,1988]" box="[113,725,1633,1653]" pageId="14">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FFE7F9C82714F998" box="[113,330,1633,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14">
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12.
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FF05F9C82718F998" ID-CoL="3Y29H" authorityName="S. Ortiz" authorityYear="2009" box="[147,326,1633,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trifida">
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Marasmodes tri
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FEB4F9CB2770F998" bold="true" box="[290,302,1634,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14">fi</emphasis>
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da
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<bibCitation id="CDFBAB5AFFDE7763FED9F9CB248FF998" author="S. Ortiz" box="[335,721,1634,1653]" journal="Bot. J. Linn. Soc." page="331" pageId="14" score="50.350214376172545" volume="159" year="2009">
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S.Ortiz,
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<bibCitation id="CDFBAB5AFFDE7763FE0EF9CB248FF998" box="[408,721,1634,1653]" journal="Bot. J. Linn. Soc." page="331" pageId="14" score="53.420743301353696" volume="159" year="2009">
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Bot.
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<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFDE7763FE54F9CB2795F998" box="[450,459,1634,1653]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="14" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
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. Linn. Soc. 159: 331 (2009)
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</bibCitation>
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</bibCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFDE7763FD4FF9CB24D9F909" pageId="14" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFDE7763FD4FF9CB24D9F909" blockId="14.[113,784,1633,1988]" pageId="14">
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<typeStatus id="C76A1D94FFDE7763FD4FF9CB2552F998" box="[729,780,1634,1653]" pageId="14">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="60C6E3A6FFDE7763FFE7F9D726B7F97C" box="[113,233,1662,1681]" name="South Africa" pageId="14">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="DA156DD4FFDE7763FF64F9D72788F97C" box="[242,470,1662,1681]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="DA156DD4FFDE7763FE48F9D72453F97C" box="[478,525,1662,1681]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14">Cape</collectingRegion>
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<collectingCounty id="F10FDBBAFFDE7763FD85F9D72414F97C" box="[531,586,1662,1681]" pageId="14">Town</collectingCounty>
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(3318):
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<collectingMunicipality id="F80A394CFFDE7763FD36F9D72551F97C" box="[672,783,1662,1681]" pageId="14">Groenrivier</collectingMunicipality>
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farm, between the eastern slopes of
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<location id="1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FE46F9332461F940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8:1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FE46F9332461F940" box="[464,575,1690,1709]" country="South Africa" county="Town" municipality="Groenrivier" name="Dassenberg" pageId="14" stateProvince="Western Cape">Dassenberg</location>
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and
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<location id="1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FDF9F93326C4F925" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8:1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FDF9F93326C4F925" country="South Africa" county="Town" municipality="Groenrivier" name="Kalabaskraal village" pageId="14" stateProvince="Western Cape">Kalabaskraal village</location>
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, on heavy brackish clay in association with
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FDC3F91D24ECF925" box="[597,690,1716,1736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salicornia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FDC3F91D24ECF925" box="[597,690,1716,1736]" italics="true" pageId="14">Salicornia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(–DA),
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<date id="6C6F85F6FFDE7763FC95F91F268FF908" pageId="14" value="1980-05-02">
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<collectingDate id="7C2B7C1EFFDE7763FC95F91F268FF908" pageId="14" value="1980-05-02">2 May 1980</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FF4CF9792713F909" box="[218,333,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="14">Rourke 1672</emphasis>
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(NBG, holo.; K, NBG!, PRE!, iso.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFDE7763FF07F9442252FE9F" pageId="14" type="description">
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFDE7763FF07F9442252FE9F" blockId="14.[113,784,1633,1988]" lastBlockId="14.[828,1498,155,370]" pageId="14">
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Weak, single or few-stemmed, sparsely leafy shrublets,
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||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FD39F9442550F8EC" box="[687,782,1773,1793]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" unit="m" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 m</quantity>
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tall.
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FF0CF8A12688F8F1" box="[154,214,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="14">Leaves</emphasis>
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||
alternate, restricted to upper branches or branch tips, caducous, suberect to spreading, narrowly obovate, (8)10–14 ×
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FD2EF88C2555F8D5" box="[696,779,1829,1848]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
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, predominantly apically trifid, some simple or weakly pinnatifid, mucronulate, secondary basal lobes absent; axillary fascicles weakly developed or absent.
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FEBFF8D12729F861" box="[297,375,1912,1932]" italics="true" pageId="14">Capitula</emphasis>
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||
mostly solitary, some in irregular clusters of 2 or 3, terminal or on axillary shoots
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||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FD85F83C242BF845" box="[531,629,1940,1960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="2.0">2–15 mm</quantity>
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||
long.
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FD21F83D2551F845" box="[695,783,1940,1960]" italics="true" pageId="14">Involucre</emphasis>
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||
cylindrical-campanulate, 4–5 ×
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FE26F8182456F829" box="[432,520,1968,1988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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; bract margins and apices scarious, sessile glands at appendage base inconspicuous, stereome prominent; outer bracts ovate, 1.0–
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FB19FF1E2286FF26" box="[1167,1240,183,203]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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long, margin and apex not scarious; middle bracts narrowly ovate to oblong, 2.0–
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FACEFF7A23FDFF0A" box="[1368,1443,211,231]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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long, margin and apex at most only slightly scarious; inner bracts oblong,
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||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FCAAFEA225CFFEF3" box="[828,913,267,286]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
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long, narrowly scarious, apex with a prominent scarious appendage, yellowish brown to reddish pink.
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FB67FE8F2370FED7" box="[1265,1326,294,314]" italics="true" pageId="14">Florets</emphasis>
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ca. 10 to 14; limb 5-lobed from midpoint; lobes recurved.
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FB53FEEB2356FEBB" box="[1221,1288,322,342]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pappus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FB53FEEB2356FEBB" box="[1221,1288,322,342]" italics="true" pageId="14">Pappus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with adaxial scales ≥ length of corolla tube.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFDE7763FCAAFE3C228BFD31" pageId="14" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFDE7763FCAAFE3C2384FDD8" blockId="14.[828,1498,405,733]" pageId="14">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FCAAFE3C2254FE44" box="[828,1034,405,425]" italics="true" pageId="14">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
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The combination of the regularly trifid primary leaves and the single or few stemmed sparsely leafy habit, with the leaves restricted to upper branches or branch tips makes this species easily identifiable. It differs further from
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FB55FE40230AFE10" box="[1219,1364,489,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligocephala">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FB55FE40230AFE10" box="[1219,1364,489,509]" italics="true" pageId="14">M. oligocephala</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
by the longer primary leaves,
|
||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FC42FDAF2263FDF4" box="[980,1085,518,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs
|
||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FB00FDAF22B9FDF4" box="[1174,1255,518,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) and the absence of prominent scarious margins on the outer and middle involucral bracts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFDE7763FCCAFD97228BFD31" blockId="14.[828,1498,405,733]" pageId="14">
|
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The weakly branched habit and sparse leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="80EABFB3FFDE7763FA87FD972334FDBC" box="[1297,1386,574,593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[289,314,1919,1933]" captionTargetBox="[272,1339,145,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[270,1341,142,1883]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. General morphology of Marasmodes oubinae (A & B), M.polycephala (C & D), M.spinosa (E–G), M. trifida (H–J), M.undulata (K–M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496434/files/figure.png" pageId="14">Fig. 7I & J</figureCitation>
|
||
) is reminiscent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FC14FDF125B0FD81" box="[898,1006,600,620]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="defoliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FC14FDF125B0FD81" box="[898,1006,600,620]" italics="true" pageId="14">M. defoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from which it differs by the regularly trifid primary leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="80EABFB3FFDE7763FC10FDDC259DFD64" box="[902,963,629,649]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[289,314,1919,1933]" captionTargetBox="[272,1339,145,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[270,1341,142,1883]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. General morphology of Marasmodes oubinae (A & B), M.polycephala (C & D), M.spinosa (E–G), M. trifida (H–J), M.undulata (K–M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496434/files/figure.png" pageId="14">Fig. 7J</figureCitation>
|
||
), the smaller cylindrical-campanulate capitula,
|
||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FA1FFDDF2384FD64" box="[1417,1498,629,649]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="80EABFB3FFDE7763FCE3FD3825E4FD49" box="[885,954,657,677]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[289,314,1919,1933]" captionTargetBox="[272,1339,145,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-0@12.[270,1341,142,1883]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 7. General morphology of Marasmodes oubinae (A & B), M.polycephala (C & D), M.spinosa (E–G), M. trifida (H–J), M.undulata (K–M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496434/files/figure.png" pageId="14">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
|
||
) (vs broadly campanulate,
|
||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FB29FD382342FD48" box="[1215,1308,657,677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="14" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FAACFD3923F9FD49" box="[1338,1447,656,676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="defoliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FAACFD3923F9FD49" box="[1338,1447,656,676]" italics="true" pageId="14">M. defoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the longer pappus, equal to or longer than the length of the corolla tube (vs ± half tube length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FBCAFD612299FD31" box="[1116,1223,712,732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="defoliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FBCAFD612299FD31" box="[1116,1223,712,732]" italics="true" pageId="14">M. defoliata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFDE7763FCAAFCA92384FAB3" pageId="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFDE7763FCAAFCA92244FCF9" blockId="14.[828,1498,768,1374]" box="[828,1050,768,788]" pageId="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FCAAFCA92244FCF9" box="[828,1050,768,788]" italics="true" pageId="14">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFDE7763FCCAFCB52253FCDD" blockId="14.[828,1498,768,1374]" box="[860,1037,796,816]" pageId="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FCCAFCB52253FCDD" box="[860,1037,796,816]" italics="true" pageId="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FCCAFCB525B4FCDD" box="[860,1002,796,816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tri">Marasmodes tri</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FC7CFCB425A8FCDD" bold="true" box="[1002,1014,797,816]" italics="true" pageId="14">fi</emphasis>
|
||
da
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFDE7763FCCAFC902384FAB3" blockId="14.[828,1498,768,1374]" pageId="14">
|
||
Is localized to heavy, brackish clay flats in sand fynbos, and since it was first recorded in 1980, it has been only known from a small area between Rondeberg and Kalabaskraal near Malmesbury (
|
||
<figureCitation id="80EABFB3FFDE7763FAD6FCD8232FFC69" box="[1344,1393,881,900]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[319,344,1593,1607]" captionTargetBox="[329,1226,145,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-238@11.[327,1238,142,1558]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. The known geographical distribution of Marasmodes oppositifolia (star), M.trifida (circle) and M.undulata (triangle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496432/files/figure.png" pageId="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Monitoring of the population at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C76A1D94FFDE7763FBD7FC242235FC4D" box="[1089,1131,909,928]" pageId="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the 1980s indicated that the species was formerly abundant at this site, but ongoing habitat degradation, particularly due to the spread of alien invasive wattles, which by now have become an impenetrable thicket, has led to severe decline of this subpopulation over the past 30 years. A few plants persist in a road verge that is frequently cleared of woody vegetation, but there are concerns that frequent mowing is likely to damage the last remaining plants. Three more plants were found on the edge of a nearby clay quarry in 2010, a site that is also densely infested with alien wattles. A single plant was found at a commercial chicken farm in 2011, but at the time of discovery, it had already been sprayed with herbicide intended for clearing alien invasive plants, and later died.
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FAF8FB17239AFB3F" box="[1390,1476,1214,1234]" italics="true" pageId="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FAF8FB1723FCFB3F" box="[1390,1442,1214,1234]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tri">M. tri</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FA37FB1623F3FB3F" bold="true" box="[1441,1453,1215,1234]" italics="true" pageId="14">fi</emphasis>
|
||
da
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is on the brink of extinction, and is classified as Critically Endangered, C2a(i); D. Urgent conservation interventions are needed to restore the population to viable numbers. A portion of the property at the chicken farm has been set aside for conservation, and
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FA85FA872333FAAF" box="[1299,1389,1326,1346]" italics="true" pageId="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFDE7763FA85FA872314FAAF" box="[1299,1354,1326,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tri">M. tri</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FADCFA862308FAAF" bold="true" box="[1354,1366,1327,1346]" italics="true" pageId="14">fi</emphasis>
|
||
da
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
plants are being cultivated ex situ with the intent to reintroduce them to this site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFDE7763FCAAFA2B2295F9E8" pageId="14" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFDE7763FCAAFA2B2295F9E8" blockId="14.[828,1498,1410,1542]" pageId="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FCAAFA2B2200FA7B" box="[828,1118,1410,1430]" italics="true" pageId="14">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A8B9A96BFFDE7763FBF7FA2A2528FA23" collectingDate="1980-04-26" pageId="14">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="60C6E3A6FFDE7763FBF7FA2A2288FA7B" box="[1121,1238,1411,1430]" name="South Africa" pageId="14">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DA156DD4FFDE7763FB4BFA2A233BFA7B" box="[1245,1381,1411,1430]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FAFBFA2A25DAFA5C" bold="true" pageId="14">
|
||
3318 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DA156DD4FFDE7763FA31FA2B2384FA78" box="[1447,1498,1410,1429]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="14">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="F80A394CFFDE7763FCAAFA372527FA5C" box="[828,889,1438,1457]" pageId="14">Town</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FC1CFA3622CFFA5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8:1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FC1CFA3622CFFA5F" box="[906,1169,1439,1458]" country="South Africa" municipality="Town" name="Kalbaskraal Nature Reserve" pageId="14" stateProvince="Western Cape">Kalbaskraal Nature Reserve</location>
|
||
(–
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFDE7763FB3AFA362293FA5F" box="[1196,1229,1439,1458]" pageId="14">DA</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="6C6F85F6FFDE7763FB4BFA36230BFA5F" box="[1245,1365,1439,1458]" pageId="14" value="1980-04-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7C2B7C1EFFDE7763FB4BFA36230BFA5F" box="[1245,1365,1439,1458]" pageId="14" value="1980-04-26">26 Apr 1980</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FAC9FA342384FA5C" box="[1375,1498,1437,1457]" italics="true" pageId="14">
|
||
<location id="1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FAC9FA3423FBFA5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8:1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FAC9FA3423FBFA5C" box="[1375,1445,1437,1457]" country="South Africa" name="Burgers" pageId="14" stateProvince="Cape">Burgers</location>
|
||
2360
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFDE7763FCD5FA12252FFA23" box="[835,881,1467,1486]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="14" type="Herbarium">PRE</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A8B9A96BFFDE7763FC16FA122523FA04" collectingDate="2009-04-27" pageId="14">
|
||
<date id="6C6F85F6FFDE7763FC16FA1225ACFA23" box="[896,1010,1467,1486]" pageId="14" value="1980-05-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7C2B7C1EFFDE7763FC16FA1225ACFA23" box="[896,1010,1467,1486]" pageId="14" value="1980-05-02">2 May 1980</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FC6AFA102228FA20" box="[1020,1142,1465,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14">
|
||
<location id="1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FC6AFA10221CFA20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8:1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FC6AFA10221CFA20" box="[1020,1090,1465,1485]" country="South Africa" name="Burgers" pageId="14" stateProvince="Cape">Burgers</location>
|
||
2368
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFDE7763FB14FA1222EEFA23" box="[1154,1200,1467,1486]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="14" type="Herbarium">PRE</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<date id="6C6F85F6FFDE7763FB29FA122368FA23" box="[1215,1334,1467,1486]" pageId="14" value="2009-04-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7C2B7C1EFFDE7763FB29FA122368FA23" box="[1215,1334,1467,1486]" pageId="14" value="2009-04-27">27 Apr 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FAD6FA102384FA20" box="[1344,1498,1465,1485]" italics="true" pageId="14">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="F80A394CFFDE7763FAD6FA1023D0FA20" box="[1344,1422,1465,1485]" pageId="14">Ebrahim</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<specimenCode id="48770B4DFFDE7763FA05FA102384FA20" box="[1427,1498,1465,1485]" collectionCode="CR" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="14" type="Herbarium">CR3768</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFDE7763FCD5FA7F2529FA04" box="[835,887,1494,1513]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="14" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A8B9A96BFFDE7763FC10FA7E2295F9E8" collectingDate="2010-03-31" pageId="14">
|
||
<collectorName id="B524C6E0FFDE7763FC10FA7E25E9FA07" box="[902,951,1495,1514]" pageId="14">Farm</collectorName>
|
||
north of
|
||
<location id="1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FB87FA7F2227FA04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8:1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FB87FA7F2227FA04" box="[1041,1145,1494,1513]" country="South Africa" municipality="Ebrahim" name="Rondeberg" pageId="14" stateProvince="Cape">Rondeberg</location>
|
||
turnoff,
|
||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFDE7763FB5AFA7F2353FA04" box="[1228,1293,1494,1513]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="14" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
|
||
W of
|
||
<specimenCode id="48770B4DFFDE7763FADEFA7E233AFA07" box="[1352,1380,1495,1514]" collectionCode="N" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="14" type="Herbarium">N7</specimenCode>
|
||
, clay quarry (–
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFDE7763FCC7FA5B252CF9E8" box="[849,882,1522,1541]" pageId="14">DA</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="6C6F85F6FFDE7763FC17FA5B25A5F9E8" box="[897,1019,1522,1542]" pageId="14" value="2010-03-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7C2B7C1EFFDE7763FC17FA5B25A5F9E8" box="[897,1019,1522,1542]" pageId="14" value="2010-03-31">31 Mar 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFDE7763FB92FA5822DAF9E8" box="[1028,1156,1521,1541]" italics="true" pageId="14">
|
||
<location id="1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FB92FA582205F9E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90781220FFDE7763FFE7F9C82295F9E8:1D0EF5EDFFDE7763FB92FA582205F9E8" box="[1028,1115,1521,1541]" country="South Africa" name="Koopman" pageId="14" stateProvince="Cape">Koopman</location>
|
||
976
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFDE7763FB19FA5B229FF9E8" box="[1167,1217,1522,1541]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="14" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |