252 lines
25 KiB
XML
252 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="590B16B2AB5F02517D0B7C3D1C131D96" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.sajb.2017.04.006" ID-ISSN="1727-9321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496420" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1705062200933" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Magee, A. R., Ebrahim, I., Koopman, R. & von Staden, L." docDate="2017" docId="90781220FFD3776BFCB3FB2F248DFF27" docLanguage="en" docName="SAfrJBot.111.371-386.pdf" docOrigin="South African Journal of Botany 111" docSource="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254629916340546" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4.1:SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="AD72C92759D651943977BAEA6E2218B4" docStyleName="SAfrJBot.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Marasmodes crewiana Magee & I. Ebrahim" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" masterDocId="6C416A58FFD0776DFF96FFA9265EFFED" masterDocTitle="Marasmodes (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), the most threatened plant genus of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa: Conservation and taxonomy *" masterLastPageNumber="371" masterPageNumber="371" pageNumber="371" updateTime="1705512556691" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DF67869CCC6A822F195EDD90266521DA">
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<mods:title id="0348B19B5E8ED7D45EB3C8AAC158CC88">Marasmodes (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), the most threatened plant genus of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa: Conservation and taxonomy *</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="63ACB7484CD2B5F797CBE81AD7D0A11B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6408F7287272CD6D5394CF9835FA43AA">Magee, A. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4855B3A69FFA88AA457ACDD42E3280B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5E4E2B0A0565A3410F83827A1536DB31">Ebrahim, I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8B8679EB157C327819F148432EED7F90" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2C43CDDE4EACAC982E8846C02C08F684">Koopman, R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="227D6401658F7DCFA405E6E1FDF7EF95" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="102C1390ED48DA192D41AD6B2E19EFB9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="71E1417CA60D639E22A300042D47D692">von Staden, L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="95A05103AABFAA32EED326079090E3AB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CC88161F1AADB3A0EA7AC5D594AD0DAA">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4E8566AB31BBBB98F909A3DEEC1D0BBB">
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<mods:date id="BC31CFDCD44B58E5AAA72AF778F2934D">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2B858BAC452830DAB2FFB944B4D3C886" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="938D349122F8E8490912467E32D4E85C">2017-07-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="DF840B521D59FEE884C0DC0517521D6B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="11D927794B38FAC2C7B53379A2FA7B0A">111</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="49CF6554E57FC1D73E7856D1E23B4B4B">371</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5589685D29B5AB757475269FAD6DD334">371</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="BDE4E6B7BBD4734CB67C153EFA7F1731">
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<mods:url id="7A964E081FAE1094D661C37F49B86D8E">https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0254629916340546</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4046B4CD9ADB2E59817B2EF2E54A860D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DAEA69A6A854C97888F7045A3A7B807F" type="DOI">10.1016/j.sajb.2017.04.006</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0F9EB58DB742E77ED61D95F080EBAF71" type="ISSN">1727-9321</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7609B4A0E0896B0F29C1A9D56F975D37" type="Zenodo-Dep">10496420</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="90781220FFD3776BFCB3FB2F248DFF27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90781220FFD3776BFCB3FB2F248DFF27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90781220FFD3776BFCB3FB2F248DFF27" lastPageId="6" pageId="3">
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<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFD3776EFCB3FB2F2259FB77" box="[805,1031,1158,1178]" pageId="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFD3776EFCB3FB2F2259FB77" blockId="3.[804,1475,1158,1709]" box="[805,1031,1158,1178]" pageId="3">
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<heading id="4326145AFFD3776EFCB3FB2F2259FB77" box="[805,1031,1158,1178]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFCB3FB2F2259FB77" box="[805,1031,1158,1178]" italics="true" pageId="3">
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1.
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD3776EFCACFB2F2259FB77" authorityName="Magee & I. Ebrahim" box="[826,1031,1158,1178]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crewiana">Marasmodes crewiana</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFD3776EFCD2FB0D22ABFAE7" pageId="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFD3776EFCD2FB0D22ABFAE7" blockId="3.[804,1475,1158,1709]" pageId="3">
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Magee & I.Ebrahim,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3196C25FFFD3776EFB84FB0D223EFB5A" box="[1042,1120,1188,1207]" pageId="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<typeStatus id="C76A1D94FFD3776EFBFEFB0D22C2FB5A" box="[1128,1180,1188,1207]" pageId="3">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="60C6E3A6FFD3776EFB3EFB0D2378FB5A" box="[1192,1318,1188,1207]" name="South Africa" pageId="3">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="DA156DD4FFD3776EFAA7FB0D23E0FB5A" box="[1329,1470,1188,1207]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="3">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
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, Worcester (3319): Spes
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<collectingCountry id="60C6E3A6FFD3776EFBB1FB692206FB3E" box="[1063,1112,1216,1235]" name="Algeria" pageId="3">Bona</collectingCountry>
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Farm, between the Brandvlei and Draaivlei dams near Worcester (–CD),
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<date id="6C6F85F6FFD3776EFB0FFB72234CFB03" box="[1177,1298,1243,1263]" pageId="3" value="2013-04-30">30 Apr 2013</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFA8DFB73250DFAE7" italics="true" pageId="3">Magee & Ebrahim 1017</emphasis>
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(NBG, holo.!; BOL!, K!, PRE!, NBG!, S!, iso.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFD3776EFCD2FABA25EDF940" pageId="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFD3776EFCD2FABA25EDF940" blockId="3.[804,1475,1158,1709]" pageId="3">
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Well-branched, multistemmed, twiggy shrublets,
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFD3776EFAA5FABA23CBFACA" box="[1331,1429,1299,1319]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" unit="m" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 m</quantity>
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tall.
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFCB3FA87253CFAAF" box="[805,866,1326,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3">Leaves</emphasis>
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alternate, regularly arranged along branches, suberect, linear, 4–10 ×
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFD3776EFCE7FAE225E3FAB3" box="[881,957,1355,1374]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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, simple, mucronulate, secondary basal lobes well developed, rudimentary or absent; axillary fascicles absent or rarely poorly developed on old stems.
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFBD9FA2B22C5FA7B" box="[1103,1179,1410,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3">Capitula</emphasis>
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solitary, terminal or on axillary shoots
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFD3776EFCF9FA37258FFA5F" box="[879,977,1438,1458]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="5.0">5–70 mm</quantity>
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long.
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFB80FA342230FA5C" box="[1046,1134,1437,1457]" italics="true" pageId="3">Involucre</emphasis>
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obconical to campanulate, 4–5 ×
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFD3776EFCB3FA122529FA23" box="[805,887,1466,1486]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
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; bract margins and apices scarious, sessile glands at appendage base inconspicuous, stereome obscure; outer bracts broadly ovate, 1.0–
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFD3776EFCD8FA5B25C7F9EB" box="[846,921,1522,1542]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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long, margin and apex narrowly scarious; middle bracts ovate, 1.5–2.0 mm long, margins scarious, apex broadly scarious, ± truncate; inner bracts oblong,
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<quantity id="DF290ED3FFD3776EFBCDF983228CF9D3" box="[1115,1234,1578,1598]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
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long, margins scarious, apex with a prominent scarious appendage, ovate to broadly ovate, reddish pink.
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFC23F9C825AAF998" box="[949,1012,1633,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3">Florets</emphasis>
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ca. 14 to 36; limb 5-lobed from just above midpoint; lobes erect to recurved.
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD3776EFBFBF9D422F1F97C" box="[1133,1199,1661,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pappus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFBFBF9D422F1F97C" box="[1133,1199,1661,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3">Pappus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with adaxial scales ± length of corolla tube.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFD37768FCB2F97927A9FE9F" lastPageId="5" pageId="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFD3776EFCB2F97925B9F909" blockId="3.[804,999,1744,1764]" box="[804,999,1744,1764]" pageId="3">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFCB2F97925B9F909" box="[804,999,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="3">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFD3776EFCB2F8A122D0F8F1" blockId="3.[804,1475,1800,1988]" box="[804,1166,1800,1820]" pageId="3">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFCB2F8A122D0F8F1" box="[804,1166,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3">
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD3776EFCB2F8A125ACF8F1" box="[804,1010,1800,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crewiana">Marasmodes crewiana</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD3776EFB89F8A122D0F8F1" box="[1055,1166,1800,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulata">M. undulata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFD37768FCD2F88C2462FF27" blockId="3.[804,1475,1800,1988]" lastBlockId="5.[90,760,155,370]" lastPageId="5" pageId="3">
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Both have prominent scarious apices on all the involucral bracts. In
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD3776EFCB2F8E925CBF8B9" box="[804,917,1856,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crewiana">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFCB2F8E925CBF8B9" box="[804,917,1856,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3">M. crewiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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however the apices of the middle and outer bracts are not extended into ovate or broadly ovate appendages, as in
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD3776EFADCF8F523E2F89D" box="[1354,1468,1884,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulata">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFADCF8F523E2F89D" box="[1354,1468,1884,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3">M. undulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but remain comparatively short and prominently blunt-tipped (
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<figureCitation id="80EABFB3FFD3776EFCB8F83C25D5F845" box="[814,907,1941,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,139,1927,1941]" captionTargetBox="[201,1405,145,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[199,1412,142,1892]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. General morphology of Marasmodes crewiana (A–C), M. defoliata (D & E), M. dummeri (F & G), M. fasciculata (H & I), M. macrocephala (J & K), M. oligocephala (L & M), and M.oppositifolia (O & P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496424/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
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). Furthermore, the involucre is usually obconical (
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<figureCitation id="80EABFB3FFD3776EFAEDF83D23E1F845" box="[1403,1471,1940,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,139,1927,1941]" captionTargetBox="[201,1405,145,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[199,1412,142,1892]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. General morphology of Marasmodes crewiana (A–C), M. defoliata (D & E), M. dummeri (F & G), M. fasciculata (H & I), M. macrocephala (J & K), M. oligocephala (L & M), and M.oppositifolia (O & P)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496424/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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, broadly campanulate in
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD3776EFB81F80622D5F82E" box="[1047,1163,1967,1987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulata">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD3776EFB81F80622D5F82E" box="[1047,1163,1967,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3">M. undulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the involucral bracts have an obscure stereome and the pappus is as long as or longer than the corolla tube (shorter than the corolla tube in
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD57768FE56FF1F2470FF27" box="[448,558,182,202]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undulata">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD57768FE56FF1F2470FF27" box="[448,558,182,202]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. undulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4CAEF3BEFFD47769FFE7F82E277DF840" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10496424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496424/files/figure.png" pageId="4" startId="4.[113,139,1927,1941]" targetBox="[201,1405,145,1889]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="186EA336FFD47769FFE7F82E277DF840" blockId="4.[113,1497,1927,1965]" pageId="4">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD47769FFE7F82E26FFF878" bold="true" box="[113,161,1927,1941]" pageId="4">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
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General morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD47769FEF7F82E2454F87B" box="[353,522,1927,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crewiana">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD47769FEF7F82E2454F87B" box="[353,522,1927,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4">Marasmodes crewiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(A–C),
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD47769FDD0F82E24C1F87B" box="[582,671,1927,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="defoliata">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD47769FDD0F82E24C1F87B" box="[582,671,1927,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4">M. defoliata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(D & E),
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<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD47769FD7EF82E251AF87B" box="[744,836,1927,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dummeri">
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<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD47769FD7EF82E251AF87B" box="[744,836,1927,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4">M. dummeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(F & G),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD47769FC1DF82E25ADF87B" box="[907,1011,1927,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD47769FC1DF82E25ADF87B" box="[907,1011,1927,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4">M. fasciculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H & I),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD47769FBA1F82E22E6F87B" box="[1079,1208,1927,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD47769FBA1F82E22E6F87B" box="[1079,1208,1927,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4">M. macrocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(J & K),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD47769FB6DF82E232FF87B" box="[1275,1393,1927,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oligocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD47769FB6DF82E232FF87B" box="[1275,1393,1927,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4">M. oligocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L & M), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD47769FFE7F83726BFF840" authorityName="Magee & Ebrahim & Koopman & von Staden" authorityYear="2017" box="[113,225,1950,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD47769FFE7F83726BFF840" box="[113,225,1950,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4">M. oppositifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(O & P).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFD57768FFECFF7D27A9FE9F" blockId="5.[90,760,155,370]" pageId="5">
|
||
It has also been confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD57768FE0FFF7B24CEFF0B" box="[409,656,210,230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD57768FE0FFF7B24CEFF0B" box="[409,656,210,230]" italics="true" pageId="5">Marasmodes macrocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the past but can be readily distinguished by the distinctive scarious apices on all the involucral bracts, the absence of a prominent stereome, the shorter leaves,
|
||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFD57768FF08FE8E26A5FED7" box="[158,251,295,314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs
|
||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFD57768FEC7FE8E27E7FED7" box="[337,441,295,314]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="10.0">10–18 mm</quantity>
|
||
long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD57768FD93FE8F24FFFED7" box="[517,673,294,314]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Marasmodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD57768FD93FE8F24FFFED7" box="[517,673,294,314]" italics="true" pageId="5">M. macrocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the longer pappus, as long as or longer than the corolla tube (vs more or less equal to half the length of the corolla tube).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFD57768FFCCFE3C2360FEBB" pageId="5" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFD57768FFCCFE3C2766FE44" blockId="5.[90,760,405,482]" box="[90,312,405,425]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD57768FFCCFE3C2766FE44" box="[90,312,405,425]" italics="true" pageId="5">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFD57768FFECFE1B2360FEBB" blockId="5.[90,760,405,482]" lastBlockId="5.[805,1475,155,342]" pageId="5">
|
||
The species is known from only two small clumps on adjoining farms between the Brandvlei and Draaivlei dams near Worcester (
|
||
<figureCitation id="80EABFB3FFD57768FD22FE6724B7FE0C" box="[692,745,462,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[321,346,1972,1986]" captionTargetBox="[329,1226,524,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-238@5.[327,1238,521,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. The known geographical distribution of Marasmodes crewiana (circle), M. defoliata (square) and M. dummeri (stars)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496426/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), where it occurs in and alongside drainage washes in transitional areas between quartzite fynbos and shale renosterveld on lower slopes, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD1D8B5FFD57768FC0FFF7B2345FF0B" authority="(Harv.) B. Nord." authorityName="B. Nord." baseAuthorityName="Harv." box="[921,1307,210,230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cymbopappus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adenosolen">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD57768FC0FFF7B22DBFF0B" box="[921,1157,210,230]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cymbopappus adenosolen</emphasis>
|
||
(Harv.) B.Nord.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
There are in total fewer than 50 plants, and the population is threatened by ongoing habitat degradation due to erosion caused by livestock grazing, spreading alien invasive plants and too infrequent fire. It is therefore assessed as Critically Endangered according to the criteria C2a(ii); D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="50CBF0BDFFD5776BFCB3FED0248DFF27" lastPageId="6" pageId="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFD57768FCB3FED0221CFE60" blockId="5.[805,1474,377,482]" box="[805,1090,377,397]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD57768FCB3FED0221CFE60" box="[805,1090,377,397]" italics="true" pageId="5">Additional specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="186EA336FFD5776BFCD2FE3F248DFF27" blockId="5.[805,1474,377,482]" lastBlockId="6.[113,783,155,202]" lastPageId="6" pageId="5">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="60C6E3A6FFD57768FCD2FE3F25E7FE44" box="[836,953,406,425]" name="South Africa" pageId="5">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DA156DD4FFD57768FC56FE3E2204FE47" box="[960,1114,407,426]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="5">WESTERN CAPE</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD57768FBF7FE3F234AFE44" bold="true" box="[1121,1300,406,425]" pageId="5">3319 (Worcester):</emphasis>
|
||
Draaivlei farm between the Brandvlei and Draaivlei dams near Worcester (–CD),
|
||
<date id="6C6F85F6FFD57768FA14FE1B2508FE0C" pageId="5" value="2013-04-30">30 Apr 2013</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD57768FCC9FE642266FE0C" box="[863,1080,461,481]" italics="true" pageId="5">Magee & Ebrahim 1019</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFD57768FBD2FE67222DFE0C" box="[1092,1139,462,481]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="5" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFD57768FBEAFE6722F7FE0C" box="[1148,1193,462,481]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="5" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
|
||
); Hentie De Wet's Farm [Spes
|
||
<collectingCountry id="60C6E3A6FFD6776BFFE7FF3526FAFF42" box="[113,164,156,175]" name="Algeria" pageId="6">Bona</collectingCountry>
|
||
], near Villiersdorp, W of the road to Worcester,
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFD6776BFDE5FF3524DCFF42" box="[627,642,156,175]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="6" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
of the
|
||
<quantity id="DF290ED3FFD6776BFD50FF322551FF43" box="[710,783,155,174]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3452288" pageId="6" unit="mi" value="27.0">27 mile</quantity>
|
||
road mark (–CD),
|
||
<date id="6C6F85F6FFD6776BFE8BFF1E27CDFF27" box="[285,403,183,202]" pageId="6" value="2009-04-23">23 Apr 2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="2AA57F24FFD6776BFE0AFF1F246AFF27" box="[412,564,182,202]" italics="true" pageId="6">
|
||
Ebrahim
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFD6776BFE78FF1F2457FF27" box="[494,521,182,202]" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="6" type="Herbarium">CR</collectionCode>
|
||
3770
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="7EC03BF3FFD6776BFDD6FF1E2431FF27" box="[576,623,183,202]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="6" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
|
||
, 2 sheets).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |