213 lines
19 KiB
XML
213 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1206/3989.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" approvalRequired="24" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="24" checkinTime="1665199088063" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rozen, Jerome G. & Houston, Terry F." docDate="2022" docId="015A4668FFA9FFAEFE4DF7C4FDA7FA93" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2022.3989.1-15.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2022 (3989)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2022/issue-3989/3989.1/Descriptions-of-the-Mature-Larvae-of-Three-Australian-Ground-Nesting/10.1206/3989.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.4:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Trichocolletes orientalis BATLEY AND HOUSTON" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FD633E10FFADFFA9FFCFF35DFFF2FF82" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of the Mature Larvae of Three Australian Ground-Nesting Bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Diphaglossinae and Neopasiphaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1665199518807" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Descriptions of the Mature Larvae of Three Australian Ground-Nesting Bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Diphaglossinae and Neopasiphaeinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rozen, Jerome G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Houston, Terry F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2022</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3989</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>16</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2022/issue-3989/3989.1/Descriptions-of-the-Mature-Larvae-of-Three-Australian-Ground-Nesting/10.1206/3989.1.full</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1206/3989.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:015A4668FFA9FFAEFE4DF7C4FDA7FA93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/015A4668FFA9FFAEFE4DF7C4FDA7FA93" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection box="[386,935,1177,1204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[386,935,1177,1204]" box="[386,935,1177,1204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading box="[386,935,1177,1204]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName authority="BATLEY AND HOUSTON" authorityName="BATLEY AND HOUSTON" box="[386,935,1177,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Trichocolletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis box="[386,655,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trichocolletes orientalis</emphasis>
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BATLEY AND HOUSTON
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[584,736,1233,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[584,736,1233,1259]" box="[584,736,1233,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading box="[584,736,1233,1259]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="7">
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<figureCitation box="[584,736,1233,1259]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 9–11" captionStart-1="FIGURES 12, 13" captionStartId-0="6.[108,207,1036,1057]" captionStartId-1="6.[109,207,1542,1563]" captionTargetBox-0="[303,1022,226,989]" captionTargetBox-1="[108,1212,1165,1514]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@6.[292,1028,221,1007]" captionTargetId-1="figure-43@6.[108,1212,1165,1517]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 9–11. Diagrams of predefecating larva of Trichocolletes orientalis Batley and Houston. 9. Entire larva, lateral view. Scale bar = 2 cm. 10, 11. Head, frontal and lateral views." captionText-1="FIGURES 12, 13. SEM micrographs of predefecating larva of Trichocolletes orientalis. 12. Front of head. 13. Close-up of mouthparts, noting huge down-curved labral tubercles and uncertain arrangement of spicules on maxilla as well as clear arrangement of labial palpi laterad of only slightly projecting salivary opening." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 9–13</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[108,1212,1289,1764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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DIAGNOSIS: Larva similar to known
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1930" box="[597,798,1289,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neopasiphaeinae">Neopasiphaeinae</taxonomicName>
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in not spinning a cocoon; labium recessed in lateral view; salivary opening small, at most only slightly protruding and oval. Unique in labrum bearing pair of extremely large, down-curved apical tubercles (figs 12, 13). Unlike
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<taxonomicName box="[195,407,1402,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Leioproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanni">
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<emphasis box="[195,407,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leioproctus wanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in frons being convex, not broadly depressed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[108,1212,1289,1764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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All four available larvae of this species were predefecating, characterized by their seemingly bloated body (fig. 9) and thinner and more transparent cuticle than in most postdefecating larvae of other bees. These specimens were collected by T.F.H., who also reported on their biology (
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<bibRefCitation author="Houston, T. F." box="[212,407,1551,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="503 - 601" refId="ref5224" refString="Houston, T. F. 2020 b. On the remarkable nesting biology of an Australian bee in the genus Trichocolletes Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Austral Entomology 59: 503 - 601." type="journal article" year="2020">Houston, 2020b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[108,1212,1289,1764]" lastBlockId="7.[108,1214,225,1297]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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HEAD: Very small relative to bloated predefecating body (fig. 9). Integument of cleared head capsule translucent, not strongly wrinkled as in specimen of
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<taxonomicName box="[902,1006,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Leioproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanni">
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<emphasis box="[902,1006,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. wanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described above, but difference possibly due to developmental stage. On cleared, stained head capsule, posterior thickening of head capsule narrow but distinct; pleurostomal and epistomal ridges faintly evident; median coronal ridge not evident; parietal bands only moderately impressed (fig. 12); in lateral view (fig. 11), profile of integument mesad of parietal band normally curved and antennal mound only moderately produced, hence profile of clypeus and frons above, not eclipsed by moderate antennal mound (fig. 11). Epistomal ridge arching upward from anterior tentorial pits to near level of antenna in frontal view (figs. 10, 12). Because of these features, surface of face in frontal view of mature larva (fig. 12) not dominated by large depression created by mounds mesad of parietal bands, large antennal mounds, and short clypeus, all as pictured for
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<taxonomicName box="[108,212,450,475]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Leioproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanni">
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<emphasis box="[108,212,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. wanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 4). Labrum bearing pair of extremely large, down-curved apical tubercles (figs 10–13). Mandible elongate, ending in darkly pigmented, sclerotized, sharply pointed apex, with cuspal area weakly produced, and dorsal apical edge with linear row of 7 or 8 strongly developed, sharply pointed teeth; ventral apical edge apparently without teeth. Maxillae moderately large, with tapering palpi somewhat shorter than those of
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<emphasis box="[794,903,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName box="[794,899,599,624]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Leioproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanni">L. wanni</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Labium recessed, short in lateral view (fig. 11) with scarcely projecting, unpigmented palpi. Salivary opening faintly projecting, probably oval when open, but capable of closing when dorsal edge curves downward (fig. 13).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[109,210,1391,1412]" targetBox="[108,1212,224,1359]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[109,1210,1389,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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FIGURES. 4–8. SEM micrographs of mature larva of
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<emphasis box="[648,743,1390,1413]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName box="[648,739,1390,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Leioproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanni">L. wanni</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[748,792,1389,1413]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4, 5.</emphasis>
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Head frontal view and only approximate lateral view (note both left and right antennae visible).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[668,687,1418,1442]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.</emphasis>
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Frontal view of mouthparts showing: (a) conspicuous pattern of spicules on labrum between labral tubercles; (b) elongate maxillary palpi; (c) recessed labial palpi; and (d) recessed and somewhat obscure salivary opening lacking lips.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[896,915,1477,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.</emphasis>
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SEM micrograph of left side of metasomal segments 5–9, showing projecting spiracles of segments 6–8.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[936,955,1506,1530]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.</emphasis>
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Close-up of projecting spiracle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[108,207,1036,1057]" targetBox="[303,1022,226,989]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[108,1212,1034,1087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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FIGURES 9–11. Diagrams of predefecating larva of
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<taxonomicName authority="Batley and Houston." authorityName="Batley and Houston." box="[653,1113,1034,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Trichocolletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis box="[653,890,1034,1058]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichocolletes orientalis</emphasis>
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Batley and Houston.
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1121,1140,1034,1058]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9.</emphasis>
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Entire larva, lateral view. Scale bar = 2 cm.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[483,553,1063,1087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10, 11.</emphasis>
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Head, frontal and lateral views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[109,207,1542,1563]" targetBox="[108,1212,1165,1514]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[108,1214,1540,1624]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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FIGURES 12, 13. SEM micrographs of predefecating larva of
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<taxonomicName box="[742,973,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Trichocolletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis box="[742,973,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichocolletes orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[987,1019,1540,1564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12.</emphasis>
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Front of head.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1182,1214,1540,1564]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.</emphasis>
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Close-up of mouthparts, noting huge down-curved labral tubercles and uncertain arrangement of spicules on maxilla as well as clear arrangement of labial palpi laterad of only slightly projecting salivary opening.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[108,1214,225,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">BODY: In lateral view (fig. 9) body segments of mature larva enlarged and intersegmental constrictions much reduced because of predefecating condition; terminal abdominal segment as illustrated and most body segments at most weakly subdivided dorsally into anterior and posterior annulets. Posterior annulets without dorsolateral projections or ridges. Atrial surfaces densely spiculate. Because of predefecating condition, dark content of alimentary tract of preserved larva vaguely evident at some intersegmental constrictions.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[108,1214,225,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-12-03" collectionCode="T" collectorName="F. Houston" latitude="-31.5431" location="Yanchep National Park" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="115.6895" municipality="Four" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED:
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<collectingMunicipality box="[425,481,973,999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Four</collectingMunicipality>
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predefecating, mature larvae:
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<emphasis box="[830,1102,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName box="[830,1098,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Trichocolletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Trichocolletes orientalis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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ex brood cell
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<date box="[155,277,1009,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2020-12-03">
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<collectingDate box="[155,277,1009,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2020-12-03">3/xii/2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:015A4668FFA9FFAEFE4DF7C4FDA7FA93:8C2CA1A5FFAAFFAEFEEEF0ACFDC3FB89" box="[289,561,1009,1035]" latitude="-31.5431" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="115.6895" municipality="Four" name="Yanchep National Park" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Western Australia">Yanchep National Park</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[573,787,1009,1036]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[799,924,1009,1036]" degrees="31.5431" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="5" value="-31.5431">31.5431° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[936,1078,1009,1036]" degrees="115.6895" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="5" value="115.6895">115.6895° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[1090,1108,1010,1036]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName pageId="7" pageNumber="8">F. Houston</collectorName>
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1598-1
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[108,1214,225,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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DISCUSSION:
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<bibRefCitation author="Houston, T. F." box="[313,527,1084,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="503 - 601" refId="ref5224" refString="Houston, T. F. 2020 b. On the remarkable nesting biology of an Australian bee in the genus Trichocolletes Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Austral Entomology 59: 503 - 601." type="journal article" year="2020">Houston’s (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
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treatment of the nesting biology and larva of
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<taxonomicName box="[1077,1212,1084,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Trichocolletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis box="[1077,1212,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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provides a wealth of information about that species. It also offers some biological insight regarding
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<taxonomicName authority="(Smith)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[153,515,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Trichocolletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustus">
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<emphasis box="[153,416,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trichocolletes venustus</emphasis>
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(Smith)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Rayment" authorityName="Rayment" authorityYear="1931" box="[529,823,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Trichocolletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dowerinensis">
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<emphasis box="[529,707,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. dowerinensis</emphasis>
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Rayment
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<emphasis box="[888,913,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T.</emphasis>
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species indeterminate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[108,1214,225,1297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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The salivary opening and small labial tubercles of larvae of both
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<taxonomicName box="[916,1052,1196,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Trichocolletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis box="[916,1052,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[1110,1212,1197,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Leioproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanni">
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<emphasis box="[1110,1212,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. wanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar and contrast strongly with the elongate spoutlike salivary opening with associated elongate labial palpi of
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<taxonomicName box="[384,508,1271,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Paracolletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
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<emphasis box="[384,508,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. crassipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |