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<document id="A275C13AB9BE067E1A64BB78AAF92FE1" ID-CLB-Dataset="8034" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1249" ID-GBIF-Dataset="abae667f-9034-4d62-a010-b901ece4a71c" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4561525" ID-ZooBank="FC9085BE-73C4-4F33-BD9B-6A9F573AB01D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614239900250" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cuadrado, Daniel, Rodríguez, Jorge, Moro, Leopoldo, Grande, Cristina &amp; Noreña, Carolina" docDate="2021" docId="F13387D2FF90C11BFB69FC24FB17372B" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-736_1-43.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 736" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Prostheceraeus crisostomum Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="EC7A7E2B-99FD-447D-A189-676144875AC2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="0D0AFFAAFF9FC10AF952FF89FFCF3516" masterDocTitle="Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698931131623" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="4C510E78505522BE2D6E51C0CE8CA320">Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from Cape Verde and related regions of Macaronesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="109E1A4C60CD53A12BB54B627AC33950">Cuadrado, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA732757ADB157F15C04CBE2CDB24148">Departmento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), c / José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Marine Invertebrates Department, Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Servicio de Biodiversidad, Gobierno de Canarias, Edif. Usos Múltiples I, Av. Anaga n ° 35, Pl. 11, 38071 S / C de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D20A443B83BAA1F28D14D847F3774505" type="email">cuadradopm@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="23A0D8D533B52C587D09925038768CF1">Rodríguez, Jorge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A258FCBBEF306212C388B7EEBA7F0BA">Marine Invertebrates Department, Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="21582A37A4177887C6B361528B27ECE0" type="email">jorge.rodriguezmonter@austmus.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8D8885829AAF2A7CDF8A7D58EEE413CE">Moro, Leopoldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C6660B8D00030E5A64C99E42907F0AF">Servicio de Biodiversidad, Gobierno de Canarias, Edif. Usos Múltiples I, Av. Anaga n ° 35, Pl. 11, 38071 S / C de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="342F00A97F902D159C31E14E51946EED" type="email">lmoraba@gobernodecanarias.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DC2FF094CF3A94F92C4B460273AB32C4">Grande, Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D1C2269541027DFB58FBC8284CFB50BA">Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2667AF36E07F2808BD704DD8EFC215BC" type="email">cristina.grande@uam.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="95861203A2F52F772438A2BD709F7A0D">Noreña, Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="90D548B53F3581D3CBD909B8B54EF85A">Departmento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), c / José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. Marine Invertebrates Department, Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Servicio de Biodiversidad, Gobierno de Canarias, Edif. Usos Múltiples I, Av. Anaga n ° 35, Pl. 11, 38071 S / C de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4EA5EC482FFE73B46CBF4A8E2611D0D0">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B1B268AE420F16C12445D86311634550">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F13387D2FF90C11BFB69FC24FB17372B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700623" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179911143" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4700623" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC7A7E2B-99FD-447D-A189-676144875AC2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F13387D2FF90C11BFB69FC24FB17372B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="3180654FFF90C105FB69FC24FC3636DE" box="[571,1017,941,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105FB69FC24FC3636DE" blockId="15.[365,1222,941,1038]" box="[571,1017,941,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="226D81A8FF90C105FB69FC24FC3636DE" box="[571,1017,941,968]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF90C105FB69FC24FC5836D1" authority="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[571,919,941,968]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crisostomum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF90C105FB69FC24FC5836D1" bold="true" box="[571,919,941,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prostheceraeus crisostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50DD57ADFF90C105FACCFC27FC3636DE" box="[926,1017,942,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105F83FFC58FB0936FA" blockId="15.[365,1222,941,1038]" box="[365,1222,977,1004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105FB92FC7DFCBD3118" blockId="15.[365,1222,941,1038]" box="[704,882,1012,1038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<figureCitation id="E1A12A41FF90C105FB92FC7DFCD13118" box="[704,798,1012,1038]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[190,233,1769,1795]" captionTargetBox="[196,1398,817,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-186@2.[190,1400,805,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Location of sampling points, distribution of the Macaronesian archipelagos and limitation of regions: Lauri-Macaronesia or Lusitanian Macaronesia (white); Central Macaronesia or Eumacaronesia (bordeaux) and Great Macaronesia (green). Abbreviations:A1 = San Miguel Island, Azores; C1 = Pasito Blanco, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands; C2 = Tenerife, Canary Islands; C3 = Garachico, Tenerife, Canary Islands; C4 = Amarilla Golf, Tenerife, Canary Islands; CV1 = Astillero Mindelo, S„o Vicente Island, Cape Verde; CV2 = Bahía das Gatas, S„o Vicente Island, Cape Verde; CV3 = Calheta Funda, Sal Island, Cape Verde; M1 = Ifni, South Morocco; M2 = Agadir, South Morocco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561527/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E1A12A41FF90C105FA79FC7DFCF83118" box="[811,823,1012,1038]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,886,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-208@16.[189,1399,883,1718]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 3. A–D. Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov. (MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698). A. Whole live animal, dorsal view. B. Anterior region with cerebral eyes cluster and tentacles (black arrows). C. Histological section of the reproductive system stained with AZAN. D. Histological section of the whole animal stained with AZAN and sagittal reconstruction. – E–I. Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy (MNCN 4.01/2729 to 2798). E. Whole live animal, dorsal view. F. Anterior region with eyes cluster and tentacles (white arrows). G. Whole live animal, ventral view. H. Histological sagittal section of male and female copulatory organ. I. Sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561533/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3</figureCitation>
A–D
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3180654FFF90C105F9EFFBBCFD3B31B7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105F9EFFBBCFE8B3159" blockId="15.[189,324,1077,1103]" box="[189,324,1077,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="226D81A8FF90C105F9EFFBBCFE8B3159" bold="true" box="[189,324,1077,1103]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF90C105F9EFFBBCFE8B3159" bold="true" box="[189,324,1077,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105F9EFFBEDFD3B31B7" blockId="15.[189,1398,1124,1186]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The name of the new species,
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF90C105FB7CFBEDFC4E3168" authorityName="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[558,897,1124,1150]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crisostomum">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF90C105FB7CFBEDFC4E3168" box="[558,897,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prostheceraeus crisostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is dedicated to the little cat, Crisostomo, roommate during the description of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3180654FFF90C105F9EFFB41FE9E306D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105F9EFFB41FE6531F4" blockId="15.[189,426,1224,1250]" box="[189,426,1224,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="226D81A8FF90C105F9EFFB41FE6531F4" bold="true" box="[189,426,1224,1250]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF90C105F9EFFB41FE6531F4" bold="true" box="[189,426,1224,1250]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105F9B8FB7EFE933007" blockId="15.[188,1399,1271,1403]" box="[234,348,1271,1297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF90C105F9B8FB7EFE933007" bold="true" box="[234,348,1271,1297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="A6218866FF90C105F9B8FB7EFE933007" box="[234,348,1271,1297]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105F9EFFA93FE9E306D" blockId="15.[188,1399,1271,1403]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<materialsCitation id="C9F23C99FF90C105F9EFFA93FE9E306D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042687313" collectingDate="2018-07-08" collectionCode="AZAN" collectorName="Leopoldo Moro" country="Cape Verde" latitude="16.650927" location="Sal Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-22.945261" municipality="Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sal" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="018D7654FF90C105F9EFFA93FEBF3023" box="[189,368,1306,1333]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">CAPE VERDE</collectingCountry>
•
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,
<location id="7C45601FFF90C105FB58FA93FD783022" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F13387D2FF90C11BFB69FC24FB17372B:7C45601FFF90C105FB58FA93FD783022" box="[522,695,1306,1332]" country="Cape Verde" latitude="16.650927" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-22.945261" municipality="Island" name="Calheta Funda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Sal">Calheta Funda</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="1CAE5003FF90C105FB90FA90FCB33023" box="[706,892,1305,1333]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="03.34" value="16.650927">16°39′03.34″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1CAE5003FF90C105FAD5FA90FB8C3023" box="[903,1091,1305,1333]" degrees="22" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="1" seconds="42,94" value="-22.945261">22°56′42,94″ W</geoCoordinate>
(
<figureCitation id="E1A12A41FF90C105FD01FA93FB053022" box="[1107,1226,1306,1332]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[190,233,1769,1795]" captionTargetBox="[196,1398,817,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-186@2.[190,1400,805,1730]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Location of sampling points, distribution of the Macaronesian archipelagos and limitation of regions: Lauri-Macaronesia or Lusitanian Macaronesia (white); Central Macaronesia or Eumacaronesia (bordeaux) and Great Macaronesia (green). Abbreviations:A1 = San Miguel Island, Azores; C1 = Pasito Blanco, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands; C2 = Tenerife, Canary Islands; C3 = Garachico, Tenerife, Canary Islands; C4 = Amarilla Golf, Tenerife, Canary Islands; CV1 = Astillero Mindelo, S„o Vicente Island, Cape Verde; CV2 = Bahía das Gatas, S„o Vicente Island, Cape Verde; CV3 = Calheta Funda, Sal Island, Cape Verde; M1 = Ifni, South Morocco; M2 = Agadir, South Morocco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561527/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1C V</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E1A12A41FF90C105FD98FA93FB173022" box="[1226,1240,1306,1332]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,886,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-208@16.[189,1399,883,1718]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 3. A–D. Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov. (MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698). A. Whole live animal, dorsal view. B. Anterior region with cerebral eyes cluster and tentacles (black arrows). C. Histological section of the reproductive system stained with AZAN. D. Histological section of the whole animal stained with AZAN and sagittal reconstruction. – E–I. Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy (MNCN 4.01/2729 to 2798). E. Whole live animal, dorsal view. F. Anterior region with eyes cluster and tentacles (white arrows). G. Whole live animal, ventral view. H. Histological sagittal section of male and female copulatory organ. I. Sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561533/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3</figureCitation>
);
<date id="0D241004FF90C105FDBCFA93FABD3022" box="[1262,1394,1306,1332]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2018-07-08">
<collectingDate id="1D60E9ECFF90C105FDBCFA93FABD3022" box="[1262,1394,1306,1332]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2018-07-08">8 Jul. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="D46F5312FF90C105F9EEFAB4FEB9304E" box="[188,374,1341,1368]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Leopoldo Moro</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="293C9EBFFF90C105F8E8FAB7FD3C3041" box="[442,755,1341,1368]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698</specimenCode>
(15 slides). One sagittally sectioned specimen stained with AZAN.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3180654FFF90C11AF9EFFA2BFC3934A6" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105F9EFFA2BFE8130AA" blockId="15.[189,334,1442,1468]" box="[189,334,1442,1468]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="226D81A8FF90C105F9EFFA2BFE8130AA" bold="true" box="[189,334,1442,1468]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF90C105F9EFFA2BFE8130AA" bold="true" box="[189,334,1442,1468]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105F9EFFA58FC6533A8" blockId="15.[188,1400,1488,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
BODY. Shape elongated. Length
<quantity id="BE629B21FF90C105FB6BFA59FD4230FD" box="[569,653,1488,1515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
. Smooth dorsal surface; background pigmentation ivory white, darker along the middle dorsal region of the body between the cerebral eyes and the posterior end of the body. In the posterior middle end it shows a large conspicuous black spot. Small black dots on the entire dorsal surface (
<figureCitation id="E1A12A41FF90C105F822F9B3FE033342" box="[368,460,1594,1620]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,886,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-208@16.[189,1399,883,1718]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 3. A–D. Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov. (MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698). A. Whole live animal, dorsal view. B. Anterior region with cerebral eyes cluster and tentacles (black arrows). C. Histological section of the reproductive system stained with AZAN. D. Histological section of the whole animal stained with AZAN and sagittal reconstruction. – E–I. Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy (MNCN 4.01/2729 to 2798). E. Whole live animal, dorsal view. F. Anterior region with eyes cluster and tentacles (white arrows). G. Whole live animal, ventral view. H. Histological sagittal section of male and female copulatory organ. I. Sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561533/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Two marginal tentacles, separate. Tentacular eyes scarce and widely dispersed between the tentacles. Cerebral eyes arrow-shaped located by the central midline (
<figureCitation id="E1A12A41FF90C105FD2FF9D4FB19336E" box="[1149,1238,1629,1656]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,886,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-208@16.[189,1399,883,1718]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 3. A–D. Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov. (MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698). A. Whole live animal, dorsal view. B. Anterior region with cerebral eyes cluster and tentacles (black arrows). C. Histological section of the reproductive system stained with AZAN. D. Histological section of the whole animal stained with AZAN and sagittal reconstruction. – E–I. Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy (MNCN 4.01/2729 to 2798). E. Whole live animal, dorsal view. F. Anterior region with eyes cluster and tentacles (white arrows). G. Whole live animal, ventral view. H. Histological sagittal section of male and female copulatory organ. I. Sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561533/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Bell-shaped pharynx located in the first body half. Ventral sucker in the middle of the body. Male and female genital pores well separated and located after the pharynx (
<figureCitation id="E1A12A41FF90C105FA48F92DFC9133A8" box="[794,862,1700,1726]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,886,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-208@16.[189,1399,883,1718]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 3. A–D. Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov. (MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698). A. Whole live animal, dorsal view. B. Anterior region with cerebral eyes cluster and tentacles (black arrows). C. Histological section of the reproductive system stained with AZAN. D. Histological section of the whole animal stained with AZAN and sagittal reconstruction. – E–I. Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy (MNCN 4.01/2729 to 2798). E. Whole live animal, dorsal view. F. Anterior region with eyes cluster and tentacles (white arrows). G. Whole live animal, ventral view. H. Histological sagittal section of male and female copulatory organ. I. Sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561533/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G–H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF90C105F9EFF96FFB6732C4" blockId="15.[189,1401,1765,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Male copulatory organ oriented forward. The muscular prominent penis papilla houses a conical, elongated stylet of pseudosclerotized nature. The rounded and well developed prostatic vesicle joins transversally with the sperm duct and lies over the penis papilla (
<figureCitation id="E1A12A41FF90C105FC54F8A5FAA63250" box="[1286,1385,1836,1862]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,886,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-208@16.[189,1399,883,1718]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 3. A–D. Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov. (MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698). A. Whole live animal, dorsal view. B. Anterior region with cerebral eyes cluster and tentacles (black arrows). C. Histological section of the reproductive system stained with AZAN. D. Histological section of the whole animal stained with AZAN and sagittal reconstruction. – E–I. Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy (MNCN 4.01/2729 to 2798). E. Whole live animal, dorsal view. F. Anterior region with eyes cluster and tentacles (white arrows). G. Whole live animal, ventral view. H. Histological sagittal section of male and female copulatory organ. I. Sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561533/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
). Muscular seminal vesicle oval, dorsally located and caudo-frontally oriented. The
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF90C105FDECF8D9FAB8327F" box="[1214,1399,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vasa deferentia</emphasis>
join at the ventro-caudal region of the vesicle and the sperm duct open ventro-frontally. Seminal and prostatic vesicles open together into the proximal region of the developed penis papillae. The male atrium surrounded the penis papillae and opens near the posterior end of the pharynx.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF8FC11AF9EFFE80FC3934A6" blockId="16.[188,1400,265,433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Atrium elongated and highly ciliated, continues dorsally into the long but not ciliated vagina externa. The vagina externa narrows into a non-ciliated small cavity that continues in the vagina interna. It presents a widened epithelium and ends with the entry of the oviducts (
<figureCitation id="E1A12A41FF8FC11AFC5FFEC6FAA5347F" box="[1293,1386,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[195,1395,886,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-208@16.[189,1399,883,1718]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 3. A–D. Prostheceraeus crisostomum sp. nov. (MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698). A. Whole live animal, dorsal view. B. Anterior region with cerebral eyes cluster and tentacles (black arrows). C. Histological section of the reproductive system stained with AZAN. D. Histological section of the whole animal stained with AZAN and sagittal reconstruction. – E–I. Pseudoceros rawlinsonae var. galaxy (MNCN 4.01/2729 to 2798). E. Whole live animal, dorsal view. F. Anterior region with eyes cluster and tentacles (white arrows). G. Whole live animal, ventral view. H. Histological sagittal section of male and female copulatory organ. I. Sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: see Material and methods." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561533/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
). Cement and shell glands lie around the female atrium, vagina externa and distal region of the vagina interna, but opens into the small cavity (pouch) between both vaginas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3180654FFF8FC11BF9EFFE5EFB17372B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="792536C4FF8FC11AF9EFFE5EFEE034E7" blockId="16.[189,303,471,497]" box="[189,303,471,497]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="226D81A8FF8FC11AF9EFFE5EFEE034E7" bold="true" box="[189,303,471,497]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF9EFFE5EFEE034E7" bold="true" box="[189,303,471,497]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF8FC11AF9EFFD8FFA883770" blockId="16.[189,1398,518,615]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AF9EFFD8FFDDA3736" authority="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,533,518,544]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crisostomum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF9EFFD8FFDDA3736" box="[189,533,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prostheceraeus crisostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50DD57ADFF8FC11AFB70FD8FFD4D3736" box="[546,642,518,544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AFACFFD8FFB9D3736" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1859" box="[925,1106,518,544]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFACFFD8FFB9D3736" box="[925,1106,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prostheceraeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the presence of cerebral, frontal and marginal eyes, true anterior tentacles, bell-shaped pharynx, the male copulatory system with prostatic vesicle, penis armed whit stylet and the presence of multiple uterine vesicles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF8FC11AF9EFFD04FB603607" blockId="16.[186,1399,653,786]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AF86AFD04FE2237B1" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1859" box="[312,493,653,679]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF86AFD04FE2237B1" box="[312,493,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prostheceraeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises 10 species, mainly characterized by coloration pattern, with colorful pigmentations and dorsal longitudinal lines of different widths, as in
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AFA87FD3BFE4737F8" authority="Dixit, Raghunathan &amp; Chandra, 2017" authorityName="Dixit, Raghunathan &amp; Chandra" authorityYear="2017" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFA87FD3BFB4437DD" box="[981,1163,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. fuscolineatus</emphasis>
Dixit, Raghunathan &amp; Chandra, 2017
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AF8C1FD5CFE3437F8" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[403,507,725,750]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="roseus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF8C1FD5CFE3437F8" box="[403,507,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. roseus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AFB58FD5CFC8737F8" authority="Lang, 1884" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[522,840,724,751]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudolimax">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFB58FD5CFD7537F8" box="[522,698,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pseudolimax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1D0B4B35FF8FC11AFB92FD5CFC8737F8" author="Lang A." box="[704,840,724,751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref18146" refString="Lang A. 1884. Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel 11. Engelmann, Leipzig. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10545" type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AFA00FD5CFC3837F8" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[850,1015,724,750]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="giesbrechtii">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFA00FD5CFC3837F8" box="[850,1015,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. giesbrechtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AFD55FD5CFA8A37F9" authority="(Montagu, 1815)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[1031,1349,724,751]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFD55FD5CFBB637F8" box="[1031,1145,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. vittatus</emphasis>
(Montagu, 1815)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AF9EEFD71FE1A3604" authority="(Hyman, 1955)" baseAuthorityName="Hyman" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[188,469,759,786]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Stylochidae" genus="Imogine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="zebra">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF9EEFD71FED53607" box="[188,282,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. zebra</emphasis>
(Hyman, 1955)
</taxonomicName>
or with fine, transversal lines as in
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AFA24FD71FB643607" authority="(Hyman, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Hyman" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[886,1195,759,785]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Maritigrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crozieri">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFA24FD71FC223607" box="[886,1005,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. crozieri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1D0B4B35FF8FC11AFAAEFD7EFB6D3607" author="Hyman L. H." box="[1020,1186,759,785]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="127 - 152" refId="ref17438" refString="Hyman L. H. 1939. Some polyclads of the New England coast, especially of the Woods Hole region. The Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 76: 127 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1537854" type="journal article" year="1939">Hyman, 1939</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2DE5664CFF8FC11AF9EFF95DFEE732F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4561533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4561533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4561533/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[189,232,1748,1774]" targetBox="[195,1395,886,1702]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="792536C4FF8FC11AF9EFF95DFEE732F3" blockId="16.[188,1400,1748,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF9EFF95DFE8333F8" bold="true" box="[189,332,1748,1774]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3. A–D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AF809F95DFD6133F8" authority="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[347,686,1748,1774]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crisostomum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF809F95DFD6133F8" box="[347,686,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prostheceraeus crisostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50DD57ADFF8FC11AFBE4F95CFCDE33F9" box="[694,785,1749,1775]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNCN 4.01/2684 to 2698).
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFD20F95DFB4833F8" bold="true" box="[1138,1159,1748,1774]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. Whole live animal, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF806F971FEA83204" bold="true" box="[340,359,1784,1810]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
. Anterior region with cerebral eyes cluster and tentacles (black arrows).
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFD91F97EFB173207" bold="true" box="[1219,1240,1783,1809]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
. Histological section of the reproductive system stained with AZAN.
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFA37F892FCB53223" bold="true" box="[869,890,1819,1845]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
. Histological section of the whole animal stained with AZAN and sagittal reconstruction. –
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFA46F8B7FC8F324E" bold="true" box="[788,832,1854,1880]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E–I</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8FC11AFA02F8B7FAC4324E" authorityName="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[848,1291,1854,1881]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="variety" species="rawlinsonae" variety="galaxy">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFA02F8B7FBB0324E" box="[848,1151,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudoceros rawlinsonae</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFDEFF8B7FAC4324E" box="[1213,1291,1854,1880]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">galaxy</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNCN 4.01/2729 to 2798).
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF8FAF8E8FE73326D" bold="true" box="[424,444,1889,1915]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
. Whole live animal, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFA6FF8E8FC80326D" bold="true" box="[829,847,1889,1915]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
. Anterior region with eyes cluster and tentacles (white arrows).
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF825F80DFE413288" bold="true" box="[375,398,1924,1950]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
. Whole live animal, ventral view.
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AFA70F80CFCF63289" bold="true" box="[802,825,1925,1951]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
. Histological sagittal section of male and female copulatory organ.
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8FC11AF8C0F821FE5232D4" bold="true" box="[402,413,1960,1986]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
. Sagittal reconstruction of the reproductive system. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="792536C4FF8EC11BF9EFFE80FB17372B" blockId="17.[188,1399,265,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Three other species of
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BF898FE80FDB03435" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1859" box="[458,639,265,291]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BF898FE80FDB03435" box="[458,639,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prostheceraeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show a color pattern free of lines or bands:
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BFDD5FE83FF353450" authority="Lang, 1883" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1883" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="albocinctus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BFDD5FE83FAE43435" box="[1159,1323,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. albocinctus</emphasis>
Lang, 1883
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BF854FEA4FE453450" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[262,394,300,326]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BF854FEA4FE453450" box="[262,394,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. moseleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BF891FEA4FCEC3450" authority="Lang, 1884" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[451,803,300,327]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubropunctatus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BF891FEA4FD5C3450" box="[451,659,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. rubropunctatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1D0B4B35FF8EC11BFBC9FEA4FCEC3450" author="Lang A." box="[667,803,300,327]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref18146" refString="Lang A. 1884. Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel 11. Engelmann, Leipzig. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10545" type="book" year="1884">Lang, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. These three species, together with
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BFD96FEA4FAB93450" authority="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[1220,1398,301,326]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crisostomum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BFD96FEA4FAB93450" box="[1220,1398,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. crisostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50DD57ADFF8EC11BF9EFFED9FED6347C" box="[189,281,336,362]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, have a dotted pattern, but the background colors are different in the four species: caramel brown background with white or whitish spots and white marginal line in
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BFAB2FEFAFB4B349A" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1883" box="[992,1156,370,396]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="albocinctus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BFAB2FEFAFB4B349A" box="[992,1156,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. albocinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, blue-gray or cream background with black dots and yellow marginal band in
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BFAD1FE1EFBC434A6" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[899,1035,406,432]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BFAD1FE1EFBC434A6" box="[899,1035,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. moseleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and finally
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BFDF0FE1EFAB834A6" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[1186,1399,406,432]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubropunctatus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BFDF0FE1EFAB834A6" box="[1186,1399,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. rubropunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a pink to reddish background color, white dots and without marginal band. The base coloration of
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BF9B2FE54FE5834E0" authorityName="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[224,407,477,502]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crisostomum">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BF9B2FE54FE5834E0" box="[224,407,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. crisostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BFB6CFE54FD2A34E0" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1883" box="[574,741,476,502]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="albocinctus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BFB6CFE54FD2A34E0" box="[574,741,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. albocinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but much clearer and almost ivory; the dorsal points are black like in
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BF8D8FD89FDC0370F" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[394,527,511,537]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BF8D8FD89FDC0370F" box="[394,527,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. moseleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and lacks a marginal line or band similar to
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BFD7EFD89FB32370F" authorityName="Lang" authorityYear="1884" box="[1068,1277,511,537]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="rubropunctatus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BFD7EFD89FB32370F" box="[1068,1277,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. rubropunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All these differences delimit
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BF8F2FDAAFD9C372A" authority="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña, 2021" authorityName="Cuadrado &amp; Rodríguez &amp; Moro &amp; Grande &amp; Noreña" authorityYear="2021" box="[416,595,547,572]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="crisostomum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BF8F2FDAAFD9C372A" box="[416,595,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. crisostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50DD57ADFF8EC11BFB09FDAAFD7A372B" box="[603,693,547,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as a new species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="BE9A4D47FF8EC11BFD49FDABFB1F372A" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1859" box="[1051,1232,546,572]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Euryleptidae" genus="Prostheceraeus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BEEEAD6FF8EC11BFD49FDABFB1F372A" box="[1051,1232,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prostheceraeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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