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<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247FFFA4FE22EBDCFC14FB3A" ID-CoL="4YVH9" authority="(Conrad, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[422,897,1198,1225]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FE22EBDCFD50FB3B" box="[422,709,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sphenodiscus pleurisepta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FD51EBDCFCECFB3A" author="Conrad, T. A." box="[725,889,1198,1225]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 174" refId="ref20265" refString="Conrad, T. A. 1857. Descriptions of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils. In W. H. Emory (editor), Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. United States 34 th Congress, 1 st Session, Senate Ex Document 108 and House Ex Document 135 1 (2): 141 - 174." type="journal article" year="1857">Conrad, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="F19F2A54247FFFA4FDCEEB94FD4AFAF2" box="[586,735,1254,1281]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[108,194,707,728]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,680]" captionTargetId="figure-248@22.[108,1212,224,680]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. A. Sphenodiscus lobatus (Toumey, 1856), AMNH 112085, AMNH loc. 3620, Corsicana Formation, Falls County, Texas. B, C. Sphenodiscus pleurisepta (Conrad, 1857), AMNH loc. 3620, Falls County, Texas. B. UNM 15489, K-Pg event deposit at the base of the Kincaid Formation. C. AMNH 116378, Corsicana Formation, 1.25 m below the K-Pg boundary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4566609/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 9B, C</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FFE8EA53FF76FACB" box="[108,227,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ammonites</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247FFFA4FF6EEA52FDBEFACB" ID-CoL="4YVH9" authority="Conrad, 1857: 159" authorityName="Conrad" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1857" box="[234,555,1312,1336]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FF6EEA52FEC9FACB" box="[234,348,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pleurisepta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FEE7EA52FDBEFACB" author="Conrad, T. A." box="[355,555,1312,1336]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 174" refId="ref20265" refString="Conrad, T. A. 1857. Descriptions of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils. In W. H. Emory (editor), Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. United States 34 th Congress, 1 st Session, Senate Ex Document 108 and House Ex Document 135 1 (2): 141 - 174." type="journal article" year="1857">Conrad, 1857: 159</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 15, fig. 1.
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<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247FFFA4FFE8EA30FE5BFAA8" ID-CoL="BTGWW" authority="(Owen)" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[108,462,1346,1371]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lenticularis">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FFE8EA30FEE7FAA9" box="[108,370,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sphenodiscus lenticularis</emphasis>
(Owen)
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.
<treatmentCitation id="E80510C0247FFFA4FE5DEA30FD05FAA9" author="Kellum, L. B." box="[473,656,1346,1370]" page="68" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FE5DEA30FD05FAA9" author="Kellum, L. B." box="[473,656,1346,1370]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="37 - 70" refId="ref22189" refString="Kellum, L. B. 1962. Upper Cretaceous mollusca from Niobrara County, Wyoming. Michigan Academy of Science and Arts Letters 47: 37 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Kellum, 1962: 68</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 4, figs. 3, 4; pl. 5, fig. 1; pl. 6, figs. 1,
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.
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<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FFE8EA17FEE5FA8E" box="[108,368,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sphenodiscus pleurisepta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FEFBEA17FD82FA8F" author="Conrad, T. A." box="[383,535,1380,1405]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 174" refId="ref20265" refString="Conrad, T. A. 1857. Descriptions of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils. In W. H. Emory (editor), Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. United States 34 th Congress, 1 st Session, Senate Ex Document 108 and House Ex Document 135 1 (2): 141 - 174." type="journal article" year="1857">Conrad, 1857</bibRefCitation>
)
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. Cobban and Kennedy, 1993: 58, figs. 1, 3t.
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<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247FFFA4FFE8EAF5FD8AFA6C" ID-CoL="4YVH9" authority="(Conrad, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[108,543,1415,1439]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FFE8EAF5FEE5FA6C" box="[108,368,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sphenodiscus pleurisepta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FEFBEAF5FD82FA6C" author="Conrad, T. A." box="[383,535,1415,1439]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 174" refId="ref20265" refString="Conrad, T. A. 1857. Descriptions of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils. In W. H. Emory (editor), Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. United States 34 th Congress, 1 st Session, Senate Ex Document 108 and House Ex Document 135 1 (2): 141 - 174." type="journal article" year="1857">Conrad, 1857</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
<treatmentCitation id="E80510C0247FFFA4FDADEAF5FCEEFA6C" author="Cobban, W. A. &amp; Kennedy, W. J." box="[553,891,1415,1439]" page="12" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FDADEAF5FCEEFA6C" author="Cobban, W. A. &amp; Kennedy, W. J." box="[553,891,1415,1439]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref20154" refString="Cobban, W. A., and Kennedy, W. J. 1995. Maastrichtian ammonites chiefly from the Prairie Bluff Chalk in Alabama and Mississippi. Memoir, the Paleontological Society 44: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1995">Cobban and Kennedy, 1995: 12</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 8.5 (with full
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synonymy).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FFE8EAB9FEE5FA10" box="[108,368,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sphenodiscus pleurisepta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FEFBEAB9FD82FA10" author="Conrad, T. A." box="[383,535,1483,1507]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 174" refId="ref20265" refString="Conrad, T. A. 1857. Descriptions of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils. In W. H. Emory (editor), Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. United States 34 th Congress, 1 st Session, Senate Ex Document 108 and House Ex Document 135 1 (2): 141 - 174." type="journal article" year="1857">Conrad, 1857</bibRefCitation>
)
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. Kennedy et al., 1996: 11, figs. 4A, 512.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="691B36D1247FFFA4FFE8EA9FFC53F9F6" blockId="22.[108,1111,1312,1609]" box="[108,966,1517,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="49B411FF247FFFA4FFE8EA9FFC53F9F6" box="[108,966,1517,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247FFFA4FFE8EA9FFD8AF9F6" ID-CoL="4YVH9" authority="(Conrad, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[108,543,1517,1541]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FFE8EA9FFEE5F9F6" box="[108,368,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sphenodiscus pleurisepta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FEFBEA9FFD82F9F6" author="Conrad, T. A." box="[383,535,1517,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 174" refId="ref20265" refString="Conrad, T. A. 1857. Descriptions of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils. In W. H. Emory (editor), Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. United States 34 th Congress, 1 st Session, Senate Ex Document 108 and House Ex Document 135 1 (2): 141 - 174." type="journal article" year="1857">Conrad, 1857</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="E80510C0247FFFA4FDADEA9FFC8AF9F6" author="Kennedy, W. J. &amp; W. A. Cobban &amp; N. H. Landman" box="[553,799,1517,1541]" page="9" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FDADEA9FFC8AF9F6" author="Kennedy, W. J. &amp; W. A. Cobban &amp; N. H. Landman" box="[553,799,1517,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref22636" refString="Kennedy, W. J., W. A. Cobban, and N. H. Landman. 1997. Maastrichtian ammonites from the Severn Formation of Maryland. American Museum Novitates 3210: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1997">Kennedy et al., 1997: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 9J, 1114.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="691B36D1247FFFA4FFE8E97DFDE5F9D4" blockId="22.[108,1111,1312,1609]" box="[108,624,1551,1575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="49B411FF247FFFA4FFE8E97DFDE5F9D4" box="[108,624,1551,1575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247FFFA4FFE8E97DFEE5F9D4" ID-CoL="4YVH9" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1857" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[108,368,1551,1575]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FFE8E97DFEE5F9D4" box="[108,368,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sphenodiscus pleurisepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="E80510C0247FFFA4FEFAE962FDF9F9D4" author="Larson, N. L. &amp; S. D. Jorgensen &amp; R. A. Farrar &amp; P. L. Larson" box="[382,620,1551,1575]" page="91" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FEFAE962FDF9F9D4" author="Larson, N. L. &amp; S. D. Jorgensen &amp; R. A. Farrar &amp; P. L. Larson" box="[382,620,1551,1575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref24009" refString="Larson, N. L., S. D. Jorgensen, R. A. Farrar, and P. L. Larson. 1997. Ammonites and the other cephalopods of the Pierre Seaway. Tucson, AZ: Geoscience Press." type="book" year="1997">Larson et al., 1997: 91</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="691B36D1247FFFA4FFE8E943FB9FF9BA" blockId="22.[108,1111,1312,1609]" box="[108,1034,1585,1609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="49B411FF247FFFA4FFE8E943FB9FF9BA" box="[108,1034,1585,1609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247FFFA4FFE8E943FD8AF9BA" ID-CoL="4YVH9" authority="(Conrad, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[108,543,1585,1609]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247FFFA4FFE8E943FEE5F9BA" box="[108,368,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sphenodiscus pleurisepta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FEFBE943FD82F9BA" author="Conrad, T. A." box="[383,535,1585,1609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="141 - 174" refId="ref20265" refString="Conrad, T. A. 1857. Descriptions of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils. In W. H. Emory (editor), Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. United States 34 th Congress, 1 st Session, Senate Ex Document 108 and House Ex Document 135 1 (2): 141 - 174." type="journal article" year="1857">Conrad, 1857</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="E80510C0247FFFA4FDADE943FC11F9BA" author="Landman, N. H. &amp; W. A. Cobban" box="[553,900,1585,1609]" page="17" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FDADE943FC11F9BA" author="Landman, N. H. &amp; W. A. Cobban" box="[553,900,1585,1609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref23197" refString="Landman, N. H., and W. A. Cobban. 2003. Ammonites from the upper part of the Pierre Shale and Fox Hills Formation of Colorado. American Museum Novitates 3388: 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="2003">Landman and Cobban, 2003: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 1215.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21BE655A247FFFA5FF18E91AFED5FE62" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="691B36D1247FFFA4FF18E91AFE08F93E" blockId="22.[108,1212,1639,1741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
TYPE: The
<typeStatus id="B61F8873247FFFA4FE9FE915FE17F972" box="[283,386,1639,1665]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is USNM 9888, said to be from “Jacun,
<quantity id="AE5C9B34247FFFA4FCE1E91AFC2EF972" box="[869,955,1639,1666]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 miles</quantity>
below Laredo,” but is probably from Maverick County,
<collectingRegion id="AB60F833247FFFA4FE76E9FFFDA3F954" box="[498,566,1677,1703]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Texas</collectingRegion>
, in the Escondido Formation of the Rio Grande Region (
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FFF0E9C0FED3F93F" author="Stephenson, L. W." box="[116,326,1714,1740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 641" refId="ref25807" refString="Stephenson, L. W. 1941. The larger invertebrate fossils of the Navarro Group of Texas (exclusive of corals and crustaceans and exclusive of the fauna of the Escondido Formation). University of Texas Bulletin 4101: 1 - 641." type="journal article" year="1941">Stephenson, 1941</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247FFFA4FED7E9C0FE05F93E" author="Stephenson, L. W." box="[339,400,1714,1741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="97 - 140" refId="ref25852" refString="Stephenson, L. W. 1955. Owl Creek (Upper Cretaceous) fossils from Crowley's Ridge, southeastern Missouri. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 274: 97 - 140" type="journal article" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="691B36D1247EFFA5FF18EF90FED5FE62" blockId="23.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
MATERIAL: One nearly complete specimen when found, now fragmentary (
<collectionCode id="0FB5AE14247EFFA5FBDAEF93FB29FF08" box="[1118,1212,225,251]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">AMNH</collectionCode>
116378), from the Corsicana Formation
<quantity id="AE5C9B34247EFFA5FDC0EE74FD01FED2" box="[580,660,262,289]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1.25">1.25 m</quantity>
below the K-Pg boundary at
<collectionCode id="0FB5AE14247EFFA5FC6FEE75FBD3FED2" box="[1003,1094,263,289]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">AMNH</collectionCode>
loc. 3620, Darting Minnow Creek, Falls County,
<collectingRegion id="AB60F833247EFFA5FDBAEE5FFD17FEB4" box="[574,642,301,327]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Texas</collectingRegion>
, and one fragmentary specimen (
<collectionCode id="0FB5AE14247EFFA5FB9DEE5EFBF4FEB5" box="[1049,1121,300,326]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">UNM</collectionCode>
15489) from the basal unit (mudstone-clast-bearing conglomerate) of the K-Pg event deposit also at
<collectionCode id="0FB5AE14247EFFA5FFE8EE05FF52FE62" box="[108,199,375,401]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">AMNH</collectionCode>
loc. 3620.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21BE655A247EFFA5FF18EEEEFCB4FDD4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="691B36D1247EFFA5FF18EEEEFCB4FDD4" blockId="23.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
DESCRIPTION: AMNH 116378 is a specimen with the body chamber preserved, ~
<quantity id="AE5C9B34247EFFA5FBD0EEEEFB08FE44" box="[1108,1181,412,439]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
in diameter. The body chamber bears a hole
<quantity id="AE5C9B34247EFFA5FDDAEEB0FD52FE2F" box="[606,711,450,476]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="12.1">12.1 mm</quantity>
in diameter. UNM 15489 is a fragment of the umbilical portion of a body chamber. Both show the characteristic rows of nodes on the smooth flanks that distinguish this species from
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FD2FED7EFC8EFDD5" baseAuthorityName="Toumey" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[683,795,524,550]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lobatus">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FD2FED7EFC8EFDD5" box="[683,795,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. lobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21BE655A247EFFA5FF18ED40FCE8F921" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="691B36D1247EFFA5FF18ED40FBECFD82" blockId="23.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
REMARKS: Like
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FED3ED43FDA9FDB8" box="[343,572,561,587]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Spenodiscus
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FE6DED43FDA9FDB8" baseAuthorityName="Toumey" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[489,572,561,587]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lobatus">lobatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FDCEED40FD70FDB8" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1857" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[586,741,561,588]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FDCEED40FDCDFDBF" box="[586,600,562,588]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FDE3ED43FD70FDB8" box="[615,741,561,587]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">pleurisepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rare at Brazos, although the presence of a complete specimen suggests that it may not have experienced postmortem floating.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="691B36D1247EFFA5FF18ED0EFB85FB35" blockId="23.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
OCCURRENCE: The two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FDDEED0EFCECFD65" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1857" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[602,889,636,662]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FDDEED0EFCECFD65" box="[602,889,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sphenodiscus pleurisepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
come from the top
<quantity id="AE5C9B34247EFFA5FBEEED0EFB29FD64" box="[1130,1212,636,663]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1.25">1.25 m</quantity>
of the Corsicana Formation and basal ~
<quantity id="AE5C9B34247EFFA5FDC6EDD0FD18FD4F" box="[578,653,674,700]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
of the Kincaid Formation, Falls County, Texas. This species has also been reported from the Corsicana Formation in Navarro County, Texas (
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FFF0ED9EFE41FCF5" author="Kennedy, W. J. &amp; W. A. Cobban" box="[116,468,748,774]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="57 - 67" refId="ref22315" refString="Kennedy, W. J., and W. A. Cobban. 1993 a. Maastrichtian ammonites from the Corsicana Formation in northeast Texas. Geological Magazine 130: 57 - 67." type="journal article" year="1993">Kennedy and Cobban, 1993a</bibRefCitation>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FDCCED9EFC8FFCF5" author="Stephenson, L. W." box="[584,794,748,774]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 641" refId="ref25807" refString="Stephenson, L. W. 1941. The larger invertebrate fossils of the Navarro Group of Texas (exclusive of corals and crustaceans and exclusive of the fauna of the Escondido Formation). University of Texas Bulletin 4101: 1 - 641." type="journal article" year="1941">Stephenson, 1941</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FCADED9EFCF3FCF4" author="Stephenson, L. W." box="[809,870,748,775]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="97 - 140" refId="ref25852" refString="Stephenson, L. W. 1955. Owl Creek (Upper Cretaceous) fossils from Crowley's Ridge, southeastern Missouri. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 274: 97 - 140" type="journal article" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
). It occurs in the Escondido Formation in Texas (
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FEEFEC60FE64FCDF" author="Bose, E." box="[363,497,786,812]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="143 - 312" refId="ref19882" refString="Bose, E. 1928. Cretaceous ammonites from Texas and northern Mexico. Bulletin of the University of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology and Technology, Austin 2748, 143 - 312." type="journal article" year="1928">Böse, 1928</bibRefCitation>
) and northern
<collectingCountry id="11B37641247EFFA5FD34EC63FC9FFCD8" box="[688,778,785,811]" name="Mexico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. It also occurs in the Maastrichtian Cerro del Pueblo Formation of the Difunta Group at Rincón Colorado,
<collectingRegion id="AB60F833247EFFA5FC3FEC45FBB3FCA2" box="[955,1062,823,849]" country="Mexico" name="Coahuila de Zaragoza" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Coahuila</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FBB2EC45FF32FC85" author="Ifrim, C. &amp; W. Stinnesbeck &amp; J. G. Lopez-Oliva" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1575 - 1627" refId="ref21663" refString="Ifrim, C., W. Stinnesbeck, and J. G. Lopez-Oliva. 2004. Maastrichtian cephalopods from Cerralvo, northeastern Mexico. Palaeontology 47: 1575 - 1627." type="journal article" year="2004">Ifrim et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FF37EC2EFEEBFC84" author="Ifrim, C. &amp; W. Stinnesbeck &amp; A. Schafhauser" box="[179,382,860,887]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref21696" refString="Ifrim, C., W. Stinnesbeck, and A. Schafhauser. 2005. Maastrichtian shallow-water ammonites of northeastern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas 22: 48 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">Ifrim et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
). On the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain, it occurs in the upper part of the Owl Creek Formation in Missouri, Mississippi, and Tennessee and in the Prairie Bluff Chalk in Alabama and Mississippi (
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FE4FECD5FC8AFC31" author="Cobban, W. A. &amp; Kennedy, W. J." box="[459,799,935,962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref20154" refString="Cobban, W. A., and Kennedy, W. J. 1995. Maastrichtian ammonites chiefly from the Prairie Bluff Chalk in Alabama and Mississippi. Memoir, the Paleontological Society 44: 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1995">Cobban and Kennedy, 1995</bibRefCitation>
). On the Atlantic Coastal Plain, it occurs in the top of the New
<collectingCountry id="11B37641247EFFA5FE53ECBFFD89FC14" box="[471,540,973,999]" name="Egypt" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Egypt</collectingCountry>
Formation and as reworked material at the base of the Hornerstown Formation in Monmouth County, New Jersey (
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FCBCEC83FC5BFBFF" author="Weller, S." box="[824,974,1009,1036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 870" refId="ref26442" refString="Weller, S. 1907. A report on the Cretaceous paleontology of New Jersey. Geological Survey of New Jersey. Paleontology Series 4: 1 - 870." type="book chapter" year="1907">Weller, 1907</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FC5EEC83FBE8FBF8" author="Reeside, J. B., Jr." box="[986,1149,1009,1035]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="113 - 137" refId="ref25053" refString="Reeside, J. B., Jr. 1962. Cretaceous ammonites of New Jersey. In H. G. Richards (editor), The Cretaceous fossils of New Jersey. New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development Bulletin 61, Part 2: 113 - 137." type="book chapter" year="1962">Reeside, 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FB0CEC83FF6BFBC2" author="Gallagher, W. B." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="75 - 155" refId="ref20835" refString="Gallagher, W. B. 1993. The Cretaceous / Tertiary mass extinction event in the northern Atlantic coastal plain. Mosasaur 5: 75 - 155." type="journal article" year="1993">Gallagher, 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FE88EB65FD82FBC2" author="Landman, N. H. &amp; R. O. Johnson &amp; L. E. Edwards" box="[268,535,1047,1073]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref23336" refString="Landman, N. H., R. O. Johnson, and L. E. Edwards. 2004 a. Cephalopods from the Cretaceous / Tertiary boundary interval on the Atlantic coastal plain, with a description of the highest ammonite zones in North America. Part 1, Maryland and North Carolina. American Museum Novitates 3454: 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2004">Landman et al., 2004a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FDA2EB65FDFAFBC1" author="Landman, N. H. &amp; R. O. Johnson &amp; L. E. Edwards" box="[550,623,1047,1074]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref23402" refString="Landman, N. H., R. O. Johnson, and L. E. Edwards. 2004 b. Cephalopods from the Cretaceous / Tertiary boundary interval on the Atlantic coastal plain, with a description of the highest ammonite zones in North America. Part 2, Northeastern Monmouth County, New Jersey. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 287: 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="2004">2004b</bibRefCitation>
) and in the Severn Formation in Prince Georges and Kent Counties, Maryland (
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FE6FEB4EFD78FBA5" author="Kennedy, W. J. &amp; W. A. Cobban &amp; N. H. Landman" box="[491,749,1084,1111]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref22636" refString="Kennedy, W. J., W. A. Cobban, and N. H. Landman. 1997. Maastrichtian ammonites from the Severn Formation of Maryland. American Museum Novitates 3210: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1997">Kennedy et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
). In the Western Interior, this species occurs in the
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FE91EB13FD18FB8F" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[277,653,1121,1148]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Scaphitidae" genus="Hoploscaphites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="birklundae">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FE91EB13FDD3FB88" box="[277,582,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hoploscaphites birklundae</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
of the Pierre Shale in Meade and Pennington counties, South Dakota (Kennedy et al., 1996) and in the upper part of the Pierre Shale and Fox Hills Formation in Weld County, Colorado (
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FD28EBDEFB91FB35" author="Landman, N. H. &amp; W. A. Cobban" box="[684,1028,1196,1222]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref23197" refString="Landman, N. H., and W. A. Cobban. 2003. Ammonites from the upper part of the Pierre Shale and Fox Hills Formation of Colorado. American Museum Novitates 3388: 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="2003">Landman and Cobban, 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="691B36D1247EFFA5FF18EBA3FCE8F921" blockId="23.[108,1213,225,1746]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Despite possible postmortem drift of
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FDD7EBA3FCD3FB18" baseAuthorityName="Toumey" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[595,838,1233,1259]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lobatus">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FDD7EBA3FCD3FB18" box="[595,838,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Sphenodiscus lobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens, these new data suggest that both species of sphenodiscid cooccur in the Corsicana Formation of the Brazos River area immediately below the K-Pg boundary. Poorly preserved examples of both
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FB9DEA6FFB1CFAC5" baseAuthorityName="Toumey" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1049,1161,1308,1335]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lobatus">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FB9DEA6FFB1CFAC5" box="[1049,1161,1308,1335]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. lobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FFE8EA30FE93FAAF" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1857" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[108,262,1346,1372]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FFE8EA30FE93FAAF" box="[108,262,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. pleurisepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also found in the basal unit of the K-Pg event deposit itself. As noted above, this is different from the Maastrichtian deposits of the
<collectingCountry id="11B37641247EFFA5FD62EA15FC80FA72" box="[742,789,1383,1409]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">U.S.</collectingCountry>
Western Interior, with
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FBA0EA15FB29FA72" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1857" baseAuthorityName="Conrad" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1060,1212,1383,1409]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pleurisepta">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FBA0EA15FB29FA72" box="[1060,1212,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. pleurisepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present in the
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FE99EAFEFD03FA54" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[285,662,1420,1447]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Scaphitidae" genus="Hoploscaphites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="birklundae">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FE99EAFEFDD8FA55" box="[285,589,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hoploscaphites birklundae</emphasis>
Zone
</taxonomicName>
, being replaced by
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FC06EAFFFC61FA55" baseAuthorityName="Toumey" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[898,1012,1420,1447]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Sphenodiscidae" genus="Sphenodiscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lobatus">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FC06EAFFFC61FA55" box="[898,1012,1420,1447]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. lobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the overlying
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FFE8EAC0FE7EFA3F" authority="Zone. A" authorityName="Zone. A" box="[108,491,1458,1484]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Scaphitidae" genus="Hoploscaphites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nicolletii">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FFE8EAC0FE14FA3F" box="[108,385,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Hoploscaphites nicolletii</emphasis>
Zone. A
</taxonomicName>
similar situation was noted by
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FCE0EAC0FBA9FA3F" author="Ifrim, C. &amp; W. Stinnesbeck &amp; A. Schafhauser" box="[868,1084,1457,1484]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="48 - 64" refId="ref21696" refString="Ifrim, C., W. Stinnesbeck, and A. Schafhauser. 2005. Maastrichtian shallow-water ammonites of northeastern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas 22: 48 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">Ifrim et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FBFBEAC0FEEAFA02" author="Ifrim, C. &amp; W. Stinnesbeck" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="96 - 102" refId="ref21624" refString="Ifrim, C., and W. Stinnesbeck. 2010. Migration pathways of the late Campanian and Maastrichtian shallow facies ammonite Sphenodiscus in North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 292: 96 - 102." type="journal article" year="2010">Ifrim and Stinnesbeck (2010)</bibRefCitation>
in their studies of Maastrichtian ammonite faunas from
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. These authors suggested that the two sphenodiscid species may have inhabited slightly different environments, explaining why they are rarely found together in the same outcrop or bed. In the
<collectingCountry id="11B37641247EFFA5FFE8E935FF0EF992" box="[108,155,1607,1633]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">U.S.</collectingCountry>
Gulf Coastal Plain, both species range to the top of the Maastrichtian (
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FC7AE935FF3CF974" author="Landman, N. H. &amp; S. Goolaerts &amp; J. W. M. Jagt &amp; E. A. Jagt-Yazykova &amp; M. Machalski" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="497 - 553" refId="ref23799" refString="Landman, N. H., S. Goolaerts, J. W. M. Jagt, E. A. Jagt-Yazykova, and M. Machalski. 2015. Ammonites on the brink of extinction: diversity, abundance, and ecology of the order Ammonoidea at the Cretaceous / Paleogene (K / Pg) Boundary. In C. Klug, D. Korn, K. De Baets, I. Kruta, and R. H. Mapes (editors), Ammonoid paleobiology: from macroevolution to paleogeography: 497 - 553. Dordrecht: Springer." type="book chapter" year="2015">Landman et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
), and appear to cooccur at three localities in the
<taxonomicName id="AEA44D52247EFFA5FD77E91EFBC8F974" authority="Range Zone" authorityName="Range Zone" box="[755,1117,1644,1671]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Scaphitidae" genus="Discoscaphites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ammonitida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="iris">
<emphasis id="5BD0EAC3247EFFA5FD77E91EFC53F975" box="[755,966,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Discoscaphites iris</emphasis>
Range Zone
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 6): in the Owl Creek Formation in
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(AMNH loc. 3460) and
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(AMNH loc. 3458) (
<bibRefCitation id="0D354B20247EFFA5FF3AE9C5FE02F921" author="Larina, E." box="[190,407,1719,1746]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="128 - 151" refId="ref23974" refString="Larina, E., et al. 2016. Upper Maastrichtian ammonite biostratigraphy of the Gulf Coastal Plain (Mississippi Embayment, southern USA). Cretaceous Research 60: 128 - 151." type="journal article" year="2016">Larina et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and the Corsicana Formation at Brazos.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>