381 lines
34 KiB
XML
381 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f7dfb237-bac6-4b4f-a6cc-595bfaab76b9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223547" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-85" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1AA06BAF62AD5064839E99F7B0A713A9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252231" ID-ZooBank="6A252079088045A2A9203C0DFEAC79C5" ModsDocID="1860-1324-66-1-85" checkinTime="1621372393479" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko & Macek, Jan" docDate="2019" docId="D2FF8454B010418E513DD9193C2DAD11" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 66(1): 85-105" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1)" docPubDate="2019-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309" docTitle="Empria parvula *" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="1AA06BAF62AD5064839E99F7B0A713A9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="1AA06BAF62AD5064839E99F7B0A713A9" masterDocTitle="On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="85" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1632097643598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On Bulgarian sawflies, including a new species of Empria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">andrew.liston@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prous, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-7608</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany & Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Macek, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusova 1740, 193 00 Praha - Horni Pocernice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>66</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>85</mods:start>
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<mods:end>105</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34309</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-85</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6A252079088045A2A9203C0DFEAC79C5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1AA06BAF62AD5064839E99F7B0A713A9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3252231</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223547" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2FF8454B010418E513DD9193C2DAD11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D2FF8454B010418E513DD9193C2DAD11" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Konow, 1892) *" authorityName="*" authorityYear="1828" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">Empria parvula (Konow, 1892) *</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="90" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Konow" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Poecilosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilosoma parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">Poecilosoma parvula</taxonomicName>
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Konow, 1892: 215. Lectotype ♂ GBIF-GISHym3784 (SDEI), here designated. Type locality:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fürstenberg">Fuerstenberg</normalizedToken>
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in Mecklenburg, Germany, Brandenburg.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="Dovnar-Zapolskij" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria pseudoklugi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoklugi">Empria pseudoklugi</taxonomicName>
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[
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">pseudo-klugi</emphasis>
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sic!] Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1929: 39. Lectotype ♀ ZIN_Empria_8 (ZIN), here designated. Type locality: Sarepta, Volgograd Oblast, Russia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="90">Bulgarian material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-04-06" elevation="100" latitude="42.982" location="Tsonevo" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="27.451" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Varna">
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<collectingRegion country="Bulgaria" name="Varna">Varna</collectingRegion>
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:
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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(DEI-GISHym88775),
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2FF8454B010418E513DD9193C2DAD11:6BB77264178E5541D032AB80E91880A5" latitude="42.982" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="27.451" name="Tsonevo" stateProvince="Varna">Tsonevo</location>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
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S,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="42.982" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="42.982">42.982N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27.451" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="27.451">27.451E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2018-04-06">06.04.2018</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-04-08" elevation="100" latitude="42.982" location="Tsonevo" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="27.451" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Varna">
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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, locality as previous,
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<collectingDate value="2018-04-08">08.04.2018</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-04-08" elevation="120" latitude="42.976" location="Staro Oryahovo" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="27.787" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Varna">
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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(DEI-GISHym88802),
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2FF8454B010418E513DD9193C2DAD11:99F9FAAB320B6FA2248B80617838F53C" latitude="42.976" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="27.787" name="Staro Oryahovo" stateProvince="Varna">Staro Oryahovo</location>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
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SW,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="42.976" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="42.976">42.976N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27.787" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="27.787">27.787E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2018-04-08">08.04.2018</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-04-09" elevation="120" latitude="42.976" location="Staro Oryahovo" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="27.787" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Varna">
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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, locality as previous,
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<collectingDate value="2018-04-09">09.04.2018</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-04-13" elevation="40" latitude="43.001" location="Goren Chiflik" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="27.621" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Varna">
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D2FF8454B010418E513DD9193C2DAD11:E655C7F1DC9A639FFD916E47C7E9252A" latitude="43.001" longLatPrecision="68" longitude="27.621" name="Goren Chiflik" stateProvince="Varna">Goren Chiflik</location>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
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SW,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="40.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="43.001" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="43.001">43.001N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27.621" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="27.621">27.621E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2018-04-13">13.04.2018</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="*" authorityYear="1828" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">Empria parvula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has an extensive distribution in Europe (
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<bibRefCitation author="Taeger, A" editor="Blank, SM" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Keltern" pageId="19" pageNumber="104" pagination="399 - 504" refId="B61" refString="Taeger, A, Blank, SM, Liston, AD, 2006. European sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) - a species checklist for the countries. In: Blank, SM, Schmidt, S, Taeger, A, Eds., Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke & Evers, Keltern: 399 - 504" title="European sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) - a species checklist for the countries." volumeTitle="Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects." year="2006">Taeger et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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) and the Palaearctic (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sundukov, YN" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Bulgarica" pageId="19" pageNumber="104" refId="B59" refString="Sundukov, YN, 2017. Suborder Symphyta - sawflies and wood wasps. In: BelokobylskijSALelejAS (Eds) Annotated Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Volume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita: Aculeata. Trudy Zoologiceskogo Instituta Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, Supplement No.6: 20-117." title="Suborder Symphyta - sawflies and wood wasps. In: BelokobylskijSALelejAS (Eds) Annotated Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Volume 1. Symphyta and Apocrita: Aculeata. Trudy Zoologiceskogo Instituta Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk, Supplement No. 6: 20 - 117." year="2017">Sundukov 2017</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Taeger, A" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Keltern" pageId="19" pageNumber="104" publicationUrl="https://sdei.de/ecatsym/" refId="B62" refString="Taeger, A, Liston, AD, Prous, M, Groll, EK, Gehroldt, T, Blank, SM, 2018. ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Program version 5.0 (19 Dec. 2018), data version 40 (23 Sep 2018). https://sdei.de/ecatsym/" title="ECatSym - Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Program version 5.0 (19 Dec. 2018), data version 40 (23 Sep 2018)." url="https://sdei.de/ecatsym/" year="2018">Taeger et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). According to morphological characters and genetic data, the species is very closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. pravei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The only clear difference between them is the colouration of the legs in the adults. Legs in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are usually mostly black with small pale areas, but occasionally the hind tibia can be basally 2/3 whitish or yellowish. Nevertheless, the metafemur appears to be always completely or nearly completely black in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–35" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 30 - 35. Empria species. 30 Empria sexpunctata DEI-GISHym 88916, body dorsal; 31 head dorsal. 32 E. parvula DEI-GISHym 88913, ventrolateral 33 E. pravei DEI-GISHym 88735, ventrolateral. 34 E. parvula larva TUZ 615249 (Estonia) 35 E. pravei larva, reared ex ovo from DEI-GISHym 84166 (Bulgaria)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures30-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310316" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">32</figureCitation>
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). In
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. pravei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, femora are apically and tibiae basally extensively yellowish (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–35" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 30 - 35. Empria species. 30 Empria sexpunctata DEI-GISHym 88916, body dorsal; 31 head dorsal. 32 E. parvula DEI-GISHym 88913, ventrolateral 33 E. pravei DEI-GISHym 88735, ventrolateral. 34 E. parvula larva TUZ 615249 (Estonia) 35 E. pravei larva, reared ex ovo from DEI-GISHym 84166 (Bulgaria)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures30-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310316" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">33</figureCitation>
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). There could be differences also in penis valves, but because of the variation within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the differences are not always clear (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Penis valves of Empria. 24 Empria parvula TUZ 615399 (Estonia) 25 E. parvula DEI-GISHym 88775 (Bulgaria) 26 E. pravei DEI-GISHym 88735 (Bulgaria) 27 E. pravei DEI-GISHym 88758 (Bulgaria) 28 E. sexpunctata DEI-GISHym 88818 (Bulgaria) 29 E. aridicola paratype DEI-GISHym 80304 (Greece)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures24-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310315" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">24-27</figureCitation>
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). The valviceps seems to usually expand basally less in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. pravei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 24–29" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 24 - 29. Penis valves of Empria. 24 Empria parvula TUZ 615399 (Estonia) 25 E. parvula DEI-GISHym 88775 (Bulgaria) 26 E. pravei DEI-GISHym 88735 (Bulgaria) 27 E. pravei DEI-GISHym 88758 (Bulgaria) 28 E. sexpunctata DEI-GISHym 88818 (Bulgaria) 29 E. aridicola paratype DEI-GISHym 80304 (Greece)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures24-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310315" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">24-27</figureCitation>
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). Host plants and at least colouration of larvae are not different between
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. pravei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–35" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 30 - 35. Empria species. 30 Empria sexpunctata DEI-GISHym 88916, body dorsal; 31 head dorsal. 32 E. parvula DEI-GISHym 88913, ventrolateral 33 E. pravei DEI-GISHym 88735, ventrolateral. 34 E. parvula larva TUZ 615249 (Estonia) 35 E. pravei larva, reared ex ovo from DEI-GISHym 84166 (Bulgaria)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures30-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310316" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">34</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–35" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 30 - 35. Empria species. 30 Empria sexpunctata DEI-GISHym 88916, body dorsal; 31 head dorsal. 32 E. parvula DEI-GISHym 88913, ventrolateral 33 E. pravei DEI-GISHym 88735, ventrolateral. 34 E. parvula larva TUZ 615249 (Estonia) 35 E. pravei larva, reared ex ovo from DEI-GISHym 84166 (Bulgaria)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures30-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310316" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on the sequence data of three genes that we currently have,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not form a monophyletic group, particularly because an
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen sampled from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
is closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. pravei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens (from
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Estonia">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Russian Far East) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 16. Maximum likelihood tree of Empria based on three genes. Best-fit model chosen according to Bayesian information criterion was GTR + R 3. Numbers beside nodes show SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%) values. Support values for weakly supported branches (<90) are not shown. Letters " f " and " m " stand for " female " and " male ". Numbers at the end of the tip labels refer to the length of the sequence and the number of ambiguous positions (e. g. polymorphisms). Empria candidata and E. multicolor were used to root the tree. The scale bar shows the number of estimated substitutions per nucleotide position." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310312" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 36. Maximum likelihood tree of Empria parvula and E. pravei specimens based on mitochondrial COI. Best-fit model chosen according to Bayesian information criterion was HKY + I. Numbers above branches show SH-aLRT support (%) / ultrafast bootstrap support (%) values. Support values for weakly supported branches (<90) are not shown. Letters " f " and " m " stand for " female " and " male ". Numbers at the end of the tip labels refer to the length of the sequence. The scale bar shows the number of estimated substitutions per nucleotide position." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310317" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ignoring morphological evidence, our genetic data could be interpreted as indicating either that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. pravei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of more than one species. Because in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
we found
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. pravei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same places at the same time and never observed overlap with regard to leg colouration, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. pravei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a distinct species. Although the existence of more than one species under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be excluded, the data is also consistent with a single species exhibiting large genetic variation, perhaps connected with the significantly larger population size in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(distributed throughout the Palaearctic) compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="90">E. pravei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(possibly restricted to areas not far from the Black Sea and
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="91" start="start">south</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of the Caspian Sea). In other words, non-monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be because of incomplete lineage sorting (maintaining of ancestral polymorphisms) due to large population size (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.01.009" author="Degnan, JH" journalOrPublisher="Trends in Ecology & Evolution" pageId="17" pageNumber="102" pagination="332 - 340" refId="B11" refString="Degnan, JH, Rosenberg, NA, 2009. Gene tree discordance, phylogenetic inference and the multispecies coalescent. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24: 332 - 340, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.01.009" title="Gene tree discordance, phylogenetic inference and the multispecies coalescent." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.01.009" volume="24" year="2009">Degnan and Rosenberg 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). More specimens and genes of both species should be sequenced or mating experiments done to decide more reliably about species boundaries in this case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252281" doi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures24-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310315" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" start="Figures 24–29" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Figures 24-29.</emphasis>
|
||
Penis valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Empria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">24</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="*" authorityYear="1828" baseAuthorityName="Konow" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Empria parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
TUZ615399 (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Estonia">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">25</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DEI-GISHym88775 (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">26</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. pravei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DEI-GISHym88735 (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">27</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. pravei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DEI-GISHym88758 (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">28</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. sexpunctata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexpunctata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. sexpunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DEI-GISHym88818 (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">29</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. aridicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aridicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. aridicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
DEI-GISHym80304 (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252283" doi="10.3897/dez.66.34309.figures30-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310316" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" start="Figures 30–35" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Figures 30-35.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Empria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">30</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" baseAuthorityName="Audinet-Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria sexpunctata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexpunctata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Empria sexpunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DEI-GISHym88916, body dorsal;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">31</emphasis>
|
||
head dorsal.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">32</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DEI-GISHym88913, ventrolateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">33</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. pravei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DEI-GISHym88735, ventrolateral.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">34</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. parvula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. parvula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva TUZ615249 (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Estonia">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">35</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="E." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. pravei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pravei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">E. pravei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva, reared
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">ex ovo</emphasis>
|
||
from DEI-GISHym84166 (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |