288 lines
37 KiB
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288 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.188.2976" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92260542-ac3b-49de-bfe2-3d042357372e" ID-PMC="PMC3345898" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-188-1" ID-PubMed="22611332" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-188-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 188" ModsDocTitle="Review of the Eustrophinae (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae) of America north of Mexico" checkinTime="1451249074049" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pollock, Darren A." docDate="2012" docId="D26F8592130557DF0B1A4AC46F8C0021" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 188: 1-153" docOrigin="ZooKeys 188" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.188.2976" docTitle="Eustrophopsis bicolor Fabricius 1792" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="F26BFFACB84EC224FF90FFB4FC46274C" masterDocTitle="Review of the Eustrophinae (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae) of America north of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="153" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668153814780" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the Eustrophinae (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae) of America north of Mexico</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Pollock, Darren A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>188</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.188.2976</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.188.2976</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-188-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035360" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D26F8592130557DF0B1A4AC46F8C0021" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D26F8592130557DF0B1A4AC46F8C0021" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Eustrophopsis_bicolor" authority="Fabricius, 1792" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor (Fabricius, 1792)</taxonomicName>
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Figures 6193143576369
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophagidae" genus="Mycetophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycetophagus bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Mycetophagus bicolor</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Fabricius, JC" journalOrPublisher="Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Proft, Hafniae" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" title="Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta." url="10.5962/bhl.title.36532" year="1792">Fabricius 1792</bibRefCitation>
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: 497.-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fabricius 1801</bibRefCitation>
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: 566;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Olivier 1811</bibRefCitation>
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: 70.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophus bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophus bicolor</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Melsheimer 1853</bibRefCitation>
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: 143;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Crotch 1873</bibRefCitation>
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: 112;
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<bibRefCitation author="LeConte, JL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="321 - 336" title="Synonymical remarks upon North American Coleoptera." volume="3" year="1873">LeConte 1873</bibRefCitation>
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: 335;
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<bibRefCitation author="Provancher, L" journalOrPublisher="Volume I - les Coleopteres. Darveau, Quebec City" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" title="Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada, precedee d'un traite elementaire d'entomologie." year="1877">Provancher 1877</bibRefCitation>
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: 467;
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<bibRefCitation author="Schwarz, EA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="353 - 472" title="The Coleoptera of Florida." volume="17" year="1878">Schwarz 1878</bibRefCitation>
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: 463;
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<bibRefCitation author="Henshaw, S" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" title="List of the Coleoptera of America, north of Mexico. Entomological Society of America, Philadelphia." url="10.5962/bhl.title.13151" year="1885">Henshaw 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: 124;
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<bibRefCitation author="Horn, GH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="26 - 48" title="Miscellaneous coleopterous studies." volume="15" year="1888">Horn 1888</bibRefCitation>
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: 35;
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<bibRefCitation author="Weiss, HB" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="132 - 133" title="Notes on Eustrophus bicolor Fabr., bred from fungi (Coleoptera)." volume="26" year="1919">Weiss 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 133;
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<bibRefCitation author="Weiss, HB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 20" title="Fungous insects and their hosts." volume="33" year="1920">Weiss and West 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 10;
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<bibRefCitation author="Weiss, HB" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="45 - 47" title="A bibliography on fungous insects and their hosts." volume="32" year="1922">Weiss 1922</bibRefCitation>
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: 47;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Csiki 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophinus bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophinus bicolor</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Leng, CW" journalOrPublisher="John D. Sherman, Jr., Mt. Vernon" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" title="Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, north of Mexico." year="1920">Leng 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 238;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Poole and Gentili 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 299;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">LeSage 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 246;
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<bibRefCitation author="Viedma, MG de" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="729 - 733" title="Redescripcion de la larva de Eustrophinus bicolor y consideraciones acerca de la position sistematica del genero Eustrophinus (Col. Melandryidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S." volume="7" year="1971">Viedma 1971</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Pollock, DA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="261 - 290" title="Review of the Canadian Eustrophinae (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.2.30" volume="2" year="2008">Pollock 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 277, 290;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lawrence and Leschen 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 515, fig. 11.5.2.D.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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This common species may be separated from the other Nearctic
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eustrophinae">Eustrophinae</taxonomicName>
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based on the following combination of characters: antennomeres distinctly contrasting: 1-4 rufous, 5-10 dark piceous to black, 11 yellow-orange; pronotal punctation very fine, punctures not larger than diameter of setae; males with oval, setiferous pit on ventral edge of profemur; meso- and metatibiae with numerous, oblique ridges.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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(from
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<bibRefCitation author="Pollock, DA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="261 - 290" title="Review of the Canadian Eustrophinae (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.2.30" volume="2" year="2008">Pollock 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 277). TL 4.2-6.5 mm; GEW 2.0-3.2 mm. Body elongate oval, moderately tapered posteriorly (Fig. 6), distinctly convex dorsally (Fig. 19); dorsal color dark piceous to black; antennae tricolored: antennomeres 1-4 red, 5-10 piceous, antennomere 11 yellow-red, distinctly contrasting against preceding darker antennomeres; maxillary palpi similar in color to basal antennomeres; venter a combination of dark (same as dorsum) and lighter colored sclerites (abdominal ventrites in most specimens contrasting darker color of thorax); dorsal pubescence relatively long, conspicuous; eyes narrowly separated (Fig. 31), or almost contiguous (space <length of antennomere 1), medial margin moderately emarginate; antennomeres 2-4 short, submoniliform, antennomeres 5-10 widened, becoming more triangular toward antennomeres 9-10; antennal sensilla completely annular; last maxillary palpomere not modified; prosternal process (Fig. 43) triangular, narrowed distally, extended to slightly short of posterior margin of procoxae; prothoracic episternal suture present; elytral punctation coarse, punctures arranged in longitudinal striae; meso- and metatibiae with oblique ridges present; male with small, ovate setiferous pit on ventral edge of profemur; aedeagus (Figures 57, 63) with basal and apical piece of tegmen subequal in length; struts on median lobe elongate, narrow, inner margins V-shaped; sternite 9 basally Y-shaped, with short stem.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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(Fig. 69).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
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is the most commonly collected and/or geographically widespread species in the subfamily. It exhibits an eastern distribu
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">tion</pageBreakToken>
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in Canada, with no records west of Winnipeg, Manitoba. In the United States, most records are eastern; however, scattered localities are known from several western states. This species is the only otherwise Nearctic eustrophine recorded from the West Indies. The 2,799 examined specimens are from the following jurisdictions: BAHAMAS. CANADA: MANITOBA, ONTARIO, QUEBEC. UNITED STATES: ALABAMA: Colbert, Greene, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Mobile, Tuscaloosa. ARIZONA. Santa Cruz. ARKANSAS: Faulkner, Fulton, Garland, Hempstead, Johnson, Polk, Pulaski, Washington. CALIFORNIA: Trinity. COLORADO: Larimer. CONNECTICUT: Fairfield, Litchfield, New Haven, Tolland. DELAWARE: New Castle, Sussex. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. FLORIDA: Alachua, Baker, Brevard, Calhoun, Dade, Duval, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Jackson, Liberty, Monroe, Okeechobee, Orange, Osceola, Pinellas, Polk, Seminole, St. Lucie, Volusia, Wakulla. GEORGIA: Baker, Bartow, Calhoun, Camden, Clarke, Dekalb, Dougherty, Floyd, Fulton, Greene, Gwinnett, Lowndes, McIntosh, Meriwether, Muscogee, Paulding, Rabun, Thomas. IDAHO: Jerome, Twin Falls. ILLINOIS: Adams, Alexander, Calhoun, Champaign, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Coles, Cook, DuPage, Edgar, Effingham, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jersey, Johnson, Kendall, lake, LaSalle, Lawrence, Macon, Marion, Mason, McHenry, McLean, Peoria, Pike, Platt, Pope, Putnam, Richland, Sangamon, Stephenson, Vermilion, Wabash, Washington, White, Whiteside, Will, Winnebago. INDIANA: Bartholomew, Crawford, Howard, Lake, Laporte, Monroe, Parke, Perry, Porter, Posey, Tippecanoe, Vigo, Wayne. IOWA: Benton, Henry, Keokuk, Johnson, Linn, Osceola, Story. KANSAS: Atchison, Douglas, Labette, Lyon, Miami, Riley, Sedgwick, Shawnee, Trego, Wilson, Wyandotte. KENTUCKY: Butler, Christian, Green, Henderson, Taylor. LOUISIANA: Bossier, Caddo, Claiborne, Concordia, East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, Jefferson, Livingstone, Madison, Natchitoches, Orleans, Webster, West Feliciana. MARYLAND: Allegany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Calvert, Caroline, Cecil, Charles, Dorchester, Frederick, Montgomery, Prince
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<normalizedToken originalValue="George’s">George's</normalizedToken>
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, Queen
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Anne’s">Anne's</normalizedToken>
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, St.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mary’s">Mary's</normalizedToken>
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, Talbot, Wicomico, Worcester. MASSACHUSETTS: Bristol, Dukes, Essex, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Worcester. MICHIGAN: Allegan, Berrien, Branch, Charlevoix, Clare, Clinton, Eaton, Ingham, Isabella, Kalamazoo, Kent, Lake, Lenawee, Livingston, Marquette, Midland, Monroe, Oakland, Ottawa, Saginaw, Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, Washtenaw, Wayne. MINNESOTA: Crow Wing, Hennepin, Washington. MISSISSIPPI: Bolivar, George, Issaquena, Jackson, Lafayette, Montgomery, Perry, Prentiss, Tallahatchie, Tishomingo. MISSOURI: Boone, Butler, Clay, Franklin, Greene, Jackson, Morgan, Randolph, Reynolds, St. Charles, St. Louis, Vernon. MONTANA: Richland, Rosebud, Valley. NEBRASKA: Cass, Colfax, Cuming, Douglas, Fillmore, Hall, Keith, Lancaster, Merrick, Nemaha, Sarpy, Saunders, Sheridan, Sioux, Thomas. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Rockingham, Strafford. NEW JERSEY: Bergen, Burlington, Cape May, Essex, Gloucester, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Salem, Union. NEW MEXICO: Roosevelt. NEW YORK: Bronx, Columbia, Erie, Nassau, Niagara, Onondaga, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, St. Lawrence, Schuyler, Suffolk, Tompkins, Westchester, Wyoming. NORTH CAROLINA: Bladen, Buncombe, Carteret, Columbus, Durham, Haywood, Henderson,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Johnston</pageBreakToken>
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, Macon, Moore, Robeson, Wake. NORTH DAKOTA: Burleigh, Cass, Ransom, Richland. OHIO: Ashland, Clark, Clermont, Clinton, Cuyahoga, Erie, Franklin, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Licking, Montgomery, Ottawa, Scioto, Union, Warren. OKLAHOMA: Adair, Atoka, Beckham, Bryan, Caddo, Cherokee, Cleveland, Garfield, Grady, Latimer, Lincoln, Love, Marshall, Mayes, Muskogee, Okfuskee, Oklahoma, Osage, Payne, Pontotoc, Roger Mills, Tillman, Tulsa, Wagoner. PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny, Berks, Bucks, Butler, Centre, Chester, Cumberland, Dauphin, Delaware, Erie, Greene, Lancaster, Philadelphia, Westmoreland. RHODE ISLAND: Newport, Providence. SOUTH CAROLINA: Abbevilee, Beaufort, Chester, Clarendon, Dorchester, Florence, Greenville, Kershaw, Oconee, Pickens, Sumter. SOUTH DAKOTA: Brookings, Yankton. TENNESSEE: Cumberland, Davidson, Hardeman, Knox, Lake, Lauderdale, Madison, McMinn, Shelby. TEXAS: Anderson, Angelina, Aransas, Bastrop, Bexar, Blanco, Brazoria, Brazos, Brewster, Brown, Caldwell, Cameron, Cass, Cherokee, Comal, Dallas, Denton, Galveston, Gonzales, Hardin, Harris, Hidalgo, Houston, Jeff Davis, Kenedy, Kerr, Live Oak, Mason, McLennan, Montague, Montgomery, Palo Pinto, Polk, Robertson, Sabine, San Augustine, San Patricio, Smith, Tarrant, Throckmorton, Travis, Tyler, Walker, Williamson, Wood. UTAH: Utah, Washington. VIRGINIA: Bath, Chesapeake, Chesterfield, Clarke, Covington, Essex, Fairfax, Hampton, Loudoun, Newport News, Suffolk, Westmoreland, York. VERMONT: Bennington. WASHINGTON: Asotin. WISCONSIN: Columbia, Dane, Dodge, Green, Jackson,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Milwaukee, Racine, Sauk, Wood. WEST VIRGINIA. Barbour, Braxton, Greenbrier, Hancock, Jackson, Marshall, Mineral, Preston, Putnam, Ritchie, Roane, Tyler, Webster. WYOMING: Goshen. (Complete label data given in Appendix 1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Types.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">not examined. This species has been well characterized in the literature by authors such as Horn and LeConte.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Label data: underside of fungusy, dead log at night (MB), on piece of cut wood at night (MB), fungusy stump of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer negundo" order="Sapindales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="negundo">Acer negundo</taxonomicName>
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(MB), bracket fungus (ON), in rotting
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pleurotus" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pleurotus</taxonomicName>
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(QC), on trunk of dead
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus americana" order="Rosales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">Ulmus americana</taxonomicName>
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(QC), under bark of dead maple (QC), under bark of rotting trunk of
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus eliottii" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eliottii">Pinus eliottii</taxonomicName>
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with polypore fungi (Bahamas), ex
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Fomes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Fomes" order="Polyporales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Fomes</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
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(Bahamas), under bark of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fagus" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus</taxonomicName>
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(AR),
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Trametes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trametes versicolor" order="Polyporales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="versicolor">Trametes versicolor</taxonomicName>
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(AR),
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Meripilaceae" genus="Meripilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Meripilus giganteus" order="Polyporales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="giganteus">Meripilus giganteus</taxonomicName>
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(AR), polypore tree fungus (AR), under rotting oak bark (CT), in litter at base of dying
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Simaroubaceae" genus="Ailanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ailanthus" order="Sapindales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ailanthus</taxonomicName>
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(CT), large orange polypore shelf fungus [?
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus sulphureus" order="Polyporales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sulphureus">Polyporus sulphureus</taxonomicName>
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] on standing tree trunk (CT),
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<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Omphalotaceae" genus="Omphalotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Omphalotus olearius" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="olearius">Omphalotus olearius</taxonomicName>
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(CT), under bark (DE), shelf fungi (FL),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Griffolia" lsidName="Griffolia fungus" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="fungus">Griffolia fungus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FL),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus hypnoides" order="Polyporales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hypnoides">Polyporus hypnoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FL),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus sulphureus" order="Polyporales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sulphureus">Polyporus sulphureus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FL, MA), under bark of dead pine (FL), hibernating under bark, (GA), under bands of tar paper on apple trees (IL),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Physalacriaceae" genus="Armillariella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Armillariella mellea" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="mellea">Armillariella mellea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GA),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pleurotus ostreatus" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ostreatus">Pleurotus ostreatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(IL), on shelf fungi (KS), in sweetgum stump (LA),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus adustus" order="Polyporales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="adustus">Polyporus adustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LA),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Panus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Panus rudis" order="Polyporales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rudis">Panus rudis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MA, NJ), under bark of dead
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus virginiana" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Pinus virginiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MA), under bark dead standing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MA), in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peromyscus" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Peromyscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
nest debris under bark dead standing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Liriodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liriodendron" order="Magnoliales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Liriodendron</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MA), under bark of stump of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus serotina" order="Rosales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">Prunus serotina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MA), fungus on bark (MS), injured cypress (NC), oak (NC), under bark dead standing pine (NC), under oak bark (NC),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pleurotus" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pleurotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (NC, OK), in mushroom (NC),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Trametes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trametes hispida" order="Polyporales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hispida">Trametes hispida</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ND), under hardwood bark (NJ), ex fungus on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mimosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mimosa" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Mimosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
stump (NJ), on polypore on dead
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TX), polypore
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">fungus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(UT),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus squamosus" order="Polyporales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="squamosus">Polyporus squamosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(VT), under poplar bark (WI).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weiss, HB" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 20" title="Fungous insects and their hosts." volume="33" year="1920">Weiss and West (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pleurotus" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Pleurotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus" order="Polyporales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Polyporus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Poria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Poria" order="Polyporales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Poria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Lentinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lentinus" order="Polyporales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Lentinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Scenellidae" genus="Daedalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Daedalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Daedalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chantal (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided some details on fungal habitats on/in which adults were collected:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pleurotus sapidus" order="Agaricales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sapidus">Pleurotus sapidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus squamosus" order="Polyporales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="squamosus">Polyporus squamosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus betulinus" order="Polyporales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="betulinus">Polyporus betulinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus versicolor" order="Polyporales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="versicolor">Polyporus versicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Polyporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Polyporus confragosa" order="Polyporales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="confragosa">Polyporus confragosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chantal (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pollock, DA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="261 - 290" title="Review of the Canadian Eustrophinae (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.2.30" volume="2" year="2008">Pollock (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that individuals of this species are often collected together with adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Synstrophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synstrophus repandus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="repandus">Synstrophus repandus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same microhabitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
According to LeConte (1873: 335), "the proper authority for this species is Say, its first describer;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophagidae" genus="Mycetophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycetophagus bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Mycetophagus bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fabr. is probably a
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platydema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platydema" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Platydema</taxonomicName>
|
||
."
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pollock, DA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="261 - 290" title="Review of the Canadian Eustrophinae (Coleoptera, Tetratomidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.2.30" volume="2" year="2008">Pollock (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that no other reference to Say being the author of this species could be found, and in fact, Say himself (1826) considered Fabricius to be the correct author.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Taxonomically, the separation of southern specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis indistinctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistinctus">Eustrophopsis indistinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
proved to be the most difficult problem in this study. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern and eastern North America are very distinctive from the southern specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis indistinctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistinctus">Eustrophopsis indistinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(color and dorsal punctation). However, as the ranges approach one another, distinguishing features between individuals of the two species become somewhat less conclusive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Analysis of the male genitalia has revealed several consistent differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figures 57, 63) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis indistinctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistinctus">Eustrophopsis indistinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figures 59, 64), as follows: 1) tegmen relatively narrow in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with apical and basal piece subequal in length; relatively wider in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis indistinctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistinctus">Eustrophopsis indistinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with apical piece distinctly shorter than basal piece; 2) basal struts of median lobe long and narrow in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while shorter and wider in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis indistinctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistinctus">Eustrophopsis indistinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and 3) ring-like portion of sternite 9 U-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while Y-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis indistinctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistinctus">Eustrophopsis indistinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e. with a short basal extension).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
There appears to be a rather narrow zone of sympatry between the two species, e.g. Roosevelt County, New Mexico and Randall County, Texas. Hybridization may be occurring in the southwestern United States; for example, multiple specimens from Hidalgo County, Texas seem to exhibit a combination of features of both species. Future studies using molecular methods may be fruitful in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“fine-tuning”">"fine-tuning"</normalizedToken>
|
||
relationships between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Eustrophopsis bicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetratomidae" genus="Eustrophopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eustrophopsis indistinctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistinctus">Eustrophopsis indistinctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |