186 lines
16 KiB
XML
186 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3bbe66a-aeeb-43a5-ac78-6648765c8060" ID-PMC="PMC5126387" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-628-1" ID-PubMed="27917037" ID-ZBK="2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-628-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 628" ModsDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" checkinTime="1477975617303" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Nieukerken, Erik J., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Nishida, Kenji & Snyers, Chris" docDate="2016" docId="D241699FD3B42A3962BB732531EF9C28" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 628: 1-63" docOrigin="ZooKeys 628" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805" docTitle="Neotrifurcula van Nieukerken, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E1E59003-CB86-45C0-B41A-E3E03BEF56FA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="296BFFD9FF96495C2E58A0247558FFE0" masterDocTitle="New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1668163655911" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New taxa, including three new genera show uniqueness of Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Nieukerken, Erik J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doorenweerd, Camiel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nishida, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Snyers, Chris</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>628</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>63</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9805</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-628-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2D2565530AFA45C897EAB3A006CFF3F7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127895157" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E1E59003-CB86-45C0-B41A-E3E03BEF56FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D241699FD3B42A3962BB732531EF9C28" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Nepticulidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E1E59003-CB86-45C0-B41A-E3E03BEF56FA" authority="van Nieukerken" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula van Nieukerken</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="29" pageNumber="30">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
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van Nieukerken sp. n. by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
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can be recognised by the hindwing venation with trifurcate Rs+M, and a very long and separate CuA in forewing, collar with hairscales, in the genitalia male phallus with a long curved flagellum-like appendix; female with reticulate signa and complex vaginal sclerite.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaucolepis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glaucolepis</taxonomicName>
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has a similar venation, but usually a velvet patch of special scales on hindwing and three pairs of anal tufts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Adult (Figs 97-99). Medial to large nepticulid moths, forewing length 2.7-4.8 mm, largest over 10 mm wingspan. Head with collar comprising piliform scales; antenna with 42-58 segments in male (n=4), 47 in female (n=1). Forewing with distinct or less distinct fascia, sometimes metallic, no subdorsal retinaculum in male. Hindwing in male with costal bristles, no androconial scales observed. Venation (Fig. 95): very complete, with closed cell, R+Rs+M with 6 terminal branches: R, Rs1+2, Rs3, Rs4, M1 and M2, CuA separate and long, approaching Rs+M; A thickened; Hindwing broad, with 5 veins, Rs+M trifurculate: Rs, M1, M2. Abdomen: anterior part of sternum 2 with two lobes on posterior margin (Fig. 96). Tergum 8 with distinct anal tufts, tergum 3-7 with lateral groups of many setae and scales.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 95-96.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
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gen. n., sp.n., male. 95 venation, veins labelled, slide EvN4703 96 Abdominal segment 2, showing 2A, slide EvN4703. Scale bars: 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Figures 97-99.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
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gen. n., adult habitus. 97
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
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, holotype male 98
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
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, male, RMNH.INS.23627 99
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
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specimen EvN4504, female, RMNH.INS.24504. Scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Male genitalia. (Figs 100-104). Vinculum ring shaped, fused with tegumen; ventral plate expanded, not bilobed. Uncus Y shaped. Gnathos with large triangular central element. Valva elongate to triangular, transtilla without transverse bar, sublateral processes distinct. Juxta V-shaped. Phallus long, gradually tapering caudally; a peculiar long curved process at left side; vesica with small group of several cornuti.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Figures 100-103.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
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, male genitalia. 100-102 holotype, various levels of focus 103 Phallus separate, lateral view, slide EvN4703. Scale bars: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 104.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
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, phallus and juxta (top left), ventral view, holotype. Scale: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Female genitalia (Figs 107-110). T9 a pair of setose anal papillae; T8 rounded, with a few setae. Anterior apophyses, slightly longer than posterior ones. Vestibulum with sclerotisation; corpus bursae with a pair of reticulate signa. Ductus spermathecae with 3.5 convolutions.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Hostplant and immature stages unknown. Adults collected in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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forests from November to January.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chile and Argentina, southern parts at low and medial altitudes.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="composition">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Composition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Next to the type species, we include two unnamed species, for one of which we only have one female that was sequenced, another one only one worn male on loan from Copenhagen (ZMUC). We find the DNA barcode distance too large to include the female in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula gielisorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gielisorum">Neotrifurcula gielisorum</taxonomicName>
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and the male is much smaller and shows some differences in the genitalia. According to Jonas Rimantas Stonis (personal communication) there is a group of several closely related species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
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in Patagonia, estimated to comprise at least five species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
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, a noun, a combination of the prefix neo-, new, here derived from Neotropics, and the Latin noun
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Trifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trifurcula</taxonomicName>
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(= a three-pronged fork), another nepticulid genus with a 3-forked Rs+M in the hindwing. The name is to be treated as feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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The anterior sclerite of sternum 2 (S2A) has anterior apodemes similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Bohemannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bohemannia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bohemannia</taxonomicName>
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Stainton, 1859. The venation also has several similarities to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Bohemannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bohemannia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bohemannia</taxonomicName>
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, although the latter seems more reduced by the fusing of CuA with Rs+M and the reduction of the closed cell. This supports the possible sistergroup relationship to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Bohemannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bohemannia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bohemannia</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Bohemannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bohemannia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bohemannia</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Hesperolyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperolyra" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hesperolyra</taxonomicName>
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that we found in our molecular analyses (
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<bibRefCitation author="Doorenweerd, C" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" title="Systematic Entomology" url="10.1111/syen.12212" year="2016">Doorenweerd et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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). Overall the species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
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resemble
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Glaucolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaucolepis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glaucolepis</taxonomicName>
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in several ways: the venation is almost identical, the transverse bar of transtilla is absent, but
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Neotrifurcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neotrifurcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neotrifurcula</taxonomicName>
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does not have the male "velvet patch", the phallotrema spines. The flagellum-like appendix of the phallus is a remarkable character of as yet unknown function. This character requires further detailed morphological study. It is likely an apomorphy for the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |