282 lines
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282 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.141.1678" ID-GBIF-Dataset="890755fd-2259-4517-86b5-09006fde8ce8" ID-PMC="PMC3267461" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-141-79" ID-PubMed="22287882" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-141-79" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 141" ModsDocTitle="A new bush anole (Iguanidae, Polychrotinae, Polychrus) from the upper Marañon basin, Peru, with a redescription of Polychrus peruvianus (Noble, 1924) and additional information on Polychrus gutturosus Berthold, 1845" checkinTime="1451249737699" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Koch, Claudia, Venegas, Pablo J., Garcia-Bravo, Antonio & Boehme, Wolfgang" docDate="2011" docId="BACA86D3D0A1E3BF98AD370D42F72FD0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 141: 79-107" docOrigin="ZooKeys 141" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.141.1678" docTitle="Polychrus gutturosus Berthold 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="5024FFAEFFF4FFFF30350F1BFFC0FFB8" masterDocTitle="A new bush anole (Iguanidae, Polychrotinae, Polychrus) from the upper Maranon basin, Peru, with a redescription of Polychrus peruvianus (Noble, 1924) and additional information on Polychrus gutturosus Berthold, 1845" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1668152517609" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new bush anole (Iguanidae, Polychrotinae, Polychrus) from the upper Maranon basin, Peru, with a redescription of Polychrus peruvianus (Noble, 1924) and additional information on Polychrus gutturosus Berthold, 1845</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Koch, Claudia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia-Bravo, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boehme, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>141</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>107</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.141.1678</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.141.1678</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-141-79</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031735" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BACA86D3D0A1E3BF98AD370D42F72FD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BACA86D3D0A1E3BF98AD370D42F72FD0" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/polychrus_gutturosus" authority="Berthold, 1845" authorityName="Berthold" authorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus Berthold, 1845</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="92" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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Berthold, Nachrichten von der Georg-Augusts
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Universität">Universitaet</normalizedToken>
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und der
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Königlichen">Koeniglichen</normalizedToken>
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Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Göttingen">Goettingen</normalizedToken>
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, 3: 38. - Terra typica:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Popayán">Popayan</normalizedToken>
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, western Colombia. - 1845
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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- Berthold, Nachrichten von der Georg-Augusts
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Universität">Universitaet</normalizedToken>
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und der
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Königlichen">Koeniglichen</normalizedToken>
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Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Göttingen">Goettingen</normalizedToken>
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, 8-10: 11. - 1846
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus (Chaunolaemus) multicarinatus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicarinatus" subGenus="Chaunolaemus">Polychrus (Chaunolaemus) multicarinatus</taxonomicName>
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Peters, Monatsberichte der
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<normalizedToken originalValue="königlich">koeniglich</normalizedToken>
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Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1869 (11): 768. - Terra typica: Costa Rica. - 1869
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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- Boulenger, Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum, 2: 100. - 1885
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus spurrelli" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spurrelli">Polychrus spurrelli</taxonomicName>
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Boulenger, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1914: 814. - Terra typica: near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
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Lisa, Condoto, Colombia. - 1914
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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- Burt and Burt, Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, 28: 40. - 1933
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus subsp. gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gutturosus" subSpecies="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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- Parker, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 105 (3): 516. - 1935
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus subsp. spurrelli" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gutturosus" subSpecies="spurrelli">Polychrus gutturosus spurrelli</taxonomicName>
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- Parker, Proceedings of the Zoological S ociety o f London, 105 (3): 516. - 1935
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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- Etheridge, Herpetologica, 21: 167. - 1965
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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- Peters and Donoso-Barros, Smithsonian I nstitution Press, Washington D.C. & London: 233. - 1970
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus subsp. spurrelli" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gutturosus" subSpecies="spurrelli">Polychrus gutturosus spurrelli</taxonomicName>
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- Peters and Dono so-Barros, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. & London: 234. - 1970
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychroides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychroides gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychroides gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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- Peters and Donoso-Barros, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. & London: 233. - 1986
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus subsp. spurrelli" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gutturosus" subSpecies="spurrelli">Polychrus gutturosus spurrelli</taxonomicName>
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- Peters and Donoso-Barros, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. & London: 234. - 1986
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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- Roberts, Herpetological Review, 28 (4): 184. - 1997
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
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, Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach: 83. - 2000
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus spurrellii" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spurrellii">Polychrus spurrellii</taxonomicName>
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- Torres-Carvajal, Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 131: 21. - 2001
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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- Savage, University of Chicago Press, 2 nd edition: 445. - 2002
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
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, Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach: 13 7. - 2003
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus spurrelli" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spurrelli">Polychrus spurrelli</taxonomicName>
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-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yánez-Muñoz">Yanez-Munoz</normalizedToken>
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et al., Check List, 2 (2): 63. - 2006
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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(Tab. 3). (1) A
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polychrus</taxonomicName>
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with a maximum known SVL of 170 mm; (2) dorsal and gular crest absent; (3) 63 to 82 scales around midbody; (4) 75 to 105 scales in middorsal row from behind the occipital scales to the level of the posterior edge of the thigh; (5) femoral pores 9 to 21 on one side (Fig. 6E); (6) lamellae on finger IV 25-36; (7) lamellae on toe IV 35-45 (Fig. 6D); (8) tail 2.36-3.55 times longer than SVL; (9) dorsal scales smooth or with 1-3 keels; (10) ventral scales with 1-5 keels; (11) gular scales oval, mostly striated, much larger than ventrals, those on gular fan widely separated by granular skin (Fig. 6C); (12) a sexual dichromatism present.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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Table 3. Summary of morphometric and pholidosis characters of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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Figure 6. Male specimen of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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(SMF 83024): dorsal A lateral B and ventral C views of head; ventral aspect of right foot D ventral view of left thigh with femoral pores E.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="13" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="13" pageNumber="92">
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. For detailed descriptions of shape, structure and arrangement of the scales see
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<bibRefCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Taylor (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="92">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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.Our examined female specimens (n=15) had a maximum SVL of 152 mm, a maximum tail length of 539 mm, a maximum total length of 691 mm, a maximum head length of 33.3 mm and a maximum head width of 26.4 mm. The male specimens (n=10) had a maximum SVL of 122 mm, a maximum tail length of 429 mm, a maximum total length of 549.8 mm, a maximum head length of 28.1 mm and a maximum head width of 22.2 mm. Rostral bordered posteriorly by normally 4 striated scales (3 in one specimen: ZFMK 40832; 5 in another specimen: MHNG 2531.062). Scales on snout heterogeneous in size, irregularly polygonal, juxtaposed, rugose and striated; 1-6 scales across snout between second canthals. 2-3 striated canthals between nasal and supraciliaries. Supraorbital semicircle distinct (Fig. 6A), with 7-13 scales, separated medially by normally one scale (0 in two specimens: BM 1901.3.29.19, MHNG 2531.062; 2 in another specimen: ZFMK 19047). Supraciliaries 7-11, juxtaposed, striated; in a continuous series with canthals. Supraocularies 12-18. Internasals 3-5.Supralabials 4-8, strongly striated with 2-6 keels; followed to commissure of mouth by 2-4 slightly smaller scales.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="93" start="start">Infralabials</pageBreakToken>
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4-6, strongly striated with 3-8 keels; followed to commissure by 1-4 distinctly smaller scales (Fig. 6B). Mental approximately half divided by a median groove in 17 specimens, almost divided in 5 specimens, medially divided in one specimen and divided into numerous small scales in one specimen. Postmentals striated (Fig. 6C), normally 2 (5 in one specimen: ZFMK 25729). Supratemporals 4-5; scales in temporal region striated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Paravertebral scales mostly keeled, only some are smooth; lateral body scales smooth or with 1-3 keels, fore- and hindlimbs dorsally with one or more keels, ventrally multicarinate. Ventral body scales with 1-5 keels.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Other morphological characters of the 27 examined individuals are summarized in Table 3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
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Descriptions of the colouration in life (Fig. 7A, B) are given by
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<bibRefCitation author="Breder, CMJR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" pagination="375 - 435" title="Amphibians and reptiles of the Rio Chucunaque drainage, Darien, Panama, with notes on their life histories and habits." volume="86" year="1946">Breder (1946)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, G" journalOrPublisher="Iguana-Rundschreiben" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" pagination="5 - 8" title="Das Leguanportrait: Polychrus gutturosus Berthold 1845." volume="16" year="2003 b">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
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(2003b)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Ortleb and Heatwole (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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and a description of the colour in preservative is provided by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Taylor (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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from near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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San Juan, Nicaragua (photographs by G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
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): male A SMF 83024 and female B SMF 83422.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="14" pageNumber="93" type="distribution and natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="14" pageNumber="93">
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From northwestern Honduras and western Costa Rica to northwestern Ecuador (
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<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, G" journalOrPublisher="Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" title="Reptiles of Central America." year="2003 a">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
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2003a
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="93">Savage 2002</bibRefCitation>
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) from sea level to
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="94" start="start">1300</pageBreakToken>
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m elevation (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="94">Castro-Herrera and Vargas-Salinas 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). According to
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<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="94">Duellman (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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, the species occurs on the Pacific slopes of the Cordillera Occidental in Colombia and Ecuador, the northern parts of the Colombian cordilleras and in the high lands in lower Central America. According to
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<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="94">Peters (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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and(
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<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="94">Peters and Donoso-Barros (1970</bibRefCitation>
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, 1986),
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus subsp. gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gutturosus" subSpecies="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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is distributed from the higher western Andean slopes of Ecuador and Colombia and northward to Costa Rica and Nicaragua; whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus subsp. spurrelli" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gutturosus" subSpecies="spurrelli">Polychrus gutturosus spurrelli</taxonomicName>
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occurs in lowland rain forests of northwestern Ecuador and Colombia. According to
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<bibRefCitation pageId="15" pageNumber="94">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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, the species occurs in undisturbed lowland moist and wet forests and marginally along stream courses which lead into the adjacent Premontane Moist Forest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="95">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="95" start="start">Despite</pageBreakToken>
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its restriction to humid forests, it is strictly diurnal and arboreal and is rarely seen (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Savage 2002</bibRefCitation>
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|
). A female specimen from Turrialba, Cartago Province, Costa Rica examined by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Taylor (1956)</bibRefCitation>
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contained 4 ovarian eggs in the right and 5 in the left ovary, respectively. Eggs were nearly spherical and measured 12 mm in diameter.
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<bibRefCitation author="Roberts, WE" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Review" pageId="21" pageNumber="100" pagination="184 - 185" title="Behavioural observations of Polychrus gutturosus, a sister taxon of anoles." volume="28" year="1997">Roberts (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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observed a pair of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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|
copulating in a tree 2 m above the ground at La Selva Biological Station, Heredia Province, Costa Rica on 9 May and further reports of a gravid female, that was found in a
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Heliocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliocarpus" order="Malvales" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heliocarpus</taxonomicName>
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sp. tree next to Puerto Viejo river at La Selva on 24 July. According to
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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, juveniles have a SVL of 53.5-57 mm when hatching. We examined 2 juveniles with a SVL of 87 mm (ZFMK 31444) and only 44 mm (QCAZ 06749), respectively. Two specimens which were not examined any further had a SVL of 39 mm (BM 94.5.29.5) and 57 mm (BM 1901.3.29.84), respectively. Based on the so far reported cases of copulating animals and gravid females,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="16" pageNumber="95">Savage (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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|
suggested a rainy season productive period (May to December). He stated that eggs are apparently laid in the leaf litter on the ground.
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<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, G" journalOrPublisher="Iguana-Rundschreiben" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" pagination="5 - 8" title="Das Leguanportrait: Polychrus gutturosus Berthold 1845." volume="16" year="2003 b">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
|
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(2003B)
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</bibRefCitation>
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|
kept a couple of
|
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Polychrotidae" genus="Polychrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polychrus gutturosus" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">Polychrus gutturosus</taxonomicName>
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from near Rio San Juan, Nicaragua, in a terrarium. On 26 October the female laid 5 eggs, which decayed and could not be incubated successfully. We examined a gravid female (ZFMK 40830) from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Comatré">Comatre</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
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, Costa Rica, which was collected in October 1983. It contained a total of 6 oval eggs of which 3 were positioned in each of the oviducts. On the average, these eggs had a length of 21 mm and a width of 15 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |