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<document id="5B94303BFBACE3D1FE3794BE55B5E8D7" ID-DOI="10.5431/aramit5208" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b562211-d459-491c-85ce-d0455098497b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198414" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatments_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1481287333856" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rainer Breitling, Tobias Bauer, Arno Grabolle, Pierre Oger, Paolo Pantini, Johan Van Keer, Walter P. Pfliegler, Elke JantsCher &amp; Jan Dolanský" docDate="2016" docId="A53B87D6FF88FFF10A5FF8B8FE1CFFA4" docLanguage="en" docName="AM52_38_49.pdf" docOrigin="Arachnologische Mitteilungen 52" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Cheiracanthium rupestre" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="5902FFAEFF88FFF70945FF99FFEFFE1D" masterDocTitle="East meets West: on the true identity of Cheiracanthium rupestre and Xysticus albomaculatus (AraChnida: Araneae: EutiChuridae, Thomisidae)" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="38" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698398644218" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FBFE259A7F1DFFD4A569B34E22E67AAC">East meets West: on the true identity of Cheiracanthium rupestre and Xysticus albomaculatus (AraChnida: Araneae: EutiChuridae, Thomisidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAC327C38356BCA4711AD426E0178105">Rainer Breitling</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93306391B6FE3155EA43518638A0A52D">Tobias Bauer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F45816E1EB1EFA710CDF4977E329EDD8">Arno Grabolle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E27FD7F1D203EB57BD91035EF9700CA">Pierre Oger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C959029C705EEAD23EA446BD8F3C18B5">Paolo Pantini</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5473933CB4ADF63453D9A26139FB941D">Johan Van Keer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="85C311A7F9E230BD98CFE55BB07A9D3B">Walter P. Pfliegler</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3252E9E2B06119908633885B5B426AE0">Elke JantsCher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29E3C717D6A43EC941A8951C86F19A50">Jan Dolanský</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="47ED6A10B3C6A646845931F8FD62222F">Arachnologische Mitteilungen</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="15A5B28691864E52FEFB10D448713562">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DE9D3D53BD8F7729FA0138EBD86BC2A0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8992A0A59F0DBF68D69A5E747BD35E59">52</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B729FBD633CA00B5A075F3515DFDF10E">38</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="044CF67ACDDB8F0DEB0F1FFEB016D23C" type="DOI">10.5431/aramit5208</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="900126FD026A141DDC725184E4A558A7" type="GBIF-Dataset">6b562211-d459-491c-85ce-d0455098497b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="89C09E797151991E37120F69F94198EB" type="Zenodo-Dep">198414</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A53B87D6FF88FFF10A5FF8B8FE1CFFA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6068929" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125160449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6068929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A53B87D6FF88FFF10A5FF8B8FE1CFFA4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A53B87D6FF88FFF10A5FF8B8FE1CFFA4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="0" pageNumber="38">
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<heading id="766581ACFF88FFF70A5FF8B8FB4DF925" bold="true" box="[794,1186,1825,1849]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="38" reason="6">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF88FFF70A5FF8B8FB4DF925" bold="true" box="[794,1186,1825,1849]" pageId="0" pageNumber="38">
The case of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF88FFF70ADCF8B8FB4DF925" box="[921,1186,1825,1849]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF88FFF70ADCF8B8FB4DF925" bold="true" box="[921,1186,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="38">Cheiracanthium rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6588654BFF88FFF60A5FF8D8FE02FC64" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF88FFF70A5FF8D8FC03F944" blockId="0.[794,1445,1825,2138]" box="[794,1004,1857,1881]" pageId="0" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="766581ACFF88FFF70A5FF8D8FC03F944" bold="true" box="[794,1004,1857,1881]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="38" reason="6">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF88FFF70A5FF8D8FC03F944" bold="true" box="[794,1004,1857,1881]" pageId="0" pageNumber="38">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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sub
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF88FFF70A0DF8FBFC57F964" box="[840,952,1890,1913]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF88FFF70A0DF8FBFC57F964" box="[840,952,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="38">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: BULGARIA: 1♀, 2 juv., Kranevo near Varna, forest edge, ca. 150 m a.s.l., 9.–11.VIII.2005, Dolanský leg. et coll. 1♀, Stranbaka mts., Vitanovo nature reserve, 28.–30.VIII.2000, S. Petrov leg., J. Dolanský coll. 1♂, 10.–14. VII.1977, NMP, J. Buchar leg. et coll. P6d-41/2012/C2331. 3 juv., Bosnek, ca. 1100 m a.s.l., 13. VIII. 2009, J. Dolanský leg. et coll. 6 juv. (1♀, 1♂ kept to adult stage under laboratory conditions), Bosnek, 13. X. 2010, J. Dolanský leg. et coll.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF89FFF609D5FF58FDB8FF84" blockId="1.[144,798,190,633]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">HUNGARY: 1♀, Várpalota, HNHM Araneae-2198, Chyzer coll. 1187. 2♀♀ Várpalota IZ Kulczyński coll. (photographs examined). 1♀, Szentendrei-sziget (Szentendre Island), north of Budapest, under bark on dead wood, end of May 2009, K. Pfeiffer leg., A. Grabolle coll. 1♂, Nadap, Meleghegy, oak forest, 15.VI.1951, HNHM, Kakassné leg. SLOVAKIA: 1♀, Čachtice, 19.VI.1978, J. Svatoň leg. et coll.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF89FFF609F0FE38FECAFFE4" blockId="1.[144,798,190,633]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
sub
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF89FFF609A4FE3BFE69FFA4" box="[225,390,417,441]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF609A4FE3BFE69FFA4" box="[225,390,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: BULGARIA: 1♀, between Yakoruda between Yakoruda and Mekhomiya and Mekhomiya, NMN- HS, holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF89FFF609F0FD98FE02FC64" blockId="1.[144,798,190,633]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
sub
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF89FFF609A0FD9BFE81FC04" box="[229,366,513,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF609A0FD9BFE81FC04" box="[229,366,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ITALY: 2♂♂, Firenze, Marradi, Badia Valle 430 m a.s.l., 25.VI.2003, A. Usvelli leg., MCSN. Sicily 1♀, Ragusa, Giarratana, fiume Irminio, 500 m a.s.l., 19.V.1995, P. Pantini, M. Valle leg., MCSN.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF89FFF609D5FD38FE6BFCA4" blockId="1.[144,799,673,2137]" box="[144,388,673,697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="766581ACFF89FFF609D5FD38FE6BFCA4" bold="true" box="[144,388,673,697]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" reason="6">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF609D5FD38FE6BFCA4" bold="true" box="[144,388,673,697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Comparative material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6588654BFF89FFF609D5FD5BFC27FA44" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF89FFF609D5FD5BFCF1F644" blockId="1.[144,799,673,2137]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF89FFF609D5FD5BFEF5FCC4" box="[144,282,705,729]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF609D5FD5BFEF5FCC4" box="[144,282,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: FRANCE: 4♀♀, 1♂ “Pyr[énnés] Or[ientales] Prats de Mollo”, MNHN Simon coll. 1791. 1♂ Bonne Anse dunes, near La Coubre, Charente-Maritime “mainly un- der rock rose” MMUE Duffey coll. G7512. 1♀, Balcons de la Mescla near Draguignan, bushy area, ca 800 m a.s.l., 25. IV.2009, J. Dolanský leg. et coll. PORTUGAL: 1♀, Picotino, 21.II.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390b, pitfall. 1♂, Tó, 21.II.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390c, pitfall. 1♀, Fonte d’Aldeia, 7.III.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390d, pitfall. 1♀, Fonte d’Aldeia, 13.VI.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390g, pitfall. 1♀, Algozinho, 21.III.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390e, pitfall. 1♀, Algozinho, 4. IV. 2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390f, pitfall. 1♂, Mogadouro, 8.II.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0248B. 1♀, 1♂, Picote, 21.VI.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0248c, pitfall. 1♂, Bruçó, 3.X.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0248d, pitfall. 1♂, Picote, 14.XI.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0248e, pitfall. 1♂, Mértola, 27.V.2003, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. 5358. 1♂, Limas, 18.VI.2003, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. 5475, pitfall. 4♀♀, 2♂♂, 5 juv., Picote, 31.V.2001, P. Cardoso leg. et coll. PMC0390a, swept. 1♀, 1 juv., Praia da Bordeira near Lagos, 12.IV.2005, M. Řezáč leg., J. Dolanský coll. 1♀, Mértola, Corredoura, valley of Guadiana river, 8.XI.2005, M. Řezáč leg., J. Dolanský coll. 1♀ Barca d’Alva near Mogadouro, 10.X.2007, M. Řezáč leg., J. Dolanský coll. 1 juv., Ribeira Limas, 1.VII.2007, S. Pekár leg., J. Dolanský coll. 1 juv., Golega near Torres Novas, 2.X.2007, M. Řezáč leg., J. Dolanský coll. 1♂, Palao near Mogadouro, 4.X.2007, M. Řezáč leg., J. Dolanský coll. 1♂, Fonte de Aldeia near Mogadouro, 5.X.2007, M. Řezáč leg., J. Dolanský coll. 1♀, Faro, Murração, 17.IV.2013, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. 1♀, 1♂, Lagoa de Obidos, in pine litter, 20. IV. 2013, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. 1♀, Belmeque, bushy area, 300 m a.s.l., 38̊2’45”N, 7̊22’59”W, 28.III.2013, J. Dolanský leg. et coll. 1♀, Mértola, bushy area, 50 m a.s.l., 37̊38’5”N, 7̊40’13”W, 30.III.2013, J. Dolanský leg. et coll. 1♀, Barranco do Velho, 30.III.2013, J. Dolanský leg. et coll. 15♀♀, southern Portugal, 3.–7.IV.2008, M. Řezáč et S. Korenko leg., J. Dolanský coll. SPAIN 1♂, Fabero, 1.V.2012, F. Šťáhlavský leg., J. Dolanský coll. 1♀, Málaga, Mijas, stones in pine forest, 19.XII.1997, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. Mallorca 14 juv. (3♀♀, 4♂♂ kept to adult stage under laboratory conditions), Badia Gran, bushy area, VI. 2008, J. Dolanský leg. et coll. ITALY 1♀, Livorno, Isola di Capraia, 20.V.1992 C. Berera leg. MCSN. Sardinia 1♀, SMF Roewer coll. RII/13643. FRANCE: Corsica 1♀, Vivario, Col de Sorba (1320m), 26.V.1995, under stones in
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF89FFF60B00F7DBFD6FF644" box="[581,640,2114,2137]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF60B00F7DBFD6FF644" box="[581,640,2114,2137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Larix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, J. &amp; K.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF89FFF60A06FF5BFC25FD44" blockId="1.[835,1490,190,2137]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
Van Keer leg. et coll. CJVK 1506. 1♀, Solenzara, 28.V.1999, in a
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF89FFF60A30FF7BFC59FEE4" box="[885,950,226,249]" class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Juncus" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF60A30FF7BFC59FEE4" box="[885,950,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Juncus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
field, CJVK. 1♀, Asco, 23.IX.2013, under a stone along rocks, CJVK. 1♂ Zonza, 28.V.1999, under stones in Corsican pine forest, CJVK. 1♂, Mausoleo, rivière Tartagine, 1100 m a.s.l., light trap, 30.V.2000, E. Bertuetti et al. leg., MCSN. 2♀♀, Mausoleo, rivière Tartagine, 1100 m a.s.l., light trap, 1.VIII.2000 Giomi F., Salmini B. leg. MCSN. 3♀♀, Olmi Cappella, affluent rivière Tartagine, 840 m a.s.l., light trap, 30.V.2000, E. Bertuetti et al. leg., MCSN. 5♀♀, 3♂♂, Asco, rivière Stranciacone, 1800 m a.s.l., light trap, 1.VI.2000, E. Bertuetti et al. leg., MCSN. ALGERIA: 1♀, 2♂♂, Wilaya de Tissemsilt, Theniet el Had, clearing in cedar forest, 1750 m a.s.l., 23.III.1988, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. 2♀♀, 1♂, Wilaya de Bouira, Massif du Djurdjura, Tigounatine, 1460 m a.s.l., cedar forest, 6.X.1987–1.IV.1988, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. MO- ROCCO: 1♀, 1♂, Tiznit, Mirlef, litter and stones, near the sea, 25 m a.s.l., R. Bosmans leg. et coll. Uncertain locality (“gall. m., hisp., alg.”= Southern FRANCE, SPAIN, ALGERIA) 28♀♀, 16♂♂, MNHN Simon coll. 1796.1867 (probably including syntypes). No locality. 2♀♀, 1♂ MNHN Simon coll. 1803.13468.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF89FFF60A2CFCFBFC27FA44" blockId="1.[835,1490,190,2137]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF60A2CFCFBFC6EFD64" box="[873,897,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">C.</emphasis>
sp. near
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF60A9AFCF8FBA1FD64" box="[991,1102,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF89FFF60A9AFCF8FBA7FD64" box="[991,1096,865,889]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">striolatum</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
ALGERIA: 2♀♀ Tlemcen, MNHN Simon coll. 1804.13299. 1♂, Djelfa, Djebel Djellal, 17. VIII. 1990, R. Bosmans leg. et coll. MOROCCO 2♀♀, 1♂ “Mogador, La Escaleza” (= Essaouria, Marrakesh), MNHN Simon coll., 1803.13648. 1♀ “Maroc: entre Mazagan [= El Jadida] et Oualidia (J. Théodoridès leg.)”, J. Denis det., MNHN, Simon coll., 1803. TUNISIA: 2♀♀, 1♂ Djerba, MNHN Simon coll. 1804.12462.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6588654BFF89FFF20A2CFBF8FA24FBE4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF89FFF60A2CFBF8FBDFF604" blockId="1.[835,1490,190,2137]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF89FFF60A2CFBF8FB87FA64" box="[873,1128,1121,1145]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF60A2CFBF8FB87FA64" box="[873,1128,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Cheiracanthium rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described by
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60C32FBFBFC64FA84" author="Herman O" bookContentInfo="394 pp." journalOrPublisher="Im Auftrage der Koniglich Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft. Budapest" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" refString="Herman O 1879 Magyarorszag Pok-faunaja. III. A Kiralyi Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Tarsulat Megbizasabol. Ungarns Spinnen- fauna. III. Im Auftrage der Koniglich Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft. Budapest. 394 pp." title="Magyarorszag Pok-faunaja. III. A Kiralyi Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Tarsulat Megbizasabol. Ungarns Spinnen- fauna. III" type="book" year="1879">Herman (1879)</bibRefCitation>
based on a single female found under a stone in a stony ditch close to Majláth (Diósgyőr, Miskolc, Hungary). It was redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60D5AFB58FA8BFAC4" author="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W" box="[1055,1380,1217,1241]" journalOrPublisher="Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" refString="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W 1897 Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae. Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" title="Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae" type="book" year="1897">Chyzer &amp; Kulczyński (1897)</bibRefCitation>
, who not only discussed both sexes in their determination keys, but also provided the first description of the presumptive male of the species, based on a single specimen, the palp of which they illustrated. They considered the species much rarer (“multo rarius”) than
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF89FFF60AF8FAFBFBC0FB64" box="[957,1071,1377,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="effossum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF89FFF60AF8FAFBFBC0FB64" box="[957,1071,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">C. effossum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which itself is one of the rarely found species of the genus. Another record, from “Pajsarjeva jama”, a cave in central Slovenia, was contributed by
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60C24FA38FC64FBC4" author="Kratochvil J" journalOrPublisher="Prirodoslovne Razprave" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="165 - 226" part="2" refString="Kratochvil J 1934 Liste generale des araignees cavernicoles en Yougoslavie. - Prirodoslovne Razprave 2: 165 - 226" title="Liste generale des araignees cavernicoles en Yougoslavie" type="journal article" year="1934">Kratochvíl (1934)</bibRefCitation>
, without further details. The male, but not the female, was later redescribed with detailed illustrations by Cleopatra
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60A06F998FC32F804" author="Oltean C" box="[835,989,1537,1561]" journalOrPublisher="Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Seria Stiintele naturii, Biologie animala" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="45 - 49" part="22" refString="Oltean C 1973 Genul Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839, in Romania. - Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Seria Stiintele naturii, Biologie animala 22: 45 - 49" title="Genul Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839, in Romania" type="journal article" year="1973">Oltean (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, which were later republished (under her married name) in her monograph on the Romanian
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF89FFF60C08F9B8FA3EF824" box="[1357,1489,1569,1593]" class="Arachnida" family="Clubionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Clubionidae</taxonomicName>
s. lat. (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60AC9F9D8FBC4F844" author="Sterghiu C" bookContentInfo="165 pp." box="[908,1067,1601,1625]" editor="Volumul V" journalOrPublisher="Fascicula 4. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" refString="Sterghiu C 1985 Fam. Clubionidae. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida, Volumul V, Fascicula 4. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest. 165 pp." title="Fam. Clubionidae" type="book" volumeTitle="Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida" year="1985">Sterghiu 1985</bibRefCitation>
). The species is said by Sterghiu to be adult in May in Romania, where a single male was found in low vegetation on a roadside in Băneasa, on the northern edge of Bucharest. Since then, the species has been reported very rarely and usually on the basis of single male individuals from a few additional countries: Slovakia (various locations,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60CC0F978FC5CF904" author="Gajdos P &amp; Svaton J &amp; Sloboda K" bookContentInfo="337 pp." journalOrPublisher="Ustav krajinnej ekologie SAV. I" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" refString="Gajdos P, Svaton J &amp; Sloboda K 1999 Katalog pavukov Slovenska - Catalogue of Slovakian spiders. Ustav krajinnej ekologie SAV. I. 337 pp., II. Mapy-Maps 315 pp." title="Katalog pavukov Slovenska - Catalogue of Slovakian spiders" type="book" year="1999">Gajdoš et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60AFBF898FC19F904" author="Gajdos P &amp; Majzlan O &amp; Ambros M" box="[958,1014,1793,1817]" journalOrPublisher="Rosalia (Nitra)" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="49 - 58" part="20" refString="Gajdos P, Majzlan O &amp; Ambros M 2009 Spiders (Araneae) of Rokos Massif (Strazovske vrchy Mts.). - Rosalia (Nitra) 20: 49 - 58" title="Spiders (Araneae) of Rokos Massif (Strazovske vrchy Mts.)" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
), Austria (1 male collected in a xerothermophilic downy oak forest on a south-facing mountainside between 400 and 500 m, Kanzelkogel, Graz, Styria,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60C06F8D8FA2AF944" author="Horak P" box="[1347,1477,1857,1881]" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fur Steiermark" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="173 - 180" part="117" refString="Horak P 1987 Faunistische Untersuchungen an Spinnen (Arachnida, Araneae) pflanzlicher Reliktstandorte der Steiermark, I: Die Kanzel. - Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fur Steiermark 117: 173 - 180" title="Faunistische Untersuchungen an Spinnen (Arachnida, Araneae) pflanzlicher Reliktstandorte der Steiermark, I: Die Kanzel" type="journal article" year="1987">Horak 1987</bibRefCitation>
), Macedonia (4 male specimens collected in July 1998 at elevations between 1300 and 1800 m on Šar Mountain,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60C1EF81BFC94F9A4" author="Komnenov M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biology Students' Research Society (Skopje)" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="103 - 110" part="2" refString="Komnenov M 2002 Contribution to the study of spiders (Araneae) on Sar Planina Mountain, north-western Macedonia. - Bulletin of the Biology Students' Research Society (Skopje) 2: 103 - 110" title="Contribution to the study of spiders (Araneae) on Sar Planina Mountain, north-western Macedonia" type="journal article" year="2002">Komnenov 2002</bibRefCitation>
), and Bulgaria (Slavyanka Mountain,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60C58F83BFA29F9A4" author="Naumova M" box="[1309,1478,1953,1977]" journalOrPublisher="Biotechnology &amp; Biotechnological Equipment" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" pagination="104 - 108" part="23" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/13102818.2009.10818376" refString="Naumova M 2009 Contribution to the study of the spiders (Araneae) in Slavyanka Mountain (SW Bulgaria). - Biotechnology &amp; Biotechnological Equipment 23, Supplement 1: 104 - 108 - doi: 10.1080 / 13102818.2009.10818376" title="Contribution to the study of the spiders (Araneae) in Slavyanka Mountain (SW Bulgaria)" type="journal article" year="2009">Naumova 2009</bibRefCitation>
). A female specimen from Bosnek in the Vitosha Mountains, Bulgaria (and now in the Dolanský collection), was illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF89FFF60A26F798FBC2F604" author="Kurka A &amp; Rezac M &amp; Macek R &amp; Dolansky J" bookContentInfo="622 pp." box="[867,1069,2049,2073]" journalOrPublisher="Praha" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" refString="Kurka A, Rezac M, Macek R &amp; Dolansky J 2015 Pavouci Ceske Republiky. Academia, Praha. 622 pp." title="Pavouci Ceske Republiky. Academia" type="book" year="2015">Kůrka et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF89FFF50A2CF7B8FE2EFAC4" blockId="1.[835,1490,190,2137]" lastBlockId="2.[98,753,193,1657]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
Herman’s type material could not be found in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) and is in all probability lost. It was also not found in the Natural History Museum Vienna (NHMW), the Museum &amp; Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (IZ), or the Zoological Museum of the National University of Lviv (LNU), where parts of the Kulczyński collection are held. However, a single female specimen labelled as
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50BE8FEFBFF74FF84" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50BE8FEFBFF74FF84" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still available in Chyzer’s collection in Budapest and two further females in the Kulczyński collection in Warsaw. Examination of this material showed that
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50B75FE5BFD70FFC4" box="[560,671,450,473]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50B75FE5BFD70FFC4" box="[560,671,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as understood by Chyzer, is identical to
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF508A1FE7BFF77FC04" authority="Drensky, 1921" authorityName="Drensky" authorityYear="1921" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF508A1FE7BFD65FFE4" box="[484,650,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50BD6FE78FF77FC04" author="Drensky P" journalOrPublisher="Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 80" part="23" refString="Drensky P 1921 Paiti otъ iztocнa Мakidoнii i Piрiн-pлaнiнa [Payazi ot iztochna Makedonia i Pirin-Planina - Spiders from Eastern Macedonia and the Pirin Mountains]. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 23: 1 - 80, Tab. I-II" title="Paiti otъ iztocнa Мakidoнii i Piрiн-pлaнiнa [Payazi ot iztochna Makedonia i Pirin-Planina - Spiders from Eastern Macedonia and the Pirin Mountains]" type="journal article" year="1921">Drensky, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a species described on the basis of a female specimen collected between Yakoruda and Mekhomiya (= Razlog, Bulgaria), and later also reported as occurring relatively rarely on Babuna Mountain close to Abdi Han and between Resen and Ohrid (Macedonia;
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50879FD18FE3AFC84" author="Drensky P" box="[316,469,641,665]" journalOrPublisher="Spinnen aus Mittel- und Sudwest-Mazedonien. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 76" part="39" refString="Drensky P 1929 Paiti (Araneae) otъ Tiнtрaлнa i Юgozapadнa Мakidoнii. Spinnen aus Mittel- und Sudwest-Mazedonien. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 39: 1 - 76, Tab. I-IV" title="Paiti (Araneae) otъ Tiнtрaлнa i Юgozapadнa Мakidoнii" type="journal article" year="1929">Drensky 1929</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF508A7FD18FDF6FC84" author="Drensky P" box="[482,537,641,665]" journalOrPublisher="Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 223" part="32" refString="Drensky P 1936 Katalog der echten Spinnen (Araneae) der Balkanhalbinsel. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 32: 1 - 223" title="Katalog der echten Spinnen (Araneae) der Balkanhalbinsel" type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="B5A92A45FF8AFFF50B75FD18FD62FC84" box="[560,653,641,665]" captionStart-0="Fig. 1" captionStart-1="Fig. 2" captionStartId-0="2.[98,129,2037,2057]" captionStartId-1="3.[144,175,547,567]" captionTargetBox-0="[110,1433,1708,2023]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1489,185,533]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[98,1443,1708,2024]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[144,1489,185,533]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Fig. 1: Illustration of the epigyne of a. C. rupestre in Herman’s original description; Herman 1879: Tab. VIIı fig. 158); b. of C. macedonicum in Drensky’s original description; Drensky 1921: Tab. Iı fig. 14) ı and C. of C. striolatum in Arachnides de France; Simon 1932: fig. 1361). The epigyne of C. rupestre is structurally quite different. In contrastı the epigynes of the other two taxa represent the extremes of a continuum in external appearanceı and both forms and their intermediates can be found within a single population." captionText-1="Fig. 2: Epigyne of a. “ C. rupestre ” in Chyzer’s collection in HMNHı b. C. macedonicum (holotypeı Drensky collection in NMNHS) ı and C. C. striolatum (possible syntypeı Simon collection in MNHN)" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/198415/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/198416/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Figs 1-2</figureCitation>
). However, a specimen from Ohrid labelled as
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50B43FD3BFD45FCA4" box="[518,682,673,697]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50B43FD3BFD45FCA4" box="[518,682,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Drensky collection in the NMNHS turned out to be a male
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50927FD7BFF1DFCE4" box="[98,242,738,761]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montanum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50927FD7BFF1DFCE4" box="[98,242,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. montanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(JD vid.).
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50834FD78FD4CFCE4" author="Deltshev C &amp; Blagoev G" box="[369,675,737,761]" journalOrPublisher="Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="269 - 286" part="84" refString="Deltshev C &amp; Blagoev G 1997 The spiders of Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria). Taxonomic, faunistic and zoogeographical analysis (Araneae). - Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 84: 269 - 286" title="The spiders of Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria). Taxonomic, faunistic and zoogeographical analysis (Araneae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Deltshev &amp; Blagoev (1997)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF509CEFC9BFEC0FD04" box="[139,303,769,793]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF509CEFC9BFEC0FD04" box="[139,303,769,793]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from submediterranean to montane coni- ferous altitudes on Pirin Mountain (Bulgaria) and
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50BD4FCB8FF0BFD44" author="Deltshev C &amp; Komnenov M &amp; Blagoev G &amp; Georgiev T &amp; Lazarov S &amp; Stojkoska E &amp; Naumova M" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Data Journal 1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 70" part="977" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3897/BDJ.1.e977" refString="Deltshev C, Komnenov M, Blagoev G, Georgiev T, Lazarov S, Stojkoska E &amp; Naumova M 2013 Faunistic diversity of spiders (Araneae) in Galichitsa mountain (FYR Macedonia). - Biodiversity Data Journal 1: e 977: 1 - 70 - doi: 10.3897 / BDJ. 1. e 977" title="Faunistic diversity of spiders (Araneae) in Galichitsa mountain (FYR Macedonia)" type="journal article" year="2013">Deltshev et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
found it on Galichitsa Mountain in Macedonia. The records of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50844FCFBFE81FD64" box="[257,366,866,889]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50844FCFBFE81FD64" box="[257,366,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Macedonia (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50B76FCF8FD06FD64" author="Komnenov M" box="[563,745,865,889]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biology Students' Research Society (Skopje)" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="103 - 110" part="2" refString="Komnenov M 2002 Contribution to the study of spiders (Araneae) on Sar Planina Mountain, north-western Macedonia. - Bulletin of the Biology Students' Research Society (Skopje) 2: 103 - 110" title="Contribution to the study of spiders (Araneae) on Sar Planina Mountain, north-western Macedonia" type="journal article" year="2002">Komnenov 2002</bibRefCitation>
) and Bulgaria (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF509BAFC18FE45FD84" author="Naumova M" box="[255,426,897,921]" journalOrPublisher="Biotechnology &amp; Biotechnological Equipment" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="104 - 108" part="23" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/13102818.2009.10818376" refString="Naumova M 2009 Contribution to the study of the spiders (Araneae) in Slavyanka Mountain (SW Bulgaria). - Biotechnology &amp; Biotechnological Equipment 23, Supplement 1: 104 - 108 - doi: 10.1080 / 13102818.2009.10818376" title="Contribution to the study of the spiders (Araneae) in Slavyanka Mountain (SW Bulgaria)" type="journal article" year="2009">Naumova 2009</bibRefCitation>
) already imply the synonymy established here. The synonymy between
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50B58FC3BFD2EFDA4" box="[541,705,929,953]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50B58FC3BFD2EFDA4" box="[541,705,929,953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50927FC5BFDA0FDC4" authority="Chyzer &amp; Kulczynski (1897)" authorityName="Chyzer &amp; Kulczynski" authorityYear="1897" box="[98,591,961,985]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50927FC5BFF3FFDC4" box="[98,208,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF5085DFC58FDA0FDC4" author="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W" box="[280,591,961,985]" journalOrPublisher="Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" refString="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W 1897 Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae. Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" title="Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae" type="book" year="1897">Chyzer &amp; Kulczyński (1897)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
auct. is further supported by the examination of male and female specimens collected together in Bosnek (100 km north of Razlog, the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50843FBBBFE46FA24" box="[262,425,1057,1081]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50843FBBBFE46FA24" box="[262,425,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This confirmed that Chyzer’s female is indeed correctly matched to the male that was illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF509A3FBF8FDF1FA64" author="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W" box="[230,542,1121,1145]" journalOrPublisher="Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" refString="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W 1897 Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae. Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" title="Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae" type="book" year="1897">Chyzer &amp; Kulczyński (1897)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50B6CFBF8FD2DFA64" author="Oltean C" box="[553,706,1121,1145]" journalOrPublisher="Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Seria Stiintele naturii, Biologie animala" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="45 - 49" part="22" refString="Oltean C 1973 Genul Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839, in Romania. - Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Seria Stiintele naturii, Biologie animala 22: 45 - 49" title="Genul Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839, in Romania" type="journal article" year="1973">Oltean (1973)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50927FB18FEE2FA84" author="Sterghiu C" bookContentInfo="165 pp." box="[98,269,1153,1177]" editor="Volumul V" journalOrPublisher="Fascicula 4. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" refString="Sterghiu C 1985 Fam. Clubionidae. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida, Volumul V, Fascicula 4. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest. 165 pp." title="Fam. Clubionidae" type="book" volumeTitle="Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida" year="1985">Sterghiu (1985)</bibRefCitation>
. The genital structures in both sexes are quite distinct and set the species apart from all other
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50B3BFB38FF70FAC4" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50B3BFB38FF70FAC4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Cheiracanthium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in Eastern Europe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8AFFF509CDFB78FAEFFA24" blockId="2.[98,753,193,1657]" lastBlockId="2.[790,1445,193,1657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
One slight complication arises, however, from the fact that Herman’s type material of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50839FA9BFE06FB04" box="[380,489,1282,1305]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50839FA9BFE06FB04" box="[380,489,1282,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could not be traced anywhere, and his original figure of the epigyne shows little similarity to that of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF5084FFADBFE97FB44" box="[266,376,1346,1369]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF5084FFADBFE97FB44" box="[266,376,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it has been understood since the times of
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50984FAF8FE16FB64" author="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W" box="[193,505,1377,1401]" journalOrPublisher="Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" refString="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W 1897 Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae. Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" title="Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae" type="book" year="1897">Chyzer &amp; Kulczyński (1897)</bibRefCitation>
, even when we assume that the intraspecific variability is very high (
<figureCitation id="B5A92A45FF8AFFF50B16FA18FD5EFB84" box="[595,689,1409,1433]" captionStart-0="Fig. 1" captionStart-1="Fig. 2" captionStartId-0="2.[98,129,2037,2057]" captionStartId-1="3.[144,175,547,567]" captionTargetBox-0="[110,1433,1708,2023]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1489,185,533]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[98,1443,1708,2024]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[144,1489,185,533]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Fig. 1: Illustration of the epigyne of a. C. rupestre in Herman’s original description; Herman 1879: Tab. VIIı fig. 158); b. of C. macedonicum in Drensky’s original description; Drensky 1921: Tab. Iı fig. 14) ı and C. of C. striolatum in Arachnides de France; Simon 1932: fig. 1361). The epigyne of C. rupestre is structurally quite different. In contrastı the epigynes of the other two taxa represent the extremes of a continuum in external appearanceı and both forms and their intermediates can be found within a single population." captionText-1="Fig. 2: Epigyne of a. “ C. rupestre ” in Chyzer’s collection in HMNHı b. C. macedonicum (holotypeı Drensky collection in NMNHS) ı and C. C. striolatum (possible syntypeı Simon collection in MNHN)" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/198415/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/198416/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Figs 1-2</figureCitation>
). The Hungarian text of the original description, but not its German translation in the same work, describes the epigyne as follows: “The epigyne is very characteristic: there is one pinhead-like brown little sphere on each side of a deeply incised leathery arch.” This matches the figure very well, so that a printer’s or illustrator’s error can be excluded. The “pinhead” structures do not seem to be compatible with the epigynal structure of the specimens that are currently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50DBAFF5BFA80FEC4" box="[1279,1391,194,217]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50DBAFF5BFA80FEC4" box="[1279,1391,194,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the remainder of the illustrated details in the figure also show no resemblance to the distinct patterns seen in, e.g., Chyzer’s specimen. There is no indication of the “deeply incised arch” illustrated by Herman in the epigyne of any European
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50C11FED8FC9AFF64" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50C11FED8FC9AFF64" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Cheiracanthium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The “pinheads” could represent mating plugs, which are known in other
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50D73FE18FB36FF84" box="[1078,1241,385,409]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50D73FE18FB36FF84" box="[1078,1241,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Cheiracanthium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, such as
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50CC9FE1BFB44FFA4" authority="Karsch, 1879 (Bayer 2014)" authorityName="Karsch, 1879 (Bayer" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furculatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50CC9FE1BFC6AFFA4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. furculatum</emphasis>
Karsch, 1879 (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50D62FE38FB4BFFA4" author="Bayer S" box="[1063,1188,417,441]" journalOrPublisher="Arachnologische Mitteilungen" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="19 - 34" part="47" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5431/aramit4704" refString="Bayer S 2014 Miscellaneous notes on European and African Cheiracanthium species (Araneae: Miturgidae). - Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 19 - 34 - doi: 10.5431 / aramit 4704" title="Miscellaneous notes on European and African Cheiracanthium species (Araneae: Miturgidae)" type="journal article" year="2014">Bayer 2014</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50DA7FE3BFC1EFFC4" authority="L. Koch, 1864 (Bryant 1952)" authorityName="L. Koch, 1864 (Bryant" authorityYear="1952" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mildei">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50DA7FE3BFAAFFFA4" box="[1250,1344,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. mildei</emphasis>
L. Koch, 1864 (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50A18FE58FC07FFC4" author="Bryant EB" box="[861,1000,449,473]" journalOrPublisher="Psyche, Cambridge" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="120 - 123" part="58" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1155/1951/51959" refString="Bryant EB 1952 Redescription of Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, a recent spider immigrant from Europe. - Psyche, Cambridge 58: 120 - 123 - doi: 10.1155 / 1951 / 51959" title="Redescription of Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, a recent spider immigrant from Europe" type="journal article" year="1952">Bryant 1952</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but if Herman’s specimen belonged to the same species Chyzer’s material, the anterio-lateral position of the plugs would be inexplicable. Moreover, while several females of the closely related
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50D13FDBBFB32FC24" box="[1110,1245,545,569]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50D13FDBBFB32FC24" box="[1110,1245,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Simon’s collection had broken emboli lodged in their epigyne, none of the specimens examined had a mating plug. We considered the possibility of assigning a neotype for
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50DF5FD1BFACFFC84" box="[1200,1312,642,665]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50DF5FD1BFACFFC84" box="[1200,1312,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to stabilize the interpretation of this name, but decided that in view of the major discrepancies between Herman’s illustration and the current concept of the species, it would be impossible to select a neotype specimen that fulfils the condition of ICZN art. 75.3.5. “that the neotype is consistent with what is known of the former name-bearing type from the original description and from other sources”. Instead, we consider
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50C43FCFBFA9AFD64" box="[1286,1397,866,889]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50C43FCFBFA9AFD64" box="[1286,1397,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50A53FC18FC2CFD84" bold="true" box="[790,963,897,921]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">nomen dubium</emphasis>
, possibly based on a malformed individual. The valid name for the species described and illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50A53FC58FBB3FDC4" author="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W" box="[790,1116,961,985]" journalOrPublisher="Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" refString="Chyzer C &amp; Kulczynski W 1897 Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae. Academia Scientiarum Hungarica, Budapest. pp. 147 - 366, Tab. VI-X" title="Araneae Hungariae. Tomus II. pars posterior: Zodarioidae, Agalenoidae, Drassoidae, Zoropseoidae, Dysderoidae, Filistatoidae, Calommatoidae, Theraphosoidae" type="book" year="1897">Chyzer &amp; Kulczyński (1897)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50D2EFC58FAE6FDC4" author="Oltean C" box="[1131,1289,961,985]" journalOrPublisher="Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Seria Stiintele naturii, Biologie animala" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="45 - 49" part="22" refString="Oltean C 1973 Genul Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839, in Romania. - Analele Universitatii Bucuresti, Seria Stiintele naturii, Biologie animala 22: 45 - 49" title="Genul Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839, in Romania" type="journal article" year="1973">Oltean (1973)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50C0DFC58FCB2FDE4" author="Sterghiu C" bookContentInfo="165 pp." editor="Volumul V" journalOrPublisher="Fascicula 4. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" refString="Sterghiu C 1985 Fam. Clubionidae. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida, Volumul V, Fascicula 4. Academia Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest. 165 pp." title="Fam. Clubionidae" type="book" volumeTitle="Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida" year="1985">Sterghiu (1985)</bibRefCitation>
thus becomes
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50D4CFC78FCA3FA04" authority="Drensky 1921" authorityName="Drensky" authorityYear="1921" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50D4CFC78FAD2FDE4" box="[1033,1341,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Cheiracanthium macedonicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50C0CFC78FCA3FA04" author="Drensky P" journalOrPublisher="Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 80" part="23" refString="Drensky P 1921 Paiti otъ iztocнa Мakidoнii i Piрiн-pлaнiнa [Payazi ot iztochna Makedonia i Pirin-Planina - Spiders from Eastern Macedonia and the Pirin Mountains]. - Сpiсaнii нa Bълgaрсkata akadiмii нa нaukitѣ [Spisanie na Bulgarskata Akademia na Naukite] 23: 1 - 80, Tab. I-II" title="Paiti otъ iztocнa Мakidoнii i Piрiн-pлaнiнa [Payazi ot iztochna Makedonia i Pirin-Planina - Spiders from Eastern Macedonia and the Pirin Mountains]" type="journal article" year="1921">Drensky 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and all records of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50D50FB9BFB6DFA04" box="[1045,1154,1026,1049]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50D50FB9BFB6DFA04" box="[1045,1154,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except that in the original description) should be referred to this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8AFFF40A79FBD8FD28FD44" blockId="2.[790,1445,193,1657]" lastBlockId="3.[144,795,673,1209]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
Considering the descriptions published after Herman’s work and the genitalia of Chyzer’s specimen, both male and female
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50A21FB1BFBE7FA84" box="[868,1032,1153,1177]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50A21FB1BFBE7FA84" box="[868,1032,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear to be very similar to
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50C7EFB1BFCD0FAA4" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50C7EFB1BFCD0FAA4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species described in 1878 by Simon from a wide range of localities in southern and western mainland France and Corsica, where it was found on low plants. The females were reportedly found with their egg sacs under stones in April. Although the first description already indicated that this species is not rare and can be quite common in suitable habitats, it was relatively rarely reported; and following its inclusion in
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50A53FA18FC42FB84" author="Simon E" box="[790,941,1409,1433]" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="773 - 978" refString="Simon E 1932 Les arachnides de France. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes francaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 4 e partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 773 - 978" title="Les arachnides de France. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes francaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 4 e partie" type="book chapter" year="1932">Simon (1932)</bibRefCitation>
, which added records from Algeria, Spain and Portugal and also provided the first illustration of the male and female genitalia, the species was not redescribed by modern authors for a long time. Numerous records are known from the Iberian Peninsula, where the species is widespread (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50A58F9B8FBD6F824" author="Cardoso P &amp; Morano E" box="[797,1081,1569,1593]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 52" part="2495" refString="Cardoso P &amp; Morano E 2010 The Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). - Zootaxa 2495: 1 - 52" title="The Iberian spider checklist (Araneae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Cardoso &amp; Morano 2010</bibRefCitation>
). The first illustrated record since
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8AFFF50A53F9D8FC43F844" author="Simon E" box="[790,940,1601,1625]" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" pagination="773 - 978" refString="Simon E 1932 Les arachnides de France. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes francaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 4 e partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 773 - 978" title="Les arachnides de France. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes francaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 4 e partie" type="book chapter" year="1932">Simon (1932)</bibRefCitation>
was published only in 2014, based on a female collected under dried leaves along a road margin in Malaga, Spain (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8BFFF40999FD38FE9BFCA4" author="Lecigne S" box="[220,372,673,697]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Arachnologique 2" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" pagination="18 - 28" part="1" refString="Lecigne S 2014 Contribution a l'inventaire araneologique (Araneae) des Pyrenees-Orientales (Languedoc-Roussillon, France). - Revue Arachnologique 2 1: 18 - 28" title="Contribution a l'inventaire araneologique (Araneae) des Pyrenees-Orientales (Languedoc-Roussillon, France)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lecigne 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Lecigne also reported a single female from a dune in Saint-Cyprien, Pyrénées-Orientales, France.
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8BFFF409D5FD78FEB8FCE4" author="Grill A &amp; Knoflach B &amp; Cleary DFR &amp; Kati V" box="[144,343,737,761]" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity &amp; Conservation" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" pagination="1661 - 4" part="14" refString="Grill A, Knoflach B, Cleary DFR &amp; Kati V 2005 Butterfly, spider, and plant communities in different land-use types in Sardinia, Italy. - Biodiversity &amp; Conservation 14: 1281 - 1300 - doi: 10.1007 / s 10531 - 004 - 1661 - 4" title="Butterfly, spider, and plant communities in different land-use types in Sardinia, Italy" type="journal article" year="2005">Grill et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
reported the species from Sardinia/Italy and
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8BFFF409FAFC98FE57FD04" author="Barrientos JA &amp; Uribarri I &amp; Garcia-Sarrion R" box="[191,440,769,793]" journalOrPublisher="Revista Iberica de Aracnologia" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" pagination="61 - 74" part="27" refString="Barrientos JA, Uribarri I &amp; Garcia-Sarrion R 2015 Aranas (Arachnida, Araneae) del Turo de l'Home (Parc Natural del Montseny, Cataluna, Espana). - Revista Iberica de Aracnologia 27: 61 - 74" title="Aranas (Arachnida, Araneae) del Turo de l'Home (Parc Natural del Montseny, Cataluna, Espana)" type="journal article" year="2015">Barrientos et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
reported and illustrated the species from the Parc Natural del Montseny, Catalonia, Spain, providing the first modern illustrations of both sexes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="79ED6648FF8AFFF50927F86CFDA6F648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198415/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[110,1433,1708,2023]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8AFFF50927F86CFDA6F648" blockId="2.[98,1444,2037,2133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50927F86CFF75F614" bold="true" box="[98,154,2037,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1:</emphasis>
Illustration of the epigyne of
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF508E4F86CFE5DF614" bold="true" box="[417,434,2037,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">a.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF508F3F86CFDFFF614" box="[438,528,2037,2057]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF508F3F86CFDFFF614" box="[438,528,2037,2057]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C.rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Herman’s original description; Herman 1879:Tab.VIIı fig. 158);
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50D0CF86CFBB5F614" bold="true" box="[1097,1114,2037,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">b.</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50D31F86CFAECF614" box="[1140,1283,2037,2057]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50D31F86CFAECF614" box="[1140,1283,2037,2057]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C.macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Drensky’s original description; Drensky 1921:Tab.Iı fig. 14)ı and
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50B55F796FDCFF63E" bold="true" box="[528,544,2063,2083]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C.</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50B7FF796FCF1F63E" authority="in Arachnides" authorityName="in Arachnides" box="[570,798,2063,2083]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50B7FF796FD48F63E" box="[570,679,2063,2083]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C. striolatum</emphasis>
in
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50BFAF796FCF1F63E" box="[703,798,2063,2083]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Arachnides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50A67F796FC9BF63E" box="[802,884,2063,2083]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">de France</emphasis>
; Simon 1932:fig. 1361).The epigyne of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8AFFF50D95F796FAC5F63E" box="[1232,1322,2063,2083]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8AFFF50D95F796FAC5F63E" box="[1232,1322,2063,2083]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">C.rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is structurally quite different. In contrastı the epigynes of the other two taxa represent the extremes of a continuum in external appearanceı and both forms and their intermediates can be found within a single population.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="79ED6648FF8BFFF409D5FDBAFE20FC4D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198416/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[144,1489,185,533]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8BFFF409D5FDBAFE20FC4D" blockId="3.[144,1489,547,592]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF409D5FDBAFF28FC2A" bold="true" box="[144,199,547,567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2:</emphasis>
Epigyne of
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40868FDBAFED1FC2A" bold="true" box="[301,318,547,567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">a.</emphasis>
“
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF4080EFDBAFE44FC2A" box="[331,427,547,567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF4080EFDBAFE49FC2A" box="[331,422,547,567]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">C.rupestre</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
in Chyzer’s collection in HMNHı
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40B86FDBAFD3AFC2A" bold="true" box="[707,725,547,567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">b.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40B9DFDBAFC88FC2A" box="[728,871,547,567]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40B9DFDBAFC88FC2A" box="[728,871,547,567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C.macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotypeı Drensky collection in NMNHS)ı and
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40DBAFDBAFAE0FC2A" bold="true" box="[1279,1295,547,567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40C57FDBAFA90FC2A" box="[1298,1407,547,567]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40C57FDBAFA90FC2A" box="[1298,1407,547,567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C.striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(possible syntypeı Simon collection in MNHN)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8BFFF409F0FCF8FE0FFA44" blockId="3.[144,795,673,1209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
The similarity between
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF408F1FCFBFDB5FD64" box="[436,602,865,889]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF408F1FCFBFDB5FD64" box="[436,602,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40BD7FCFBFCF6FD64" box="[658,793,865,889]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40BD7FCFBFCF6FD64" box="[658,793,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had already been noted by
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8BFFF40884FC18FD9CFD84" author="Deltshev C" box="[449,627,897,921]" journalOrPublisher="Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" pagination="135 - 150" part="90" refString="Deltshev C 2003 A critical review of the spider species (Araneae) described by P. Drensky in the period 1915 - 1942 from the Balkans. - Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 90: 135 - 150" title="A critical review of the spider species (Araneae) described by P. Drensky in the period 1915 - 1942 from the Balkans." type="journal article" year="2003">Deltshev (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, who had examined the female holotype of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF408A4FC3BFD67FDA4" box="[481,648,929,953]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF408A4FC3BFD67FDA4" box="[481,648,929,953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Drensky’s collection and concluded that this species is close to
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40B81FC5BFEB5FDE4" authority="Simon, 1878" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1878" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40B81FC5BFF23FDE4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. striolatum</emphasis>
Simon, 1878
</taxonomicName>
, to which it should be thoroughly compared. We have carried out this thorough comparison, based on a large number of specimens from the range of both species (see Material examined, above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8BFFF409F0FBFBFC55FD24" blockId="3.[144,795,673,1209]" lastBlockId="3.[839,1490,673,1209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
In contrast to the first impression based on published illustrations of the genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF408F2FB1BFDB4FA84" box="[439,603,1153,1177]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF408F2FB1BFDB4FA84" box="[439,603,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40BD6FB1BFCF6FA84" box="[659,793,1153,1177]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40BD6FB1BFCF6FA84" box="[659,793,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be reliably differentiated based on the genitalia in either sex. The female genitalia are extremely variable in morphology, with specimens matching the published illustrations of either
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40AEFFD7BFBDFFCE4" box="[938,1072,737,761]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40AEFFD7BFBDFFCE4" box="[938,1072,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40D13FD7BFB15FCE4" box="[1110,1274,737,761]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40D13FD7BFB15FCE4" box="[1110,1274,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and morphological intermediates between these, even within a single population (
<figureCitation id="B5A92A45FF8BFFF40A0AFCB8FC42FD24" box="[847,941,801,825]" captionStart-0="Fig. 3" captionStart-1="Fig. 4" captionStartId-0="3.[144,175,1961,1981]" captionStartId-1="4.[98,129,706,726]" captionTargetBox-0="[507,1489,1270,2109]" captionTargetBox-1="[99,748,185,687]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[507,1489,1270,2128]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[98,748,185,697]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Fig. 3: a., b. External view of the epigyne of two specimens of C. striolatum from Corsica representing the macedonicum type of external appearance. Cleared epigyne of the latter specimenı in C. ventral and d. dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm" captionText-1="Fig. 4: Cleared epigyne of C. macedonicum from Szentendre Islandı north of Budapestı Hungary in a., b. ventral and C., d. dorsal viewı photos (aı c.) and schematic drawing (bı d). Scale bars = 0.2 mm" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/198417/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/198418/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">Figs 3-4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8BFFF40A28FCDBFB22FDC4" blockId="3.[839,1490,673,1209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
In the male, the tegular (median) apophysis is often distinctly bent in specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40DCDFCFBFAFFFD64" box="[1160,1296,865,889]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40DCDFCFBFAFFFD64" box="[1160,1296,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B5A92A45FF8BFFF40C65FCF8FA8EFD64" box="[1312,1377,865,889]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="4.[98,129,2088,2108]" captionTargetBox="[98,1431,1577,2074]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[98,1443,1577,2074]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5: Ventral view of the pedipalp a., b. of two specimens of C. macedonicum from Bulgaria and three specimens of C. striolatum C. from Portugalı d.  mainland France and e. Corsica" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198419/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, specimen from mainland France), but this trait is highly variable and specimens with an almost straight apophysis can be found as well, as is typical for
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40D61FC5BFB27FDC4" box="[1060,1224,961,985]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40D61FC5BFB27FDC4" box="[1060,1224,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8BFFF30A28FC78FEE4FD64" blockId="3.[839,1490,673,1209]" lastBlockId="4.[98,749,833,1529]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
The hind margin of the cheliceral groove carries 4 teeth in typical
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40AD3FB9BFBF3FA04" box="[918,1052,1025,1049]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40AD3FB9BFBF3FA04" box="[918,1052,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, compared to 2 teeth in
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40C63FB9BFA24FA04" box="[1318,1483,1025,1049]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40C63FB9BFA24FA04" box="[1318,1483,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, the cheliceral dentition can sometimes vary between the left and right side of the same animal and is difficult to assess reliably. Given that cheliceral dentition has turned out to be unreliable in distinguishing other closely related spiders (e.g., the notorious species pair
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40DF6FB38FA9BFAA4" box="[1203,1396,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40DF6FB38FA86FAA4" box="[1203,1385,1185,1209]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Drassodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupreus">Drassodes cupreus</taxonomicName>
/
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF30C31FB38FE80FD44" authority="Bolzern &amp; Hanggi 2006" authorityName="Bolzern &amp; Hanggi" authorityYear="2006" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Drassodes" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="42" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidosus">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40C31FB38FA22FAA4" box="[1396,1485,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">lapidosus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30927FCD8FE80FD44" author="Bolzern A &amp; Hanggi A" box="[98,367,833,857]" journalOrPublisher="Arachnologische Mitteilungen" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" pagination="16 - 22" part="31" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5431/aramit3103" refString="Bolzern A &amp; Hanggi A 2006 Drassodes lapidosus und Drassodes cupreus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) - eine unendliche Geschichte. - Arachnologische Mitteilungen 31: 16 - 22 - doi: 10.5431 / aramit 3103" title="Drassodes lapidosus und Drassodes cupreus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) - eine unendliche Geschichte" type="journal article" year="2006">Bolzern &amp; Hänggi 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), it seems unsuitable to distinguish the two species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="79ED6648FF8BFFF409D5F830FEAEF648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198417/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[507,1489,1270,2109]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8BFFF409D5F830FEAEF648" blockId="3.[144,486,1961,2133]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF409D5F830FF11F9A0" bold="true" box="[144,254,1961,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3: a., b.</emphasis>
External view of the epigyne of two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF40832F85AFE0BF9CA" box="[375,484,1987,2007]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40832F85AFE0BF9CA" box="[375,484,1987,2007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C.striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Corsica representing the
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8BFFF408EBF845FF33F614" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF408EBF845FF33F614" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type of external appearance. Cleared epigyne of the latter specimenı in
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF4099EF7B1FF03F621" bold="true" box="[219,236,2088,2108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">C.</emphasis>
ventral and
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8BFFF40825F7B1FE9DF621" bold="true" box="[352,370,2088,2108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">d.</emphasis>
dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="79ED6648FF8CFFF30927FD5BFDF3FD14" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198418/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[99,748,185,687]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8CFFF30927FD5BFDF3FD14" blockId="4.[98,749,706,777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30927FD5BFF74FCCB" bold="true" box="[98,155,706,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4:</emphasis>
Cleared epigyne of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF3080BFD5BFE31FCCB" box="[334,478,706,726]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF3080BFD5BFE31FCCB" box="[334,478,706,726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Szentendre Islandı north of Budapestı Hungary in
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF3087AFD45FE83FCED" bold="true" box="[319,364,732,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">a., b.</emphasis>
ventral and
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF3089EFD45FDE8FCED" bold="true" box="[475,519,732,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C., d.</emphasis>
dorsal viewı photos (aı c.) and schematic drawing (bı d). Scale bars = 0.2 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8CFFF309CDFC18FBD5FC44" blockId="4.[98,749,833,1529]" lastBlockId="4.[794,1444,193,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">
The most reliable feature to distinguish the two species is the opisthosomal pattern: male and female specimens from Western Europe have a distinct reddish heart mark, followed by a series of red chevrons (
<figureCitation id="B5A92A45FF8CFFF308CEFC78FE20FDE4" box="[395,463,993,1017]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="5.[144,175,1207,1227]" captionTargetBox="[144,1489,185,1195]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[144,1489,185,1195]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6: Habitus of a. female and b. male C. macedonicum ı and C. female and d. male C. striolatum" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198420/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Figs 6</figureCitation>
a, 6b). These marks remain distinct and clearly visible even in specimens that have been stored in alcohol for around 100 years in Simon’s collection. In specimens from Eastern Europe, any indication of this pattern is usually absent (
<figureCitation id="B5A92A45FF8CFFF30837FBF8FE59FA64" box="[370,438,1121,1145]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="5.[144,175,1207,1227]" captionTargetBox="[144,1489,185,1195]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[144,1489,185,1195]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6: Habitus of a. female and b. male C. macedonicum ı and C. female and d. male C. striolatum" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198420/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Figs 6</figureCitation>
c, 6d). Traces of the chevrons can rarely be seen in male specimens, but the heart mark is always pale and the pattern is never distinct in females. Thus, while some extreme specimens of the two species can be similar in their colouration, there is no overlap in the pattern seen in specimens of the two forms. The difference in opisthosomal pattern is already clearly established in the juveniles, which have distinct markings in
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30B4FFADBFD7DFB44" box="[522,658,1345,1369]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30B4FFADBFD7DFB44" box="[522,658,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not in
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF309C6FAFBFEC4FB64" box="[131,299,1377,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF309C6FAFBFEC4FB64" box="[131,299,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as seen in laboratory-reared specimens. Comparable cases of consistent differences in colouration in geographically vicariant populations of widespread spider species seem to be very rare. One example is seen in
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30BDCFA58FE32FBE4" authority="Latreille, 1819" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1819" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthogramma">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30BDCFA58FECDFBE4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Carrhotus xanthogramma</emphasis>
(Latreille, 1819)
</taxonomicName>
: here, male specimens in the Far East consistently show a black longitudinal line on the opisthosoma, which is missing in European specimens (RB unpubl. observation), while the genitalia are indistinguishable (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30A31FEB8FBC4FF24" author="Proszynski J" box="[884,1067,289,313]" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici, Warszawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" pagination="97 - 128" part="30" refString="Proszynski J 1973 Systematic studies on east Palearctic Salticidae, II. Redescriptions of Japanese Salticidae of the Zoological Museum in Berlin. - Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 30: 97 - 128" title="Systematic studies on east Palearctic Salticidae, II. Redescriptions of Japanese Salticidae of the Zoological Museum in Berlin" type="journal article" year="1973">Prószyński 1973</bibRefCitation>
). However, even here, the unusual amphi-Eurasian distribution of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30DABFED8FC61FF64" author="Logunov DV &amp; Marusik YM" bookContentInfo="300 pp." journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Logunov DV &amp; Marusik YM 2001 Catalogue of the jumping spiders of northern Asia (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae). KMK Scientific Press, Moscow. 300 pp." title="Catalogue of the jumping spiders of northern Asia (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae)" type="book" year="2001">Logunov &amp; Marusik 2001</bibRefCitation>
) indicates that perhaps the Asian population is a separate species,
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30A96FE18FAD5FF84" authority="Karsch, 1879" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1879" box="[979,1338,385,409]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinitus">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30A96FE18FB61FF84" box="[979,1166,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Carrhotus crinitus</emphasis>
(Karsch, 1879)
</taxonomicName>
, which is currently considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30DCDFE3BFAD0FFA4" box="[1160,1343,417,441]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthogramma">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30DCDFE3BFAD0FFA4" box="[1160,1343,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. xanthogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another relevant case is provided by the sister species
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30C45FE58FA4BFFC4" box="[1280,1444,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30C45FE58FAB1FFC4" box="[1280,1374,449,473]" class="Arachnida" family="Clubionidae" genus="Clubiona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clubiona</taxonomicName>
υegeta
</emphasis>
Simon, 1918, and
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30A9DFE7BFBB3FFE4" box="[984,1116,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. geneυensis</emphasis>
L. Koch, 1866, which are more reliably distinguished based on their abdominal pattern and colouration than based on their genitalia (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30DA6FDB8FBC0FC44" author="Helsdingen PJ van" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British arachnological Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" pagination="298 - 302" part="4" refString="Helsdingen PJ van 1979 Remarks concerning Clubionidae. - Bulletin of the British arachnological Society 4: 298 - 302" title="Remarks concerning Clubionidae" type="journal article" year="1979">Helsdingen 1979, Oger unpubl. observation</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8CFFF30A7AFDF8FA8FFBE4" blockId="4.[794,1444,193,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30A7AFDF8FC3BFC64" author="Simon E" box="[831,980,609,633]" journalOrPublisher="Roret, Paris" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" pagination="773 - 978" refString="Simon E 1932 Les arachnides de France. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes francaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 4 e partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 773 - 978" title="Les arachnides de France. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes francaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 4 e partie" type="book chapter" year="1932">Simon (1932)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that the characteristic pattern is sometimes lacking in
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30D45FD1BFB6AFC84" box="[1024,1157,641,665]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30D45FD1BFB6AFC84" box="[1024,1157,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this may be due to the inclusion of material from North Africa; examination of the African material in his collection indicates that some populations of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30A33FD7BFC10FCE4" box="[886,1023,737,761]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30A33FD7BFC10FCE4" box="[886,1023,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like specimens occurring there have a unicolourous opisthosoma. Given the lack of genital diagnostic characters, it is not quite clear if these North African specimens belong to
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30A95FCDBFB9AFD44" box="[976,1141,833,857]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30A95FCDBFB9AFD44" box="[976,1141,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or to a closely related third species, as would be more plausible zoogeographically. Given the apparently highly conservative morphology, it would seem necessary to assess the extent of gene flow between all taxa in this very distinct group using the tools of molecular genetics, with a focus on North Africa and the possible contact areas in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and Slovenia. For Italy, only
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30A5FFBBBFC4EFA24" box="[794,929,1057,1081]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30A5FFBBBFC4EFA24" box="[794,929,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported in the literature (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30C6CFBB8FCBFFA44" author="Caporiacco L di" journalOrPublisher="– Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" pagination="132 - 136" part="17" refString="Caporiacco L di 1949 Una piccola raccolta aracnologica dei monti di Calabria. - Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste 17: 132 - 136" title="Una piccola raccolta aracnologica dei monti di Calabria" type="journal article" year="1949">Caporiacco 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30A1FFBD8FC03FA44" author="Pesarini C" box="[858,1004,1089,1113]" editor="Cerretti P" journalOrPublisher="Gianluigi Arcari Editore, Mantova" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" pagination="65 - 69" part="2" refString="Pesarini C 2003 Araneae. In: Cerretti P, Tagliapietra A, Tisato T, Vanin S, Mason F &amp; Zapparoli M (eds.) Artropodi dell'orizzonte nell'Appennino settentrionale, Primo Contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati 2. Gianluigi Arcari Editore, Mantova. pp. 65 - 69" title="Araneae" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Artropodi dell'orizzonte nell'Appennino settentrionale, Primo Contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati" year="2003">Pesarini 2003</bibRefCitation>
; another record, from the Laguna Veneta,
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30A5FFBF8FC3DFA64" author="Caporiacco L di" box="[794,978,1121,1145]" journalOrPublisher="Venezia" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" pagination="114 - 140" part="5" refString="Caporiacco L di 1950 Gli aracnidi della laguna di Venezia. II Nota. - Bollettino della Societa Veneziana di Storia Naturale e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Venezia 5: 114 - 140" title="Gli aracnidi della laguna di Venezia. II Nota. – Bollettino della Sociétà Veneziana di Storia Naturale e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale" type="journal article" year="1950">Caporiacco 1950</bibRefCitation>
, is doubtful, according to
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30DB5FBFBFA6DFA64" author="Hansen H" box="[1264,1410,1121,1145]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Venezia" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" pagination="11 - 82" part="58" refString="Hansen H 2007 Stato attuale della conoscenza della fauna dei ragni presente nel territorio della laguna di Venezia e nelle aree limitro- fe. - Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Venezia 58: 11 - 82" title="Stato attuale della conoscenza della fauna dei ragni presente nel territorio della laguna di Venezia e nelle aree limitro- fe" type="journal article" year="2007">Hansen 2007</bibRefCitation>
, as it is based on a juvenile specimen). However, examination of specimens in the collection of the Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi”, Bergamo, revealed that specimens from the Italian mainland and Sicily lacked the striped opisthosomal pattern and should for now be considered as belonging to
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30A5FFABBFC50FB24" box="[794,959,1313,1337]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30A5FFABBFC50FB24" box="[794,959,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The most recent checklist of Slovenian spiders reports both
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30A91FADBFB98FB44" box="[980,1143,1345,1369]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30A91FADBFB98FB44" box="[980,1143,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sub
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30DF5FADBFAF2FB44" box="[1200,1309,1346,1369]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rupestre">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30DF5FADBFAF2FB44" box="[1200,1309,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. rupestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30C1CFADBFC8FFB64" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30C1CFADBFC8FFB64" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from that country, based on literature data (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8CFFF30C68FAF8FC20FB84" author="Kostanjsek R &amp; Kuntner M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 91" part="474" refString="Kostanjsek R, Kuntner M 2015 Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist. - ZooKeys 474: 1 - 91 - doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 474.8474" title="Araneae Sloveniae: a national spider species checklist" type="journal article" year="2015">Kostanjšek &amp; Kuntner 2015</bibRefCitation>
). A molecular genetic analysis would be the most suitable tool to define the precise boundary between
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30CC9FA3BFC4FFBC4" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30CC9FA3BFC4FFBC4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30A90FA5BFBB4FBC4" box="[981,1115,1473,1497]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30A90FA5BFBB4FBC4" box="[981,1115,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and to determine if sympatric populations or hybrid forms occur in the contact zone.
</paragraph>
<caption id="79ED6648FF8CFFF30927F7B1FE63F648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198419/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[98,1431,1577,2074]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8CFFF30927F7B1FE63F648" blockId="4.[98,1443,2088,2133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30927F7B1FF73F621" bold="true" box="[98,156,2088,2108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Fig. 5:</emphasis>
Ventral view of the pedipalp
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF308E9F7B1FE34F621" bold="true" box="[428,475,2088,2108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">a., b.</emphasis>
of two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30BE4F7B1FCDDF621" box="[673,818,2088,2108]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30BE4F7B1FCDDF621" box="[673,818,2088,2108]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Bulgaria and three specimens of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8CFFF30DD2F7B1FAE9F621" box="[1175,1286,2088,2108]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30DD2F7B1FAE9F621" box="[1175,1286,2088,2108]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30C49F7B1FAF2F621" bold="true" box="[1292,1309,2088,2108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">C.</emphasis>
from Portugalı
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF30927F7D8FF9BF648" bold="true" box="[98,116,2113,2133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">d.</emphasis>
mainland France and
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8CFFF3087DF7D8FEA7F648" bold="true" box="[312,328,2113,2133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">e.</emphasis>
Corsica
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="79ED6648FF8DFFF209D5FB2EFC33FAD6" box="[144,988,1207,1227]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198420/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[144,1489,185,1195]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8DFFF209D5FB2EFC33FAD6" blockId="5.[144,988,1207,1227]" box="[144,988,1207,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF209D5FB2EFF27FAD6" bold="true" box="[144,200,1207,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6:</emphasis>
Habitus of
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF20869FB2EFED3FAD6" bold="true" box="[300,316,1207,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">a.</emphasis>
female and
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF208EDFB2EFE55FAD6" bold="true" box="[424,442,1207,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">b.</emphasis>
male
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8DFFF208AAFB2EFD91FAD6" box="[495,638,1207,1227]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF208AAFB2EFD91FAD6" box="[495,638,1207,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ı and
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF20BEBFB2EFD51FAD6" bold="true" box="[686,702,1207,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">C.</emphasis>
female and
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF20A6DFB2EFCD4FAD6" bold="true" box="[808,827,1207,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">d.</emphasis>
male
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8DFFF20A2AFB2EFC33FAD6" box="[879,988,1207,1227]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">C.striolatum</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8DFFF209F0FABBFA24FBE4" blockId="5.[144,794,1313,1529]" lastBlockId="5.[839,1489,1313,1529]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">
For now, we refrain from describing the African specimens as a separate species, but consider
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8DFFF20B06FADBFD25FB44" box="[579,714,1345,1369]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF20B06FADBFD25FB44" box="[579,714,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8DFFF20A47FADBFEF9FB64" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF20A47FADBFEF9FB64" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as closely related, but distinct species, reliably defined by the differences in opisthosomal pattern only. In view of the stable differences in pattern over a large geographic area (
<figureCitation id="B5A92A45FF8DFFF20846FA58FEABFBC4" box="[259,324,1473,1497]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="5.[144,173,1885,1905]" captionTargetBox="[511,1489,1581,2128]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[507,1489,1581,2128]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 7: Distribution of Cheiracanthium striolatum (circles) and C. macedonicum (squares) ı superimposed on a map of climate types according to Köppen (Peel et al. 2007). Black symbols indicate examined specimensı open symbols are based on literature records. For clarityı records from closely adjacent locations are indicated by a single symbol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198421/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) and long period of time, we consider this hypothesis more likely than the alternative that the two taxa are actually representatives of a single widespread and variable species. Future research may allow a more confident decision in favour of one or the other hypothesis, but for now the treatment as two separate species is not only justified by the available evidence, but is also the more conservative approach, minimizing the number of changes in nomenclature and maximizing the information content of future faunistic records.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="79ED6648FF8DFFF209D5F8C4FEFFF648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198421/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[511,1489,1581,2128]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8DFFF209D5F8C4FEFFF648" blockId="5.[144,484,1885,2133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF209D5F8C4FF29F96C" bold="true" box="[144,198,1885,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">Fig 7:</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8DFFF2081FF8C4FF06F996" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF2081FF8C4FF06F996" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">Cheiracanthium striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles) and
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8DFFF2082BF8EEFF5AF9B9" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8DFFF2082BF8EEFF5AF9B9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(squares)ı superimposed on a map of climate types according to Köppen (Peel et al. 2007). Black symbols indicate examined specimensı open symbols are based on literature records. For clarityı records from closely adjacent locations are indicated by a single symbol.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="6588654BFF8EFFF109CDFF58FE1CFFA4" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="2D2D36C0FF8EFFF109CDFF58FE1CFFA4" blockId="6.[98,749,193,441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="44">
There is no clear indication for an ecological separation of the two species yet, but it is noteworthy that records of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8EFFF10927FE9BFEEAFF04" box="[98,261,257,281]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macedonicum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8EFFF10927FE9BFEEAFF04" box="[98,261,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="44">C. macedonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
come predominantly from montane localities, often in grassy habitats within forests or along forest edges, while there is a reported preference of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8EFFF108B0FEDBFD95FF44" box="[501,634,321,345]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8EFFF108B0FEDBFD95FF44" box="[501,634,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="44">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for coastal dune habitats in France. In the Iberian Peninsula, however, records of
<taxonomicName id="EA924D43FF8EFFF10993FE1BFEB1FF84" box="[214,350,385,409]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striolatum">
<emphasis id="1FE6EAD2FF8EFFF10993FE1BFEB1FF84" box="[214,350,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="44">C. striolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are widespread at altitudes from sea level to 1900 m (
<bibRefCitation id="49034B31FF8EFFF10850FE38FE07FFA4" author="Morano E &amp; Carrillo J &amp; Cardoso P" box="[277,488,417,441]" journalOrPublisher="Internet" pageId="6" pageNumber="44" pagination="2016" part="23" publicationUrl="http://www.ennor.org/iberia" refString="Morano E, Carrillo J &amp; Cardoso P 2014 Iberian spider catalogue (v 3.1). - Internet: http: // www. ennor. org / iberia (23 March 2016)" title="Iberian spider catalogue (v 3.1)" type="journal article" year="2014">Morano et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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