426 lines
42 KiB
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426 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190" ID-GBIF-Dataset="395bc8e5-add1-4fa2-9511-01d66d2f587a" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194176178" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2615-42-125" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2C89BCC134285666A0E0C110A5F51949" ID-ZooBank="C9CD999BE57147F7830F21081B0E71A6" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8BD115F5-1B22-4EC7-919F-92007DCD91D1" ModsDocID="1314-2615-42-125" checkinTime="1647696006388" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Prado 1, Guilherme C., Preez 2, Gerhard C. Du & Ferreira 1, Rodrigo L." docDate="2022" docId="9AE27A8763E8152D3BB79ADAA508B3C6" docLanguage="en" docName="SubterBiol 42: 125-138" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 42" docPubDate="2022-03-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190" docTitle="Selachochthonius naledi Prado 1 & Preez 2 & Ferreira 1 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="8BD115F5-1B22-4EC7-919F-92007DCD91D1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="2C89BCC134285666A0E0C110A5F51949" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="2C89BCC134285666A0E0C110A5F51949" masterDocTitle="Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. (Pseudoscorpiones, Pseudotyrannochthoniidae), a new troglobitic species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="125" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1647700209316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. (Pseudoscorpiones, Pseudotyrannochthoniidae), a new troglobitic species from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prado 1, Guilherme C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterranea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservacao, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CEP 37200 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Preez 2, Gerhard C. Du</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterranea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservacao, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CEP 37200 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ferreira 1, Rodrigo L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterranea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservacao, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CEP 37200 - 900, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>42</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>125</mods:start>
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<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2615-42-125</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C9CD999BE57147F7830F21081B0E71A6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2C89BCC134285666A0E0C110A5F51949</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="194176178" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8BD115F5-1B22-4EC7-919F-92007DCD91D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9AE27A8763E8152D3BB79ADAA508B3C6" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/8BD115F5-1B22-4EC7-919F-92007DCD91D1" authority="Prado 1 & Preez 2 & Ferreira 1, 2022" authorityName="Prado 1 & Preez 2 & Ferreira 1" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudotyrannochthoniidae" genus="Selachochthonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selachochthonius naledi" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naledi" status="sp. nov.">Selachochthonius naledi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-10-09" collectorName="R. L Ferreira." country="South Africa" county="Villa Louisa cave" latitude="-26.02375" location="Cradle of Humankind" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.711945" municipality="Maquassi Hills Municipality" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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female (NCA 2021/1351), preserved in ethanol:
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9AE27A8763E8152D3BB79ADAA508B3C6:2871798B9E31EF6C36E40E9AF5642819" country="South Africa" county="Villa Louisa cave" latitude="-26.02375" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.711945" municipality="Maquassi Hills Municipality" name="Cradle of Humankind">Cradle of Humankind</location>
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(UNESCO WHS),
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<collectingMunicipality>Maquassi Hills Municipality</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Villa Louisa cave</collectingCounty>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="25.5" value="-26.02375">26°01'25.5"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="43.0" value="27.711945">27°42'43.0"E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingDate value="2019-10-09">09 October 2019</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>R.L Ferreira.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-10-17" collectorName="R. L Ferreira." country="South Africa" county="Yom Tov Cave" latitude="-26.020811" location="Cradle of Humankind" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.714851" municipality="Maquassi Hills Municipality" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<typeStatus>Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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male (NCA 2021/1352),
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9AE27A8763E8152D3BB79ADAA508B3C6:0DF6D00013DCA41C5215189ED10F940C" country="South Africa" county="Yom Tov Cave" latitude="-26.020811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.714851" municipality="Maquassi Hills Municipality" name="Cradle of Humankind">Cradle of Humankind</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Maquassi Hills Municipality</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Yom Tov Cave</collectingCounty>
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(
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<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.92" value="-26.020811">26°01'14.92"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.46" value="27.714851">27°42'53.46"E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingDate value="2019-10-17">17 October 2019</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName>R.L Ferreira.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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The epithet
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">naledi</emphasis>
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refers to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Hominidae" genus="Homo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Homo naledi" order="Primates" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naledi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Homo naledi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, an extinct hominid species discovered within the Dinaledi chamber. This chamber is located in the Rising Star Cave (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Distribution map of Selachochthonius species in South Africa A Africa continent, detail on South Africa country B South Africa, exhibiting distribution of Selachochthonius species with detail on S. naledi sp. nov. type localities C Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. distribution area, exhibiting Yom Tov, Villa Louise and Rising Star Caves (Homo naledi type locality), detail on quarry activity occurring nearby." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660669" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">1C</figureCitation>
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), a World Heritage site located approximately 50 km from Johannesburg. The caves where the pseudoscorpions were found are located on the same hill as Rising Star Cave. The distances between the entrance of Rising Star Cave and the entrances of Vila Louise and Yom Tov caves are approximately 425 and 220 meters, respectively. Considering the fissure system associated with the carbonatic rock in the area, it is likely that the pseudoscorpions are able to disperse through small fissures to other macrocaves in the hill, including Rising Star Cave.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Prado 1 & Preez 2 & Ferreira 1" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudotyrannochthoniidae" genus="Selachochthonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selachochthonius naledi" order="Pseudoscorpionidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naledi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Selachochthonius naledi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. differs from other members of the genus by the following combination of characters: absence of eyes or eyespots (
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. heterodentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="heterodentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. heterodentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Beier, 1995 with four well-developed eyes and
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. serratidentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="serratidentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. serratidentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ellingsen, 1912 bearing four small eyes) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9312" author="Ellingsen, E" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="75 - 128" refId="B12" refString="Ellingsen, E, 1912. The pseudoscorpions of South Africa, based on the collections of the South African Museum, Cape Town. Annals of the South African Museum 10: 75 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9312" title="The pseudoscorpions of South Africa, based on the collections of the South African Museum, Cape Town." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9312" volume="10" year="1912">Ellingsen 1912</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Beier, M" editor="Hanstrom, B" journalOrPublisher="Results of the Lund Expedition in 1950 - 1951. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1263 - 1328" refId="B3" refString="Beier, M, 1955. Pseudoscorpionidea. In: Hanstrom, B, Brinck, P, Rudebeck, G, Eds., South African animal life. Results of the Lund Expedition in 1950-1951. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm: 1263 - 1328" title="Pseudoscorpionidea." volumeTitle="South African animal life." year="1955">Beier 1955</bibRefCitation>
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); epistome triangular and strongly dentate (
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Lawrence, 1935 presents a flattened apex and slightly dentated epistome) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="549 - 555" refId="B19" refString="Lawrence, RF, 1935. A cavernicolous false scorpion from Table Mountain, Cape Town. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 (15): 549 - 555, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" title="A cavernicolous false scorpion from Table Mountain, Cape Town." url="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" volume="10" year="1935">Lawrence 1935</bibRefCitation>
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); palpal femur with length of 0.65-0.66 mm or 6.2 times longer than wide (4.0 times in
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. serratidentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="serratidentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. serratidentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. heterodentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="heterodentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. heterodentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with femur length of 1.0 mm); chela 6.1-6.2 times longer than wide (3.8 times in
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. serratidentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="serratidentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. serratidentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and 5.0 times in
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. heterodentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="heterodentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. heterodentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9312" author="Ellingsen, E" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="75 - 128" refId="B12" refString="Ellingsen, E, 1912. The pseudoscorpions of South Africa, based on the collections of the South African Museum, Cape Town. Annals of the South African Museum 10: 75 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9312" title="The pseudoscorpions of South Africa, based on the collections of the South African Museum, Cape Town." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9312" volume="10" year="1912">Ellingsen 1912</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Beier, M" editor="Hanstrom, B" journalOrPublisher="Results of the Lund Expedition in 1950 - 1951. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1263 - 1328" refId="B3" refString="Beier, M, 1955. Pseudoscorpionidea. In: Hanstrom, B, Brinck, P, Rudebeck, G, Eds., South African animal life. Results of the Lund Expedition in 1950-1951. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm: 1263 - 1328" title="Pseudoscorpionidea." volumeTitle="South African animal life." year="1955">Beier 1955</bibRefCitation>
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); fixed finger with 32-34 simple, sparse, acute and triangular teeth (
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with 23 sparse, simple and triangular teeth, presented in only 2/3 of the segment;
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. heterodentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="heterodentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. heterodentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with 28 acute teeth intercalated by 24 smaller teeth and
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. serratidentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="serratidentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. serratidentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with sparse, acute and complex teeth, each one intercalated by one or two smaller teeth) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9312" author="Ellingsen, E" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="75 - 128" refId="B12" refString="Ellingsen, E, 1912. The pseudoscorpions of South Africa, based on the collections of the South African Museum, Cape Town. Annals of the South African Museum 10: 75 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9312" title="The pseudoscorpions of South Africa, based on the collections of the South African Museum, Cape Town." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9312" volume="10" year="1912">Ellingsen 1912</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="549 - 555" refId="B19" refString="Lawrence, RF, 1935. A cavernicolous false scorpion from Table Mountain, Cape Town. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 (15): 549 - 555, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" title="A cavernicolous false scorpion from Table Mountain, Cape Town." url="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" volume="10" year="1935">Lawrence 1935</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Beier, M" editor="Hanstrom, B" journalOrPublisher="Results of the Lund Expedition in 1950 - 1951. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1263 - 1328" refId="B3" refString="Beier, M, 1955. Pseudoscorpionidea. In: Hanstrom, B, Brinck, P, Rudebeck, G, Eds., South African animal life. Results of the Lund Expedition in 1950-1951. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm: 1263 - 1328" title="Pseudoscorpionidea." volumeTitle="South African animal life." year="1955">Beier 1955</bibRefCitation>
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); movable finger with 29-31 simple, sparse acute and triangular teeth (
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with 17 simple, sparse, acute and triangular teeth;
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. heterodentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="heterodentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. heterodentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with 16 acute and triangular, intercalated by 12 smaller teeth) (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="549 - 555" refId="B19" refString="Lawrence, RF, 1935. A cavernicolous false scorpion from Table Mountain, Cape Town. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 (15): 549 - 555, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" title="A cavernicolous false scorpion from Table Mountain, Cape Town." url="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" volume="10" year="1935">Lawrence 1935</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Beier, M" editor="Hanstrom, B" journalOrPublisher="Results of the Lund Expedition in 1950 - 1951. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1263 - 1328" refId="B3" refString="Beier, M, 1955. Pseudoscorpionidea. In: Hanstrom, B, Brinck, P, Rudebeck, G, Eds., South African animal life. Results of the Lund Expedition in 1950-1951. Almquist and Wiksell, Stockholm: 1263 - 1328" title="Pseudoscorpionidea." volumeTitle="South African animal life." year="1955">Beier 1955</bibRefCitation>
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); presence of a small tubercle in both chelae between the 13th and 14th teeth of the female movable finger and between the 10th and 11th teeth of the male movable finger (
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. heterodentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="heterodentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. heterodentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. serratidentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="serratidentatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. serratidentatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lacks tubercle); 7-11 coxal spines tripinnate arranged in a single row on the anterior portion of the coxa I (
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. cavernicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="cavernicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">S. cavernicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with 12 bipinnate coxal spines) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="549 - 555" refId="B19" refString="Lawrence, RF, 1935. A cavernicolous false scorpion from Table Mountain, Cape Town. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 (15): 549 - 555, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" title="A cavernicolous false scorpion from Table Mountain, Cape Town." url="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654998" volume="10" year="1935">Lawrence 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Type locality and habitat of Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. A Villa Louise cave entrance B Villa Louise cave interior general aspect C Villa Louise cave interior, showing altered floor D Yom Tov cave entrance E live female holotype F live male paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660673" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">5E-F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Body pale yellowish, mostly translucent; chelicerae slightly reddish orange, abdomen beige. Some parts of the body scaly. Vestitural setae sharp and anteriorly projected.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Carapace</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. A left chelicera of female holotype, antiaxial view B female holotype carapace, showing chaetotaxy of carapace C detailed anterior margin of female paratype carapace D detailed anterior margin of male paratype carapace E leg IV of female holotype, showing tubercle location. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, C-D); 0.5 mm (B, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660670" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2B-D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Ratio length/width near 1.0, strongly constricted posteriorly showing a difference between ocular width and posterior width of 0.08-0.10 mm; anterior margin smooth; absence of eyes or eyespots; epistome strongly dentate and saw-like; posterior margin of carapace smooth; chaetotaxy 6: 4: 4: 2: 2 (18), lateral pre ocular setae are shorter in female (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. A left chelicera of female holotype, antiaxial view B female holotype carapace, showing chaetotaxy of carapace C detailed anterior margin of female paratype carapace D detailed anterior margin of male paratype carapace E leg IV of female holotype, showing tubercle location. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, C-D); 0.5 mm (B, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660670" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660670" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Prado 1 & Preez 2 & Ferreira 1" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudotyrannochthoniidae" genus="Selachochthonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selachochthonius naledi" order="Pseudoscorpionidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naledi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Selachochthonius naledi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
|
|
left chelicera of female holotype, antiaxial view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
|
|
female holotype carapace, showing chaetotaxy of carapace
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
|
|
detailed anterior margin of female paratype carapace
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
|
|
detailed anterior margin of male paratype carapace
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">E</emphasis>
|
|
leg IV of female holotype, showing tubercle location. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A, C-D</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B, E</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Chelicera</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. A left chelicera of female holotype, antiaxial view B female holotype carapace, showing chaetotaxy of carapace C detailed anterior margin of female paratype carapace D detailed anterior margin of male paratype carapace E leg IV of female holotype, showing tubercle location. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, C-D); 0.5 mm (B, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660670" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Hand with 7-8 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta and fixed finger with 1 subdistal setae as well; galea absent; fixed finger with 11-12 acute teeth; movable finger with 8-9 acute teeth including one large distal tooth; rallum with 11 blades, middle blades long; serrula exterior with 22-25 blades, serrula interior with 19-21 blades.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Tergites</emphasis>
|
|
. Not divided; surface smooth; chaetotaxy uniseriate, I-XI 2: 2: 4: 4: 4-6: 6-8: 6: 4-6: 4: 4: 4. Anal operculum with two dorsal setae. Pleural membrane smooth.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Coxae</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. A female holotype palp and pedal coxae B detail of female holotype coxa I C detail of female holotype coxal spines D leg I of female holotype E male paratype genitalia, showing arrangement of setae F right pedipalp of female holotype, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B-C); 0.5 mm (D); 0.05 mm (E); 1.0 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660671" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Manducatory process with two apical setae (the distal one about half of the length of the proximal one); rest of palp coxae with 3 setae arranged in a triangle; delicate lamellae outlined by 15 small spines. Pedal coxae (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. A female holotype palp and pedal coxae B detail of female holotype coxa I C detail of female holotype coxal spines D leg I of female holotype E male paratype genitalia, showing arrangement of setae F right pedipalp of female holotype, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B-C); 0.5 mm (D); 0.05 mm (E); 1.0 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660671" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3A-C</figureCitation>
|
|
): coxal spines tripinnate, with smooth tips arranged in a single oblique row in coxae I (7-11), chaetotaxy: I 4, II 4, III 4-5, IV 5 intercoxal tubercle present reduced between coxae III and IV, female bearing two setae and the male one.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660671" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Prado 1 & Preez 2 & Ferreira 1" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudotyrannochthoniidae" genus="Selachochthonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selachochthonius naledi" order="Pseudoscorpionidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naledi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Selachochthonius naledi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
|
|
female holotype palp and pedal coxae
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
|
|
detail of female holotype coxa I
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
|
|
detail of female holotype coxal spines
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
|
|
leg I of female holotype
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">E</emphasis>
|
|
male paratype genitalia, showing arrangement of setae
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">F</emphasis>
|
|
right pedipalp of female holotype, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B-C</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.05 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">E</emphasis>
|
|
); 1.0 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">F</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Genital operculum of female: setae distributed in three horizontal rows: 2: 2: 3, genital opening not bifurcated (horizontally contiguous).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
Genital operculum of male (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. A female holotype palp and pedal coxae B detail of female holotype coxa I C detail of female holotype coxal spines D leg I of female holotype E male paratype genitalia, showing arrangement of setae F right pedipalp of female holotype, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B-C); 0.5 mm (D); 0.05 mm (E); 1.0 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660671" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3D</figureCitation>
|
|
): setae distributed in two horizontal rows: 2: 2; Anterior genital operculum with 10 setae; genital opening with 8-9 valvular genital setae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Sternites</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
chaetotaxy IV-XI: 10-12: 12-14: 6-12: 6-8: 6: 6: 6: 4. Anal operculum with two ventral setae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Palp</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov., female holotype A right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures and trichobothrial pattern, dorsal view B right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures arrangement, ventral view C left pedipalp chela, showing teeth morphology, trichobothrial pattern and tubercle location, antiaxial view D right pedipalp chela, antiaxial view. See Material and methods for abbreviations. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660672" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4A-D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Trochanter 1.4-1.8 times longer than wide, patella 2.3-2.4 times longer than wide, femur 6.2-6.6 times longer than wide. Femoral chaetotaxy 3: 4: 4-5: 2: 7: 1. Trichobothrial pattern:
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">ib</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">isb</emphasis>
|
|
located at the distal portion of the hand on a tiny hump (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov., female holotype A right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures and trichobothrial pattern, dorsal view B right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures arrangement, ventral view C left pedipalp chela, showing teeth morphology, trichobothrial pattern and tubercle location, antiaxial view D right pedipalp chela, antiaxial view. See Material and methods for abbreviations. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660672" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4C-D</figureCitation>
|
|
), adjacent to each other,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">eb</emphasis>
|
|
proximad to
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">esb</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">ist</emphasis>
|
|
distad to
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">esb</emphasis>
|
|
(about the same distance between both),
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">eb</emphasis>
|
|
-
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">esb</emphasis>
|
|
-
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">ist</emphasis>
|
|
located at the base of fixed finger,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">it</emphasis>
|
|
distad to
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">est</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">et</emphasis>
|
|
distad from
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">it</emphasis>
|
|
. Trichobothrium
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">st</emphasis>
|
|
located at third teeth level,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">sb</emphasis>
|
|
proximad to
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">b</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">t</emphasis>
|
|
distad to
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">b</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">b</emphasis>
|
|
at the same distance from
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">t</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">sb</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov., female holotype A right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures and trichobothrial pattern, dorsal view B right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures arrangement, ventral view C left pedipalp chela, showing teeth morphology, trichobothrial pattern and tubercle location, antiaxial view D right pedipalp chela, antiaxial view. See Material and methods for abbreviations. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660672" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4C-D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Fixed finger almost straight, movable finger slightly bent (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. A female holotype palp and pedal coxae B detail of female holotype coxa I C detail of female holotype coxal spines D leg I of female holotype E male paratype genitalia, showing arrangement of setae F right pedipalp of female holotype, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B-C); 0.5 mm (D); 0.05 mm (E); 1.0 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660671" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3A-D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Chelal fixed finger with 32-34 acute, triangular, and widely spaced teeth. Movable finger with 29-31 acute teeth, growing from basal to distal, tubercle present between the 13th and 14th teeth of the female movable finger and between the 10th and 11th teeth of the male movable finger (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov., female holotype A right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures and trichobothrial pattern, dorsal view B right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures arrangement, ventral view C left pedipalp chela, showing teeth morphology, trichobothrial pattern and tubercle location, antiaxial view D right pedipalp chela, antiaxial view. See Material and methods for abbreviations. Scale bar: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660672" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4C-D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660672" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Prado 1 & Preez 2 & Ferreira 1" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudotyrannochthoniidae" genus="Selachochthonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selachochthonius naledi" order="Pseudoscorpionidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naledi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Selachochthonius naledi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., female holotype
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
|
|
right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures and trichobothrial pattern, dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
|
|
right pedipalp chela, showing lyrifissures arrangement, ventral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
|
|
left pedipalp chela, showing teeth morphology, trichobothrial pattern and tubercle location, antiaxial view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
|
|
right pedipalp chela, antiaxial view. See Material and methods for abbreviations. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Leg.</emphasis>
|
|
IV (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Selachochthonius naledi sp. nov. A left chelicera of female holotype, antiaxial view B female holotype carapace, showing chaetotaxy of carapace C detailed anterior margin of female paratype carapace D detailed anterior margin of male paratype carapace E leg IV of female holotype, showing tubercle location. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A, C-D); 0.5 mm (B, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/subtbiol.42.79190.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/660670" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Arolia same length as claws; a tiny protuberance near end of tarsus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
|
(length/width or depth in mm; ratios in parenthesis calculated by using three significant digits): Female holotype and male paratype range. Body length 2.33 [1.86]. Carapace 0.55-0.70/0.52-0.70 (1.0). Palps: trochanter 0.21-0.35/0.15-0.20 (1.4-1.8), femur 0.93-1.22/0.14-0.20 (6.2-6.6), patella 0.38-0.51/0.16-0.21 (2.3-2.4), chela 1.39-1.8/0.30-0.23 (6.1-6.2), movable finger length 0.92-1.14. Leg I: trochanter 0.13-0.23/0.10-0.18 (1.3), femur 0.44-0.67/0.08-0.10 (5.9-6.8), patella 0.29-0.38/0.07-0.09 (4.1-4.4), femur/patella 1.5-1.8, tibia 0.23-0.35/0.05-0.07 (4.3-5.1), tarsus 0.54-0.65/0.05-0.06 (10.7-11.3). Leg IV: Trochanter: 0.24-0.27/0.13-0.17 (1.6-1.8), femur + patella 0.77-1.30/0.19-0.27 (4.1-4.8), tibia 0.50-0.68/0.10-0.12 (5.2-5.4), basitarsus 0.25-0.30/0.07-0.09 (3.4-3.6), telotarsus 0.55-0.73/0.05-0.06 (10.9-12.1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="habitat">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Habitat and ecological remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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Despite extensive efforts in search of invertebrates in the caves, only two specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Prado 1 & Preez 2 & Ferreira 1" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudotyrannochthoniidae" genus="Selachochthonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selachochthonius naledi" order="Pseudoscorpionidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naledi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Selachochthonius naledi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. were found, thus indicating their low population density. In both Vila Louise and Yom Tov caves, the specimens were found in the deeper, moist and aphotic areas. The two individuals were collected from under block rocks in the cave floor. Neither specimens exhibited any phototactic behaviour. An interesting behaviour was observed for the individual from Vila Louise cave (female holotype): when gently touched by the brush bristles, the individual responded aggressively, repeatedly grasping the bristles. Even though one of the authors (RLF) has been collecting cave pseudoscorpions for the last 30 years (especially
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. C. Chamberlin" authorityYear="1929" class="Arachnida" family="Pseudotyrannochthoniidae" genus="Selachochthonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pseudoscorpionidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chthonioidea">Chthonioidea</taxonomicName>
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), this
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“aggressive”">"aggressive"</normalizedToken>
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behaviour has never been recorded by him before. Potential prey in both caves include springtails, juvenile crickets and isopods (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Vandel" authorityYear="1952" class="Malacostraca" family="Styloniscidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Isopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Styloniscidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |