182 lines
28 KiB
XML
182 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="F0C622198BDA8783426ABC9BD8D1E082" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2462.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5312710" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629676798216" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hyman, Isabel T. & Ponder, Winston F." docDate="2010" docId="6413F378FFCF6A52F28B76FCFEAEF9BA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02462p148.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2462 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2462.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Kalidos balstoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="982A8B00FF976A0AF21C766BFFEBFF8B" masterDocTitle="A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1699094437759" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2EB18DF117A9DEC7712767835DDD69E6">
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<mods:title id="D0F4114FD48EAB96FDC4D9E407DEDF06">A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B9D7A04EDFE4065346D0ABFE2BE381AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EFBF48889558A2470B7A59428EB97710">Hyman, Isabel T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1DE909BF73780DC61A1D4E9E608F330">Ponder, Winston F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6BC03811BA0B356ADF69F109D7F37665">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3166C4954DB95FD6C49611F6DE1C6226">
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<mods:title id="BEEEB82FC4081DE1A1400BFA9E4E046E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="97E330275055E5DE444A14A266B29C68">
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<mods:date id="7F970B8FB58C2CA3E3CC1661FE9C9E30">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E0CF49A7330DDEC6EEF1BD0E717E9FD0">2010-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E07D8F07C178268B46020DFD49F31C50">2462</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="66D763FD1F7CF16CDA6816C664470802">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2462.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="B3889FB4643D81FB80D73AA6828B03D8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FE003F94F34A65909FF11F4C508D1079" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2462.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6B9C43CCA73BA60D640A74D402D34B97" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6413F378FFCF6A52F28B76FCFEAEF9BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6413F378FFCF6A52F28B76FCFEAEF9BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6413F378FFCF6A52F28B76FCFEAEF9BA" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFCF6A52F28B76FCFDE0FF3A" box="[151,523,151,177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EC05426EFFCF6A52F28B76FCFDE0FF3A" blockId="88.[151,628,151,212]" box="[151,523,151,177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<heading id="B74DF502FFCF6A52F28B76FCFDE0FF3A" bold="true" box="[151,523,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFCF6A52F28B76FCFDE0FF3A" ID-CoL="6NJQP" authority="(Angas, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Angas" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[151,523,151,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Kalidos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balstoni">
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<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F28B76FCFDE0FF3A" bold="true" box="[151,523,151,177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F28B76FCFEB2FF3A" bold="true" box="[151,345,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Kalidos balstoni</emphasis>
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(Angas, 1877)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFCF6A52F28B76D1FD9FFF5F" box="[151,628,186,212]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="description">
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<paragraph id="EC05426EFFCF6A52F28B76D1FD9FFF5F" blockId="88.[151,628,151,212]" box="[151,628,186,212]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F28B76D1FEA4FF5F" box="[151,335,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="62.[151,255,1781,1805]" captionTargetBox="[261,1325,346,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-168@62.[261,1326,346,1757]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 23. Spermatophores. SEM. A, B. Nitor subrugata, AM C334537. C. Expocystis rustica, AM C425540. D. Ctenophila caldwelli, AM C205301. E, F. New Caledonian species NC5, MNHN no registration number. G,H. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. Scale bars 0.2 mm (B, F, H), 0.5 mm (C, E), 1 mm (A, D, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312772/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figures 23G–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F34776D1FE67FF5F" box="[347,396,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="81.[151,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[254,1329,201,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-104@81.[254,1332,197,1826]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 29. Reproductive systems. A. Caldwellia angularis, AM C205299. B. Caldwellia imperfecta, AM C205300. C. Erepta odontina, AM C205302. D. Ctenophila caldwelli, AM C205301. E. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. Scale bars 1 mm (E), 2 mm (B, D), 5 mm (A, C). Abbreviations: alb, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; c, caecum; ca, carrefour; ep, epiphallus; fl, flagellum; fov, free oviduct; her, hermaphrodite duct; ov, ovotestis; pr, prostate; prm, penis retractor muscle; pt, penial sheath; ut, uterus; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312788/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">29E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F38576D1FE1CFF5F" box="[409,503,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="83.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,418,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-112@83.[257,1330,418,1848]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 31. Radulae. A–C. Caldwellia imperfecta, AM C205300. D–F. Caldwellia angularis, AM C205299. G–I. Ctenophila caldwelli, AM C205301. J–L. Erepta odontina, AM C205302. M–O. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. P–R. Madagascan species MA1, AM C205304. Scale bars 10 mm (A–C), 20 mm (D–L, P–R), 50 mm (M–O)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312794/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">31M–O</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F01F76D1FDDDFF5F" box="[515,566,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="87.[151,255,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[302,1298,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-146@87.[271,1323,175,1789]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 33. Penis interiors. A. Erepta odontina, AM C205302. B. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. C. Madagascan species MA1, AM C205304. D. Sheldonia poeppigii, NMSA L5563. E. Elisolimax flavescens, NMSA V9710. F. Parmarion martensi, BPBM 252738. G. Coneuplecta pampini, AM C438751. H. Hiona pilsbryi, BPBM 206801 & 20701. I. Trochomorpha rubens, FMNH 175247. J. Videna planorbis, FMNH 160957. K. Dendrotrochus eva eva, FMNH 175196. L. Orpiella concavum, BMNH no registration number. Scale bars 1 mm (A, C–D, F–H, J, M), 2 mm (B, E, I, K). Abbreviations: bc, bursa copulatrix; c, caecum; ep, epiphallus; fov, free oviduct; ovi, ovipositer; p, penis; pp, penial pilaster; prm, penis retractor muscle; ppu, penial pustules; pv, penial verge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312800/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">33B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F05E76D1FD9FFF5F" box="[578,628,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="91.[151,255,1089,1113]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,513,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-352@91.[264,1324,499,1076]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 35. External morphology of caudal regions. A. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. B. Macrochlamys petrosa, AM C205303. C. Everettia sp., BMNH 20020188. D. Greenwoodoconcha nux, AM C433375. E. Videna planorbis, FMNH 160957. F. Dendrotrochus eva eva, FMNH 160957. Scale bars 1 mm (D), 2 mm (E–F), 5 mm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312806/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">35A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFCF6A52F28B776EFAD8FECD" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EC05426EFFCF6A52F28B776EFAD8FECD" blockId="88.[151,1437,261,1585]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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||
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F28B776EFE61FE94" bold="true" box="[151,394,261,287]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="5CD24833FFCF6A52F38E776EFAC4FECD" collectionCode="AM" collectorName="SW Madagascar" country="Madagascar" location="Ambalabao" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" specimenCode="C205303" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F38E776EFDC7FE94" bold="true" box="[402,556,261,287]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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||
<collectingCountry id="94AD02FEFFCF6A52F38E776EFDC7FE94" box="[402,556,261,287]" name="Madagascar" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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||
:
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<collectionCode id="8AABDAABFFCF6A52F027776EFD81FE94" box="[571,618,261,287]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode id="BC1CEA15FFCF6A52F06D776EFD36FE94" box="[625,733,261,287]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">C205303</specimenCode>
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||
(
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<specimenCount id="FABC89E7FFCF6A52F0F0776EFC70FE94" box="[748,923,261,287]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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||
dissected, one radula examined),
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<locationDeviation id="FDB75B4CFFCF6A52F73B776EFE4CFECD" location="Andringitra Reserve" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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||
<quantity id="2B42EF8BFFCF6A52F73B776EFA82FE94" box="[1319,1385,261,287]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="km" value="15.0">15km</quantity>
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SW of Andringitra Reserve
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<quantity id="2B42EF8BFFCF6A52F3AF7747FE16FECD" box="[435,509,300,326]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="km" value="55.0">55 km</quantity>
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SE of
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<location id="E96514B5FFCF6A52F0527747FD33FECD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6413F378FFCF6A52F28B76FCFEAEF9BA:E96514B5FFCF6A52F0527747FD33FECD" box="[590,728,300,326]" country="Madagascar" name="Ambalabao" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ambalabao</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="414F27B8FFCF6A52F0F87747FC4DFECD" box="[740,934,300,326]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">SW Madagascar</collectorName>
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, dense mountain rainforest, 1997
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFCF6A52F2DA7738FCDBFA95" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="description">
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<paragraph id="EC05426EFFCF6A52F2DA7738FDADFDB9" blockId="88.[151,1437,261,1585]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F2DA7738FEB5FEE6" bold="true" box="[198,350,339,365]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F37A773FFDB4FEE6" box="[358,607,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">External morphology</emphasis>
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: Shell 5.9 whorls, orange brown, spire and apex slightly raised. Protoconch sculptured with spiral ribs and irregular radial ribs; teleoconch with radial ribs. Whorl profile flattened above and below an angular periphery. Internal walls of early whorls complete; umbilicus open, very narrow U-shape. Animal (
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<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F36C77A1FE11FE6F" box="[368,506,458,484]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="91.[151,255,1089,1113]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,513,1059]" captionTargetId="figure-352@91.[264,1324,499,1076]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 35. External morphology of caudal regions. A. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. B. Macrochlamys petrosa, AM C205303. C. Everettia sp., BMNH 20020188. D. Greenwoodoconcha nux, AM C433375. E. Videna planorbis, FMNH 160957. F. Dendrotrochus eva eva, FMNH 160957. Scale bars 1 mm (D), 2 mm (E–F), 5 mm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312806/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figure 35A</figureCitation>
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) light brownish-yellow with grey spots. Mantle laps absent. Right mantle lobe small, left and median mantle lobes very small. Sole of foot and caudal apparatus as for family; caudal horn small; caudal foss vertical slit in tail.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC05426EFFCF6A52F2DF742BFF31FD0A" blockId="88.[151,1437,261,1585]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F2DF742BFE88FDD2" box="[195,355,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Mantle cavity</emphasis>
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: As for family. Mantle with no visible minor blood vessels, pigmentation of black and white spots.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC05426EFFCF6A52F2DF74E4FD29FD23" blockId="88.[151,1437,261,1585]" box="[195,706,654,680]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F2DF74E4FE6CFD23" box="[195,391,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Digestive system</emphasis>
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: Oesophageal crop absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EC05426EFFCF6A52F2DF74DDFCEBFBD2" blockId="88.[151,1437,261,1585]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F2DF74DDFE84FD44" box="[195,367,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Genital system</emphasis>
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||
(
|
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<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F36274DDFDDCFD5B" box="[382,567,694,720]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="62.[151,255,1781,1805]" captionTargetBox="[261,1325,346,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-168@62.[261,1326,346,1757]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 23. Spermatophores. SEM. A, B. Nitor subrugata, AM C334537. C. Expocystis rustica, AM C425540. D. Ctenophila caldwelli, AM C205301. E, F. New Caledonian species NC5, MNHN no registration number. G,H. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. Scale bars 0.2 mm (B, F, H), 0.5 mm (C, E), 1 mm (A, D, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312772/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figures 23G–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F05F74DDFD9FFD5B" box="[579,628,694,720]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="81.[151,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[254,1329,201,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-104@81.[254,1332,197,1826]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 29. Reproductive systems. A. Caldwellia angularis, AM C205299. B. Caldwellia imperfecta, AM C205300. C. Erepta odontina, AM C205302. D. Ctenophila caldwelli, AM C205301. E. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. Scale bars 1 mm (E), 2 mm (B, D), 5 mm (A, C). Abbreviations: alb, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; c, caecum; ca, carrefour; ep, epiphallus; fl, flagellum; fov, free oviduct; her, hermaphrodite duct; ov, ovotestis; pr, prostate; prm, penis retractor muscle; pt, penial sheath; ut, uterus; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312788/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">29E</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F09C74DDFD5EFD5B" box="[640,693,694,720]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="87.[151,255,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[302,1298,193,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-146@87.[271,1323,175,1789]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 33. Penis interiors. A. Erepta odontina, AM C205302. B. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. C. Madagascan species MA1, AM C205304. D. Sheldonia poeppigii, NMSA L5563. E. Elisolimax flavescens, NMSA V9710. F. Parmarion martensi, BPBM 252738. G. Coneuplecta pampini, AM C438751. H. Hiona pilsbryi, BPBM 206801 & 20701. I. Trochomorpha rubens, FMNH 175247. J. Videna planorbis, FMNH 160957. K. Dendrotrochus eva eva, FMNH 175196. L. Orpiella concavum, BMNH no registration number. Scale bars 1 mm (A, C–D, F–H, J, M), 2 mm (B, E, I, K). Abbreviations: bc, bursa copulatrix; c, caecum; ep, epiphallus; fov, free oviduct; ovi, ovipositer; p, penis; pp, penial pilaster; prm, penis retractor muscle; ppu, penial pustules; pv, penial verge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312800/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">33B</figureCitation>
|
||
): As for family. Carrefour and talon both not embedded in albumen gland. Free oviduct of medium length; capsular gland present; internal longitudinal pilasters absent. Bursa copulatrix inserted on vagina, moderately short, about half spermoviduct length; duct of bursa copulatrix narrow, very short, distinguishable from bursa copulatrix, internally with pustules. Vagina internally with longitudinal pilasters. Penis long; epiphallus enters penis through short verge; penis internally smooth, twelve longitudinal penis pilasters present, penial diverticulum absent. Penial sheath present, very thick, enclosing only penis; muscle connecting top of penial sheath to epiphallus present; penis retractor muscle attached to epiphallus. Epiphallus approximately equal to penis length, internally with longitudinal pilasters. Epiphallic retractor caecum absent. Flagellum present; flagellum and distal part of epiphallus without internal cryptae and externally smooth and slender. Spermatophore soft capsule with firm tail pipe open at one end; tail pipe long, sculptured with longitudinal rows of tiny teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFCF6A52F2DF720CFCDBFA95" blockId="88.[151,1437,261,1585]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFCF6A52F2DF720CFEFCFB0B" box="[195,279,1127,1152]" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Radulaceae" genus="Radula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Porellales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F2DF720CFEFCFB0B" box="[195,279,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F334720DFE34FB0B" box="[296,479,1126,1152]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="83.[151,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,418,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-112@83.[257,1330,418,1848]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 31. Radulae. A–C. Caldwellia imperfecta, AM C205300. D–F. Caldwellia angularis, AM C205299. G–I. Ctenophila caldwelli, AM C205301. J–L. Erepta odontina, AM C205302. M–O. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. P–R. Madagascan species MA1, AM C205304. Scale bars 10 mm (A–C), 20 mm (D–L, P–R), 50 mm (M–O)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5312794/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figure 31M–O</figureCitation>
|
||
): Relatively long and narrow. Central tooth with small ectocones; mesocone lanceolate, similar in length to tooth base. Lateral and marginal tooth fields distinguishable. Lateral teeth with endocone much smaller than central tooth ectocones; ectocone equal in size to those on central tooth; mesocone shorter than tooth base. Marginal teeth with endocones absent; ectocones absent, not subdivided into extra teeth. Radular formula (69.12.1.12.69) × 105 rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A4A011E5FFCF6A52F2DA7340FEAEF9BA" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="EC05426EFFCF6A52F2DA7340FEAEF9BA" blockId="88.[151,1437,261,1585]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F2DA7340FED4FACE" bold="true" box="[198,319,1323,1349]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFCF6A52F3517340FE43FACF" authorityName="Gude" authorityYear="1911" box="[333,424,1323,1348]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Kalidos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F3517340FE43FACF" box="[333,424,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Kalidos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a large genus endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94AD02FEFFCF6A52F1027340FC40FACE" box="[798,939,1323,1349]" name="Madagascar" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
containing about 60 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFCF6A52F7397340FF0EFAE6" author="Schileyko, A. A." pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref76904" refString="Schileyko, A. A. (2002 b) Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs, Part 9: Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2, Moscow." type="book" year="2002">Schileyko 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No anatomical data are available for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3301FCCCFFCF6A52F0FE7338FCFFFAE6" box="[738,788,1363,1389]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFCF6A52F19F7338FB35FAE6" authority="(Angas, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Angas" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[899,1246,1363,1389]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ekongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F19F7338FBC3FAE7" box="[899,1064,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">K. ekongensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Angas, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genus was traditionally included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFCF6A52F3AA7311FCCBFA1F" baseAuthorityName="Zilch" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[438,800,1402,1428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="88" pageNumber="96" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ariophantinae">Ariophantinae (Ariophantidae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFCF6A52F1337311FC59FA1F" author="Zilch, A." box="[815,946,1402,1428]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref78666" refString="Zilch, A. (1959) Euthyneura. In: Schindewolf, O. H. (Ed.) Handbuch der Palaozoologie. Borntrager, Berlin-Zehlendorf." type="book" year="1959">Zilch 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but has been more recently regarded as a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFCF6A52F30273CAFDBAFA30" box="[286,593,1441,1467]" pageId="88" pageNumber="20" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ereptinae">Ereptinae (Ariophantidae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFCF6A52F07C73CAFCC7FA30" author="Schileyko, A. A." box="[608,812,1441,1467]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref76904" refString="Schileyko, A. A. (2002 b) Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs, Part 9: Helicarionidae, Gymnarionidae, Rhysotinidae, Ariophantidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2, Moscow." type="book" year="2002">Schileyko 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFCF6A52F15C73CAFBEAFA31" baseAuthorityName="Angas" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[832,1025,1441,1466]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Kalidos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="balstoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F15C73CAFBEAFA31" box="[832,1025,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Kalidos balstoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
diverged from the base of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFCF6A52F72073CAFF06FA69" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1877" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Helicarionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the present phylogenetic analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="74815EEBFFCF6A52F0B273A3FCD4FA69" box="[686,831,1480,1506]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="13.[151,255,1878,1902]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,255,1728,1752]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,255,1916,1940]" captionTargetBox-0="[174,1417,215,1826]" captionTargetBox-1="[183,1411,208,1687]" captionTargetBox-2="[185,1397,280,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure-53@13.[154,1439,197,1848]" captionTargetId-1="figure-109@14.[160,1425,194,1701]" captionTargetId-2="figure-69@15.[185,1410,274,1888]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Majority-rule consensus tree (1,743 trees, length 117 steps) from the morphological analysis containing representatives of all groups. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Majority-rule consensus tree (646 trees, length 106 steps) from the morphological analysis with Dyakiidae and Urocyclidae excluded. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Majority-rule consensus tree (770 trees, length 117 steps) resulting from the morphological analysis with two additional mantle lobe characters. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312714" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312716" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5312718" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5312714/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5312716/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5312718/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the molecular analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="882B3F9FFFCF6A52F6B673A3FA77FA69" author="Hyman, I. T. & Ho, S. Y. W. & Jermiin, L. S." box="[1194,1436,1480,1506]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="792 - 812" refId="ref75284" refString="Hyman, I. T., Ho, S. Y. W. & Jermiin, L. S. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of Australian Helicarionidae, Euconulidae and related groups (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) based on mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45, 792 - 812." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Hyman
|
||
<emphasis id="DECE9E7CFFCF6A52F71573A2FAAEFA69" box="[1289,1349,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
its position was poorly resolved, but it diverged basally from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BBA39EDFFCF6A52F197739BFBDCF981" authorityName="Bourguignat" authorityYear="1877" box="[907,1079,1520,1546]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Helicarionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
when other problematic taxa were removed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |