229 lines
27 KiB
XML
229 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DAA6E3B6A290AA78207B3A6D44F3E6EF">Paedomorphosis and sexuality in Eulohmanniidae (Acari, Oribatida): surprising diversity in a relictual family of oribatid mites</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="230C5E621A9DB3BEA1D0EA4EF2C4330F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D2FE46F6109DD5E3E756CF1625F97DBD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CDE9186F34CBDD1DB02AB329E7C2DAFA">Norton K, Roy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="44AC580E0B8A0C5514B6948CC00F196C">State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B3E6FCB494CCFF3E27B381B16F6466C9">ErmilovK, Sergey G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="151E7E15268CA3EA6915F42BB9AF838F">Tyumen State University, Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen, Russia. & State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="521B934DB21148FEFEBC02929E182B96">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EE22BCC0A8BAA3C5E4D648A6F747D7EE">Acarologia</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="939664435D6B6C2763477092EDEF9BCE">
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<mods:date id="C1536E0F992FF624E13D7C90EA7AEFAD">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E8A92A2865EA4F5B997C885CE853124B">2022-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="2C9D6723F98F15512FC9BC03525A1EA9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E2D954B6C40BD5F85A4DA053A1CA01FC">62</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6300CA21D6D34370CA7A6C27ECC3028B">4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3FDD52277C6DD7690F4C37E4236359A5">https://www1.montpellier.inrae.fr/CBGP/acarologia/article.php?id=4558</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2D248C1BA04D5F43DDB6E774A440367C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7049788FE0F303D12D1F3136B334C6BE" type="DOI">10.24349/p0b0-usvs</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EEF30B906DB9B735E79F8DFB90DE3A31" type="ISSN">2107-7207</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F5E03438D2CF61CFE7BB59CFDE1FB2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F5E03438D2CF61CFE7BB59CFDE1FB2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F5E03438D2CF61CFE7BB59CFDE1FB2B" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="1032" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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<subSubSection id="8FEDE1DE8D2CF61BFE7BB59CFC63FADF" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C748B2558D2CF61BFE7BB59CFCF9FAEF" blockId="43.[491,884,1247,1280]" box="[491,884,1247,1280]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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<heading id="9C0005398D2CF61BFE7BB59CFCF9FAEF" bold="true" box="[491,884,1247,1280]" centered="true" fontSize="14" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFE7BB59CFCF9FAEF" bold="true" box="[491,884,1247,1280]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2CF61BFE7BB59CFD71FAEF" authority="Norton K & ErmilovK, 2022" authorityName="Norton K & ErmilovK" authorityYear="2022" box="[491,764,1247,1280]" class="Arachnida" family="Eulohmanniidae" genus="Paedolohmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="n. gen.">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFE7BB59CFD71FAEF" bold="true" box="[491,764,1247,1280]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">Paedolohmannia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="EEB0D33C8D2CF61BFC96B59CFCF9FAEF" box="[774,884,1247,1280]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C748B2558D2CF61BFE7BB45EFC63FADF" blockId="43.[491,1535,1309,2021]" box="[491,1006,1309,1328]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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Zoobank:
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<uuid id="B35188808D2CF61BFDD4B45EFC63FADF" box="[580,1006,1309,1328]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">2486996C-711A-42D3-ACA1-8D3DB9BA53CD</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8FEDE1DE8D2CF61BFD83B47FFA17F987" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C748B2558D2CF61BFD83B47FFA17F987" blockId="43.[491,1535,1309,2021]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFD83B47FFD05FABB" bold="true" box="[531,648,1340,1364]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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— With characters of
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<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2CF61BFCEEB47FFBB8FABB" authorityName="Grandjean" authorityYear="1931" box="[894,1077,1340,1364]" class="Arachnida" family="Eulohmanniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulohmanniidae</taxonomicName>
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(see below). Body cuticle indistinctly colliculate, elevations outlined by fine, sparse punctation; mostly without reticulation of sharply defined, depressed lines. Rostral tectum with deep medial emargination, without mucro; seta
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFE7BB4E6FD9DFA53" box="[491,528,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">exa</emphasis>
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less than twice length of
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFCB0B4E7FCBEFA53" box="[800,819,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">le</emphasis>
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. Lyrifissure
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFC2DB4E6FC5FFA53" box="[957,978,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">ip</emphasis>
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lateroventral to seta
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFB20B4E7FB4CFA2E" box="[1200,1217,1444,1473]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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f
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<subScript id="5B73B0108D2CF61BFB28B4F3FB4CFA2E" attach="left" box="[1208,1217,1456,1473]" fontSize="7" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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. Sejugal apodeme absent; all extrinsic muscles of trochanter III insert directly on epimere III surface. Gland
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFACCB485FAF7FA31" box="[1372,1402,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">g4</emphasis>
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opening not observed. Anal segment absent from all instars: adanal segment paraproctal in nymphs and adult. Setae
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFDE4B74FFD01F9CC" box="[628,652,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">ps</emphasis>
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<subScript id="5B73B0108D2CF61BFD1CB754FD18F9C7" attach="left" box="[652,661,1559,1576]" fontSize="7" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">1</subScript>
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of larva and
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFCB7B748FCCFF9CC" box="[807,834,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">ad</emphasis>
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<subScript id="5B73B0108D2CF61BFCD3B754FCC1F9C7" attach="left" box="[835,844,1559,1576]" fontSize="7" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">1</subScript>
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of protonymph not hypertrophied, similar to other setae of segment. Pretarsi of adult with large lateral claws; empodial claw minute. Palp with vestige of articulation between fused femur and genu, in form of shallow crease. Males frequent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FEDE1DE8D2CF61BFD83B730FC73F964" box="[531,1022,1651,1675]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="C748B2558D2CF61BFD83B730FC73F964" blockId="43.[491,1535,1309,2021]" box="[531,1022,1651,1675]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFD83B730FD2DF964" bold="true" box="[531,672,1651,1675]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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<typeStatus id="184C0CF78D2CF61BFD83B730FDC6F964" box="[531,587,1651,1675]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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—
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<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2CF61BFD58B730FC4EF964" authority="Norton K & ErmilovK, 2022" authorityName="Norton K & ErmilovK" authorityYear="2022" box="[712,963,1651,1675]" class="Arachnida" family="Eulohmanniidae" genus="Paedolohmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metzi" status="n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFD58B730FC4EF964" box="[712,963,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">Paedolohmannia metzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFC53B730FC73F964" bold="true" box="[963,1022,1651,1675]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="EEB0D33C8D2CF61BFC53B730FC73F964" box="[963,1022,1651,1675]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FEDE1DE8D2CF61CFD83B7D5FDE1FB2B" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="1032" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="C748B2558D2CF61BFD83B7D5FD5AF8FA" blockId="43.[491,1535,1309,2021]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFD83B7D5FD1EF941" bold="true" box="[531,659,1686,1710]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">Etymology</emphasis>
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— The genus name is based on a combination of the Latinized Greek
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFA16B7D6FA40F942" box="[1414,1485,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">paidos</emphasis>
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(child) with the root
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFD41B7FBFCCEF93F" box="[721,835,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">lohmannia</emphasis>
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, which is used in numerous names for early- to middlederivative oribatid mites. It reflects the paedomorphic nature of the
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<typeStatus id="184C0CF78D2CF61BFB6CB798FAA7F91C" box="[1276,1322,1755,1779]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">type</typeStatus>
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species and is considered feminine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C748B2558D2CF61CFD83B663FC2BFECF" blockId="43.[491,1535,1309,2021]" lastBlockId="44.[491,1544,229,1220]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="1032" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFD83B663FD2FF8D7" bold="true" box="[531,674,1824,1848]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">Justification</emphasis>
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— We justify this new genus proposal based primarily on the complete suppression of the anal segment (
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFCC4B601FCFBF8B5" box="[852,886,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">AN</emphasis>
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), including its associated setae and lyrifissures. While suppression of
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFD1CB626FD23F892" box="[652,686,1893,1917]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">AN</emphasis>
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is widespread in Prostigmata (
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<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2CF61BFB97B626FB19F892" author="Kethley J." box="[1031,1172,1893,1917]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" pagination="667 - 750" refId="ref51397" refString="Kethley J. 1990. Acarina: Prostigmata (Actinedida). In: Dindal D. L. (Ed.). Soil Biology Guide. New York: Wiley and Sons. pp. 667 - 750." type="book chapter" year="1990">Kethley 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), it is rare among
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<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2CF61BFAC5B626FA4FF892" box="[1365,1474,1893,1917]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Oribatida</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2CF61BFE7BB6C4FD2AF870" authorityName="Norton K & ErmilovK" authorityYear="2022" box="[491,679,1927,1951]" class="Arachnida" family="Eulohmanniidae" genus="Paedolohmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2CF61BFE7BB6C4FD2AF870" box="[491,679,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031">Paedolohmannia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may represent only the second example. Most oribatid mites have suppressed the primitive peranal segment, which is retained only by several members of Parhyposomata and Enarthronota (
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<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2CF61BFD2DB68FFCFBF80B" author="Grandjean F." box="[701,886,1996,2020]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" pagination="273 - 284" refId="ref49757" refString="Grandjean F. 1939 d. Les segments post-larvaires de l'hysterosoma chez les Oribates (Acariens). Bull. Soc. zool. France, 64: 273 - 284." type="journal article" year="1939">Grandjean 1939d</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2CF61BFC12B68EFB57F80B" author="Norton R. A. & Fuangarworn M." box="[898,1242,1996,2021]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1031" pagination="151 - 204" refId="ref53531" refString="Norton R. A., Fuangarworn M. 2015. Nanohystricidae n. fam., an unusual, plesiomorphic enarthronote mite family endemic to New Zealand (Acari, Oribatida). Zootaxa, 4027: 151 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10. 11646 / zootaxa. 4027.2.1" type="journal article" year="2015">Norton and Fuangarworn 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), but we believe some previously proposed losses of
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFCA5B1A6FCDAFF12" box="[821,855,229,253]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">AN</emphasis>
|
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in
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<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFC10B1A6FC60FF12" box="[896,1005,229,253]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Oribatida</taxonomicName>
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are incorrect, or are at least equivocal and differently derived, as explained below.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C748B2558D2BF61CFD83B068FA6AFDB8" blockId="44.[491,1544,229,1220]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">
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The independence of
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFD6EB068FCADFEAC" box="[766,800,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">AN</emphasis>
|
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and the adanal segment
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFBAAB068FBD0FEAC" box="[1082,1117,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">AD</emphasis>
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() is lost in various groups where fusions occur between cuticular components, i.e., the anal and adanal plates, with common and obvious examples being members of Phthiracaroidea. But in most instances, there is evidence that the segment itself is not lost; this might be clear from the unsclerotized paraprocts of juveniles, or in the continued presence of anal setae or their vestiges. In several genera of the enarthronote family
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<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFD5AB094FCE1FE00" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1916" box="[714,876,471,495]" class="Arachnida" family="Lohmanniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lohmanniidae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFCE1B09BFC64FE00" authorityName="Grandjean" authorityYear="1950" box="[881,1001,472,495]" class="Arachnida" family="Lohmanniidae" genus="Torpacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFCE1B09BFC64FE00" box="[881,1001,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">Torpacarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(,
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<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFC69B09BFBE8FE00" authorityName="Balogh" authorityYear="1961" box="[1017,1125,472,495]" class="Arachnida" family="Lohmanniidae" genus="Javacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFC69B09BFBE8FE00" box="[1017,1125,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">Javacarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFBE5B09BFB63FE00" authorityName="Woolley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1141,1262,472,495]" class="Arachnida" family="Lohmanniidae" genus="Euryacarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFBE5B09BFB63FE00" box="[1141,1262,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">Euryacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) no clear anal plate is discernible and no unequivocal anal setae are present. These represent the culmination of trends in plate fusion and setal reductions that are seen throughout the family, as indicated by the presence of clear intermediate states (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2BF61CFC3CB37CFBE6FDB8" author="Grandjean F." box="[940,1131,575,599]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" pagination="95 - 162" refId="ref50223" refString="Grandjean F. 1950 b. Etude sur les Lohmanniidae (Oribates, Acariens). Arch. Zool. exp. gen., 87: 95 - 162." type="journal article" year="1950">Grandjean 1950b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2BF61CFBE6B37CFA8AFDB8" author="Balogh J." box="[1142,1287,575,599]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" pagination="243 - 344" refId="ref47822" refString="Balogh J. 1961. Identification keys of world oribatid (Acari) families and genera. Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hung., 7: 243 - 344." type="journal article" year="1961">Balogh 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2BF61CFA8BB37CFA6AFDB8" author="Grandjean F." box="[1307,1511,575,599]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" pagination="95 - 162" refId="ref50223" refString="Grandjean F. 1950 b. Etude sur les Lohmanniidae (Oribates, Acariens). Arch. Zool. exp. gen., 87: 95 - 162." type="journal article" year="1950">Grandjean (1950b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C748B2558D2BF61CFE7BB322FA6AFD73" blockId="44.[491,1544,229,1220]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">
|
||
suggested that segment
|
||
<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFD7BB322FC80FD96" box="[747,781,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">AN</emphasis>
|
||
is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFC09B321FB9CFD96" authorityName="Grandjean" authorityYear="1950" box="[921,1041,610,633]" class="Arachnida" family="Lohmanniidae" genus="Torpacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFC09B321FB9CFD96" box="[921,1041,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">Torpacarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we disagree. We interpret the small fifth seta that forms anteriorly on the paraprocts of the deutonymph (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2BF61CFB4CB3C7FA6CFD73" author="Bischoff de Alzuet A." box="[1244,1505,644,668]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" pagination="101 - 104" refId="ref48510" refString="Bischoff de Alzuet A. 1971. Estudio comparativo de la region genito-anal en los distintos estados de Torpacarus omittens Grandjean (Acari: Lohmanniidae). Rev. Soc. Ent. Argentina, 33: 101 - 104." type="journal article" year="1971">Bischoff de Alzuet 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C748B2558D2BF61CFE7BB3E4FA86FD0E" blockId="44.[491,1544,229,1220]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">
|
||
as the anterior anal seta; in some other lohmanniids this seta is positioned at the anterior end when the plate is clearly present (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFC13B38AFA8CFD0E" authority="Mahunka, 1987" authorityName="Mahunka" authorityYear="1987" box="[899,1281,713,737]" class="Arachnida" family="Lohmanniidae" genus="Haplacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFC13B38AFBD7FD0E" box="[899,1114,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">Haplacarus rugosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2BF61CFBF2B38AFA8CFD0E" author="Mahunka S." box="[1122,1281,713,737]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" pagination="765 - 817" refId="ref52344" refString="Mahunka S. 1987. New and interesting mites from the Geneva Museum. LX. Oribatids from Sabah (East Malaysia). II. Acari Oribatida. Rev. suisse Zool., 94: 765 - 817. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79551" type="journal article" year="1987">Mahunka, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C748B2558D2BF61CFD83B3AFFA40FCC9" blockId="44.[491,1544,229,1220]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">The trend toward loss of independence of the anal plates from adanal plates, and the regression or loss of anal setae, seems to have been established early in the evolution of</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C748B2558D2BF61CFE7BB272FA5AFC84" blockId="44.[491,1544,229,1220]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFE7BB272FD33FCA6" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1910" box="[491,702,817,841]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1053" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hypochthonioidea">Hypochthonioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFCA4B272FC5BFCA6" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1916" box="[820,982,817,841]" class="Arachnida" family="Lohmanniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lohmanniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2BF61CFBADB272FB45FCA6" author="Norton R. A." box="[1085,1224,817,841]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" pagination="9 - 16" refId="ref53192" refString="Norton R. A. 2010. Systematic relationships of Lohmanniidae (Acari: Oribatida). In: Sabelis M. W., Bruin J. (Eds). Trends in Acarology. Proceedings of the th 12 International Congress. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 9 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 90 - 481 - 9837 - 5 _ 2" type="book chapter" year="2010">Norton 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). But in most instances the segment itself probably does not disappear. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFC4DB210FAC5FC84" box="[989,1352,851,875]" class="Arachnida" family="Hypochthoniidae" genus="Eohypochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neoatrichosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFC4DB210FB11FC84" box="[989,1180,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">Eohypochthonius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFB35B210FAB3FC84" box="[1189,1342,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">Neoatrichosus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C748B2558D2BF61CFE7BB235FDB3FBF7" blockId="44.[491,1544,229,1220]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">
|
||
the anal segment clearly appears in the deutonymph, even though the anal plate is vestigial in the adult (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2BF61CFD10B2DBFCA2FC5F" author="Fernandez N. A." box="[640,815,920,944]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" pagination="95 - 106" refId="ref49174" refString="Fernandez N. A. 1984. Contribution a la connaissance de la faune Oribatologique d'Argentine. VI. Eohypochthonius (Neoatrichosus) travei nov. sub-gen., nov. sp. Acarologia, 25: 95 - 106." type="journal article" year="1984">Fernandez 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This trend suggests the existence of a long-term selective pressure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFDF5B2F8FCB5FC3C" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1910" box="[613,824,955,979]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1053" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Hypochthonioidea">Hypochthonioidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may relate to reducing articulations that are vulnerable to predators, or that represent unnecessary flex points which reduce the efficiency of hydrostatic control.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C748B2558D2BF61CFD83B561FDE1FB2B" blockId="44.[491,1544,229,1220]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">
|
||
The suppression of
|
||
<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFD72B561FC89FBD5" box="[738,772,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">AN</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFCB6B561FC6CFBD5" authorityName="Norton K & ErmilovK" authorityYear="2022" box="[806,993,1058,1082]" class="Arachnida" family="Eulohmanniidae" genus="Paedolohmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFCB6B561FC6CFBD5" box="[806,993,1058,1082]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">Paedolohmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems fundamentally different: normal segmental addition is abruptly curtailed and the neotenic retention of a protonymphal segmentation results in paedomorphosis. The hypochthonioid family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFBC7B524FAB7FB90" authorityName="Fuangarworn & Norton" authorityYear="2013" box="[1111,1338,1127,1151]" class="Arachnida" family="Psammochthoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psammochthoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided the first clear oribatid mite example (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A366CFA48D2BF61CFCB3B5C9FBF9FB4D" author="Fuangarworn M. & Norton R. A." box="[803,1140,1162,1186]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" pagination="473 - 499" refId="ref49215" refString="Fuangarworn M., Norton R. A. 2013. Psammochthoniidae n. fam., a paedomorphic family of oribatid mites (Oribatida: Enarthronota) from sandy soil in Thailand, Brazil and the USA. Zootaxa, 3691: 473 - 499. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3691.4.7" type="journal article" year="2013">Fuangarworn and Norton 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F7C9D68D2BF61CFB38B5C9FAE8FB4D" authorityName="Norton K & ErmilovK" authorityYear="2022" box="[1192,1381,1162,1186]" class="Arachnida" family="Eulohmanniidae" genus="Paedolohmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5836E478D2BF61CFB38B5C9FAE8FB4D" box="[1192,1381,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1032">Paedolohmannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents the second.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |