treatments-xml/data/49/5A/DB/495ADBE3F46C094D76254119EE94FAEE.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="495ADBE3F46C094D76254119EE94FAEE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma confusum Pirie 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139101010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>112</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>141</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-112-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1911101</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201257" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:495ADBE3F46C094D76254119EE94FAEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/495ADBE3F46C094D76254119EE94FAEE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
10. 
<taxonomicName LSID="495ADBE3-F46C-094D-7625-4119EE94FAEE" authority="Pirie" authorityName="Pirie" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusum" status="sp. nov.">Cremastosperma confusum Pirie</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 18. Cremastosperma confusum Pirie. a fruiting and flowering specimen b flower (a Smith, S. et al. 1578 b Smith, S. et al. 794)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245307" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 6" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Map 6. Distribution of Cremastosperma confusum Pirie, C. leiophyllum R. E. Fr.; and C. oblongum R. E. Fr." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245306" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pirie" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which produces effectively indistinguishable small fruits on slender pedicels. 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the flower buds, which open in development, unlike in 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which flower buds remain closed with a characteristic roughly triangular shape. The flowers of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more similar to those of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs in the shape and colour of the monocarps, which, unlike those of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, do not dry black and are not asymmetrical.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
PERU, Madre de Dios: Tambopata, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Explorer’s">Explorer's</normalizedToken>
Inn, near the confluence of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Tambopata and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
La Torre, 39 km SW of Puerto Maldonado, along the Big Tree Trail, 21 Jan 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Smith, S.F. et al. 1578</emphasis>
(holotype: USM; isotypes: U! [U0012270], NY).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
or 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">shrub</emphasis>
3-8 m tall, 3-20 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.3 mm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 7-10 by 1.5-3 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–28(–">-28(-</normalizedToken>
34) by 7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–10(–">-10(-</normalizedToken>
12) cm (index 1.9-3.5), chartaceous to coriaceous, green (or greenish-brown), darker above, lighter or more brown with darker or reddish veins below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.3 mm long particularly on veins below, base acute to obtuse (rarely rounded), apex acuminate (acumen 6-20 mm long), primary vein 1.5-3 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7-10, intersecondary veins 0-1, distance between from 11-20 mm at the base to 12-32 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 70-80° at the base to 40-50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, mostly forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-5 mm, tertiary veins mostly percurrent. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
of single (very rarely branching) flowers, solitary, axillary on leafy or leafless twigs or thicker branches; peduncles (1-)3-5 by 1-2 mm (in flower), 3-9 by ca. 2 mm (in fruit), rather densely covered with appressed to erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; pedicels 20 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–45(–">-45(-</normalizedToken>
70) by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 22-80 by 1-2.5 mm (in fruit), pink, purple or reddish 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, glabrous; 2 lower bracts of unequal dimensions, basal lower bract depressed ovate, ca. 0.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, sometimes persistent, densely covered with appressed to erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long, apical lower bract elliptic, ca. 1.5 by 1 mm, obtuse, sometimes persistent, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed to erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along pedicel, (broadly) ovate, 1.5-2 by ca. 1-1.5 mm, obtuse or rounded, persistent, sparsely covered with appressed to erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening in development; flowers green maturing to yellow or white and yellowish at base 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, dark to yellowish light brown sometimes tinged with red, darker at the base 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, sepals and petals glabrous; sepals free, deltate to triangular, appressed to recurved, ca. 3 by 2-3 mm, acute or obtuse, soon falling off or sometimes briefly persistent; outer petals elliptic, 14-17 by 6-8 mm, inner petals elliptic to narrowly so, 16-17 by 5-7 mm; androecium ca. 6 mm diam., connective appendage to 0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1.5 mm diam., carpels glabrous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
10 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–25(–">-25(-</normalizedToken>
32), ellipsoid (broadly so when immature), slightly asymmetrical, 8-12 by 6-8 mm, green maturing to greenish-purple and brown 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, light to dark brown or blackish 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, with an excentric apicule; stipes 8-13 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-10 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
ellipsoid, light brown, shallowly pitted, ca. 11 by 6 mm, raphe sunken, regular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bolivia (La Paz), Peru (Cuzco, Madre de Dios).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Primary and secondary moist and wet forest, occasionally on floodplains. At elevations of 210-670 m. Flowering: August - December; fruiting: January - May, August and October.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A number of the specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pirie" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have in the past been identified as 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two well known species found relatively nearby in Bolivia and widespread across Bolivia, Brazil and Peru, respectively. The distributions of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not overlap, but in the area of Madre de Dios and adjacent La Paz, Bolivia, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. monospermum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="monospermum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. monospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may both occur and, in this area in particular, non-flowering specimens of the two are often not discernible. These species are closely related as well as morphologically similar and further data to test their boundaries and the potential for gene-flow between species/populations are warranted. Variation in the size, shape and texture of leaves and length of pedicel of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is relatively wide, with specimens collected in Cuzco in particular exhibiting larger leaves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The species is named 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the past confusion caused by its similarities to different other nearby species and the lack of unambiguous diagnostic characters for the fruiting material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pirie" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, found in southern Peru and the Las Paz region in northern Bolivia, has a fairly wide EOO and is not uncommon. It is also found within protected areas. Least concern [LC] (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BOLIVIA. La Paz</emphasis>
: Ixiamas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="-13.142777">13°08'34&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-68.06639">68°03'59&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 18 October 2009, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Couvreur 159</emphasis>
(L, NY); Ixiamas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-13.010834">13°00'39&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="-68.07139">68°04'17&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 29 October 2009, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Couvreur 262</emphasis>
(L, NY); Ixiamas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-13.987778">13°59'16&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-67.80667">67°48'24&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 29 October 2009, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Couvreur 267</emphasis>
(L, NY). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PERU. Cuzco</emphasis>
: Camisea, Campamento San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín-C">Martin-C</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-11.785556">11°47'08&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-72.699165">72°41'57&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 467 m a.s.l., 12 January 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acevedo-Rodríguez">Acevedo-Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
et al. 8635
</emphasis>
(MO, P, U, USM); Prov. Cuzco (locality unknown), 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-11.783334">11°47'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-72.699165">72°41'57&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 467 m a.s.l., 26 Jan 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acevedo-Rodríguez">Acevedo-Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
et al. 9132
</emphasis>
(USM); La 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Convención">Convencion</normalizedToken>
, Manguyari, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.783334">12°47'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.666664">72°40'W</geoCoordinate>
, 670 m a.s.l., 3 Feb 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
Vargas et al. 10146
</emphasis>
(MO, U); Camanti, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.216666">13°13'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.75">70°45'W</geoCoordinate>
, 643 m a.s.l., 18 Feb 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
Vargas 12951
</emphasis>
(U, USM); La 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Convención">Convencion</normalizedToken>
, Distr. Echarati, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-11.683333">11°41'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.0">73°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 350 m a.s.l., 18 Apr 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
Vargas, et al. 21737
</emphasis>
(USM); Camanti, Maniri, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.283334">13°17'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.8">70°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 720 m a.s.l., 15 Oct 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Timaná">Timana</normalizedToken>
1010
</emphasis>
(MO); Camanti, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-13.288611">13°17'19&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-70.77417">70°46'27&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 26 Feb 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valenzuela Gamarra, L et al. 8643</emphasis>
(CUZ, HUT, MO, USM). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Madre de Dios</emphasis>
: Parque Nacional Manu, Cocha Cashu, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-11.866667">11°52'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.36667">71°22'W</geoCoordinate>
, 29 Sep 1976, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Foster</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terborgh 5083</emphasis>
(US); Parque Nacional Manu, Tayakome, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-11.683333">11°41'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.6">71°36'W</geoCoordinate>
, 350-400 m a.s.l., 28 Sep 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Foster</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Achille 11495</emphasis>
(U, USM); Tambopata Reserve, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Tambopata, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.833333">12°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.28333">69°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m a.s.l., 5 Mar 1981, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gentry et al. 32009</emphasis>
(MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Shintuya-Salvación">Shintuya-Salvacion</normalizedToken>
road, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.666667">12°40'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.25">71°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 500 m a.s.l., 14 May 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mallet 6450</emphasis>
(F, NY, US); Las Piedras, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-12.606389">12°36'23&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-69.081665">69°04'54&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 17 Aug 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Suclli</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huamantupa 1943</emphasis>
(MO); Tambopata Reserve, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Explorer’s">Explorer's</normalizedToken>
Inn, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.783334">12°47'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.683334">69°41'W</geoCoordinate>
, 270 m a.s.l., 21 Sep 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
et al. 25605
</emphasis>
(L, MO, MOL); Tambopata Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.25">12°15'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.28333">69°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, 260 m a.s.l., 21 Nov 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Young</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stratton 219</emphasis>
(MO, U). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puno</emphasis>
: Ridge between 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Candamo and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Guacamayo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.5">13°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.833336">69°50'W</geoCoordinate>
, 400-600 m a.s.l., 22 May 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gentry et al. 76947</emphasis>
(MO).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911449" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245306" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Map 6" startId="F23">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Map 6.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pirie" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pirie, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. leiophyllum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="leiophyllum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. leiophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr.; and 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. oblongum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="oblongum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. oblongum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911183" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245307" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 18" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pirie" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma confusum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confusum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma confusum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pirie. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
fruiting and flowering specimen 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
flower (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Smith, S. et al. 1578</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Smith, S. et al. 794</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>