173 lines
21 KiB
XML
173 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="BDBF342EC1259E00D41DBC832F691492" ID-CLB-Dataset="5844" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2001)352<0001:CAITIC>2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2555a8fd-0c3a-4250-a5bd-976964a1bc11" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4712154" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619135028176" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="ASHER, ROBERT J." docDate="2001" docId="32775073FFCFFF8B8F08FD5D246AFE6C" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2001.3352.1-54.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3352" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282001%29352%3C0001%3ACAITIC%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geogale aurita Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="CE4E280BFFEFFFA98C11FF842038FFAF" masterDocTitle="Cranial Anatomy in Tenrecid Insectivorans: Character Evolution Across Competing Phylogenies" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698937410518" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="39BDADC89A8F171B452EAB4342C60FF6">Cranial Anatomy in Tenrecid Insectivorans: Character Evolution Across Competing Phylogenies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A11655559CD381E27D11ECD625F74EDB">ASHER, ROBERT J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7684D201E82A92ED51A88002F0013F7E">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5DA504E247570D4144835D992E0E54B2">
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<mods:date id="BEB8C21339D75414C748A150D4CD9BD1">2001</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A56BDBBA2858CF79AF3CDE16990AC186">2001-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="32567D0A48213DB34E1AE169DFA51CA7" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2001)352<0001:CAITIC>2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="32775073FFCFFF8B8F08FD5D246AFE6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057065" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057065" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:32775073FFCFFF8B8F08FD5D246AFE6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/32775073FFCFFF8B8F08FD5D246AFE6C" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="F2C4B2EEFFCFFF8B8F08FD5D246AFE6C" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<subSubSection id="F2C4B2EEFFCFFF898F08FD5D23C1FCA2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCFFF898F08FD5D23C1FCA2" blockId="32.[793,1145,728,781]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCFFF898F08FD5D23F4FD5F" ID-CoL="3FPQS" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" box="[793,972,729,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCFFF898F08FD5D23F4FD5F" box="[793,972,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Geogale aurita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MCZ 45499; fig. 28)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2C4B2EEFFCFFF8B8EF2FCA3246AFE6C" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCFFF898EF2FCA3233CFABC" blockId="32.[710,1239,807,1741]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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The vomeronasal organ of
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCFFF89885CFCA32497FC91" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" box="[1101,1199,807,830]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCFFF89885CFCA32497FC91" box="[1101,1199,807,830]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Geogale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is small compared to that of
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCFFF898809FCC12494FCF3" box="[1048,1196,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCFFF898809FCC12490FCF3" authorityName="Du Chaillu" authorityYear="1860" box="[1048,1192,837,860]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Potamogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamogale</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Its anteriormost point is directly over the posterior margin of the palatine papilla. Instead of traversing a large portion of the nasal floor as in
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCFFF898F16FC3E23A2FC7E" box="[775,922,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCFFF898F16FC3E23AEFC7E" authorityName="Du Chaillu" authorityYear="1860" box="[775,918,954,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Potamogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Potamogale</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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the vomeronasal organ tapers to a posterior terminus at about the same transverse plane as the third upper incisor— roughly
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<quantity id="7D264C80FFCFFF898F3AFB962348FB86" box="[811,880,1042,1065]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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posterior to its starting point. In the postnatal MCZ 45499, it comprises about 10% of nasal capsule length (about
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<quantity id="7D264C80FFCFFF8988A8FBC822CDFB2E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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) and 8% of head length (
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<quantity id="7D264C80FFCFFF898823FBEE24B5FB2E" box="[1074,1165,1130,1153]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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). Proportions are similar in the larger ZIUT individual (SVL
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<quantity id="7D264C80FFCFFF898F79FB2023FCFB14" box="[872,964,1188,1211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
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): the 1.2mm vomeronasal organ comprises 9% of nasal capsule length (
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<quantity id="7D264C80FFCFFF898F31FB5B23B4FB59" box="[800,908,1247,1270]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="14.3">14.3 mm</quantity>
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) and 6% of head length (
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<quantity id="7D264C80FFCFFF8988A9FB5B22C0FABC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCFFF888EF2FA9E21D8F93C" blockId="32.[710,1239,807,1741]" lastBlockId="33.[128,658,1542,1742]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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The vomeronasal organ itself is kidneyshaped and laterally concave. Blood vessels are conspicuous dorsolateral and ventromedial to the vomeronasal organ. The paraseptal cartilages are most evident ventral to the vomeronasal organ along its length and are reduced medially. Relative to other animals examined here, there is very little space between the vomeronasal organ on each side of the septum. In other taxa, a dorsally extending flange of the paraseptal cartilage contributes to the space separating each half of the paired vomeronasal organ, whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCFFF89888DF9FF22C0F91F" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCFFF89888DF9FF22C0F91F" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Geogale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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bony elements of the nasal septum are evident medial to the vomeronasal organ (compare figs. 24 and 29 or slices 14.2.4 of
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCEFF888C91F9A02134F994" authorityName="Du Chaillu" authorityYear="1860" box="[128,268,1572,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Potamogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888C91F9A02134F994" box="[128,268,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Potamogale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and 8.5.5 of
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCEFF888DB9F9A02232F994" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" box="[424,522,1572,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888DB9F9A02232F994" box="[424,522,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Geogale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). This may be due to the advanced ontogenetic stage and consequent resorption of cartilage in the available
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCEFF888CE2F9F8216DF93C" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" box="[243,341,1660,1683]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888CE2F9F8216DF93C" box="[243,341,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Geogale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="EEA1B1EDFFCEFF888C8BFAE12485FA65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4712183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4712183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4712183/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[154,202,1381,1402]" targetBox="[135,1227,187,1360]" targetPageId="33">
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<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCEFF888C8BFAE12485FA65" blockId="33.[128,1233,1381,1483]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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Figs. 26–29. Nasal model (28) and coronal sections through palatine papilla (26, 27, 29);
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF88886DFAE124A5FAD5" bold="true" box="[1148,1181,1381,1402]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">26.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCEFF8888B7FAE2210AFA3A" class="Mammalia" family="Erinaceidae" genus="Erinaceus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Erinaceomorpha" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF8888B7FAE2210AFA3A" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Erinaceus concolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZIUT HL 35 mm), slice 32.1.1.
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888EA9FA0422E1FA3A" bold="true" box="[696,729,1408,1429]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">27.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCEFF888EF4FA04243AFA3A" authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1954" box="[741,1026,1408,1429]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Micropotamogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamottei">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888EF4FA04243AFA3A" box="[741,1026,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Micropotamogale lamottei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(IZEA 939), slice 32.1.2.
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888CC0FA1E20CAFA00" bold="true" box="[209,242,1434,1455]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">28.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCEFF888CEAFA1F21A4FA1F" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" box="[251,412,1435,1456]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888CEAFA1F21A4FA1F" box="[251,412,1435,1456]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Geogale aurita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MCZ 45499) anterior nasal region, lateral view. Doubleheaded arrow represents approximate plane of coronal section in fig. 29.
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888ECBFA3122C3FA65" bold="true" box="[730,763,1461,1482]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">29.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCEFF888F15FA32239DFA64" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" box="[772,933,1462,1483]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurita">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888F15FA32239DFA64" box="[772,933,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Geogale aurita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MCZ45499), slice 8.1.4.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCEFF888C8CF91D22D6F93C" blockId="33.[128,658,1542,1742]" lastBlockId="33.[704,1233,1542,1741]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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At the anterior margin of the vomeronasal organ of
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCEFF888CFCF933216FF961" box="[237,343,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCEFF888CFCF933216AF961" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" box="[237,338,1719,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Geogale</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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just dorsal to the nasopal atine duct, a small outer bar connects the ventrolateral and ventromedial components of the paraseptal cartilage, lying dorsal to the vomeronasal duct (e.g., slice 8.1.5; figs. 28, 29).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCEFF8B8ECCF91D2273FD97" blockId="33.[704,1233,1542,1741]" lastBlockId="34.[134,663,193,1741]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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Posterior to the anterior margin of the first upper incisors and continuing through the length of the premaxilla, the cartilaginous nasal septum consists of a single anteroposteriorly running cylinder, surrounded by ossifications of the premaxilla (slice 11.2.3). In this region the septum lacks a connection to the nasal roof. This condition may simply be a result of resorption of cartilage in a relatively wellossified postnatal individual, an interpretation supported by the observation that other adult specimens (e.g., IZEA 939 and AIG 1227
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCDFF8B8D53FE63222AFE51" authorityName="Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1954" box="[322,530,487,510]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Micropotamogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCDFF8B8D53FE63222AFE51" box="[322,530,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Micropotamogale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and ZIUT
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCDFF8B8C97FD8020F0FDB4" authorityName=", AIG" authorityYear="1227" box="[134,200,516,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCDFF8B8C97FD8020F0FDB4" box="[134,200,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Sorex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) also lack a cartilaginous septumroof connection in parts of the nasal fossa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCDFF8B8CB2FDBA2230FC37" blockId="34.[134,663,193,1741]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">At its anterior margin, the vomeronasal organ gives off a welldefined vomeronasal duct (slice 8.2.3; fig. 29), which enters the nasopalatine canal dorsally as the latter opens into the nasal fossa proper. As in most other taxa described here, the nasopalatine canal is paired, opening on either side of a welldefined palatine papilla (slice 7.5.5). A very small nasopalatine duct cartilage is evident along the lateral margin of the incisive foramina (slice 8.5.1), which shows no connection to other nasal cartilages.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCDFF8B8CB2FC1A215AFB2C" blockId="34.[134,663,193,1741]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Within the palatine papilla is a cartilaginous body (slice 8.1.4; fig. 29), ending anteriorly in two points. Although ubiquitous among marsupials (SánchezVillagra, 2001), this papillary cartilage has been observed in relatively few placental taxa, such as
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<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCDFF8B8E77FBB520C1FBC9" authorityName="Thomas & Schwann" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Elephantulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCDFF8B8E77FBB520C1FBC9" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Elephantulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCDFF8B8D59FBCB21A2FBC9" authorityName="Raffles" authorityYear="1821" box="[328,410,1103,1126]" class="Mammalia" family="Tupaiidae" genus="Tupaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scandentia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCDFF8B8D59FBCB21A2FBC9" box="[328,410,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tupaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WöhrmannRepenning, 1984, 1987).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCDFF8B8CB2FB0D2215FA24" blockId="34.[134,663,193,1741]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Just anterior to the rostral openings of the vomeronasal ducts is the inferior septal ridge, a laterally projecting flap of epithelial tissue, closely associated with the posterior margin of the anterior transverse lamina (slice 7.2.4). This structure extends ventrolaterally out from the posterior tip of the medial arm of the anterior transverse lamina, and supports both glandular and olfactory tissue.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCDFF8B8CB2FA1520CAF9F7" blockId="34.[134,663,193,1741]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">The lack of prominent medial processes of the paraseptal cartilage contributes to the absence of a connection between it and the anterior transverse lamina. That is, the nasal cavity floor anterior to the vomeronasal duct is not broadly continuous with the paraseptal cartilage.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCDFF8B8CB2F9DB2329FF5A" blockId="34.[134,663,193,1741]" lastBlockId="34.[710,1239,193,451]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCDFF8B8CB2F9DB213DF9D9" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" box="[163,261,1631,1654]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCDFF8B8CB2F9DB213DF9D9" box="[163,261,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Geogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also displays a complete zona annularis, that is, continuity between the nasal septum, anterior transverse lamina, and nasal sidewall for a short distance immediately an terior to the first upper incisor (e.g., slice 4.4.3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA61E165FFCDFF8B8EF2FF78246AFE6C" blockId="34.[710,1239,193,451]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DDE9AE6FFCDFF8B8EF2FF78237DFEBC" authorityName="Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier" authorityYear="1872" box="[739,837,252,275]" class="Mammalia" family="Tenrecidae" genus="Geogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Afrosoricida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88AA3D77FFCDFF8B8EF2FF78237DFEBC" box="[739,837,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Geogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits relatively large superior alar processes, located just posterior to the external nares, that serve as the site of origin of several facial muscles (e.g., slice 3.4.4). The alar processes are broadly connected to the nasal floor ventrally and show a narrow alicupular commissure anteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |