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<mods:title id="8FDA9625267D98B0A9F720F9DC3AB971">Fantastic beasts and how to delimit them: an integrative approach using multispecies coalescent methods reveals two new, endemic Dugesia species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from Corsica and Sardinia</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="D65035FA34564E7E22C58DB0B4E3EDDC">Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain &amp; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="C717C4157C7DA62CFC6AD224E678FCA1" bold="true" box="[978,1291,796,823]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7DA62CFC6AD224E678FCA1" ID-CoL="37ZT7" authority="Lepori, 1951" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[978,1291,796,823]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7DA62CFC6AD224E678FCA1" bold="true" box="[978,1291,796,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7DA62CFC6AD224E70EFCA0" bold="true" box="[978,1149,796,823]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dugesia benazzii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C7DA62CFB39D224E678FCA1" author="Lepori NG" box="[1153,1291,796,822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="28 - 47" refId="ref22130" refString="Lepori NG. Sulle caraueristiche morfologiche e sulla posizione sistematica della planaria di Sardegna e Corsica gia ascriua a Dugesia (= Euplanaria) gonocephala (Duges). Ati Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali 1951; 58: 28 - 47." type="journal article" year="1951">Lepori, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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Features of 
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: Finger-shaped penis papilla; central course of the ejaculatory duct, opening terminally at the tip of the penis papilla; conical diaphragm; symmetrical openings of the oviducts into the bursal canal; common genital atrium; penial fold devoid of a lumen, localized on the less side to the penis papilla.
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<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7DA62CFC92D50EE098FBD9" box="[810,1003,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined:</emphasis>
Individuals from populations 2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 16 (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7DA62CFC48D56DE75AFBFA" box="[1008,1065,1109,1133]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[129,194,1314,1338]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,150,1284]" captionTargetId="graphics-313@2.[207,1473,158,1240]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. A, sampling localities of the present study.Numbers correspond to population codes listed in Appendix, Table A1 and coincide with those in Dols-Serrate et al.(2020). Red circles indicate populations used for morphological analyses. B, rectangular inset:enlargement of the Bunnari–Mascari confluence area. Ŋe map was created using Q-GIS v.3.2.2 (hưps://qgis.org/es/site/ last accessed September 2023) and edited in ILLUSTÞTOR CC v.22.0.1 (hưps://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html last accessed September 2023)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306532/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) were analysed molecularly; GenBank accession numbers are detailed in the Appendix 
<tableCitation id="D16246C27C7DA62CFAF2D54DE6DDFB1A" box="[1354,1454,1141,1165]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[113,168,1063,1087]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. List of specific primers used for amplification and sequencing in the present study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C89F23F17C75A624FFC9D51FE0BBFBA8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="C89F23F17C75A624FFC9D51FE0BBFBA8">Table A1</tableCitation>
. Animals examined histologically were: 
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<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7DA62CFB75D5ACE662FB3B" box="[1229,1297,1172,1196]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CGAS</collectionCode>
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25. 1, 
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su 
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, locality 13, 
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basin (40°43ʹ55ʹʹN, 9°08ʹ36ʹʹE), 
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, 
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<collectingDate id="F81AAC517C7DA62CFBADD5EBE7C3FB7C" box="[1045,1200,1235,1259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1993-04-28">28 April 1993</collectingDate>
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, coll. 
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and 
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, sagiưal sections on nine slides
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; 
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<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7DA62CFB6ED5CAE669FA9D" box="[1238,1306,1266,1290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CGAS</collectionCode>
<location id="993F25A27C7DA62CFAA7D5CAE64CFA9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1449C26F7C7DA637FC6AD224E079F971:993F25A27C7DA62CFAA7D5CAE64CFA9D" box="[1311,1343,1266,1290]" name="Pla" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pla</location>
25. 2, ibid., sagiưal sections on 12 slides
</materialsCitation>
; 
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25. 3, ibid., transverse sections on 15 slides
</materialsCitation>
; 
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<location id="993F25A27C7DA62CFBEDD409E706FADE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1449C26F7C7DA637FC6AD224E079F971:993F25A27C7DA62CFBEDD409E706FADE" box="[1109,1141,1329,1353]" name="Pla" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pla</location>
25. 4, ibid., transverse sections on seven slides
</materialsCitation>
; 
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<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7DA62CFC6FD468E768FAFF" box="[983,1051,1360,1384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CGAS</collectionCode>
<location id="993F25A27C7DA62CFB9CD468E737FAFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1449C26F7C7DA637FC6AD224E079F971:993F25A27C7DA62CFB9CD468E737FAFF" box="[1060,1092,1360,1384]" name="Pla" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pla</location>
25. 5, ibid., horizontal sections on six slides
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="2C8879247C7DA62CFC2DD457E6DCFA10" box="[917,1455,1391,1415]" collectingDate="1993-04-28" collectionCode="CGAS" collectorName="M. Pala &amp; G. A. Stocchino" county="Pla" location="Pla" municipality="Rio" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">
<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7DA62CFC2DD457E0AAFA10" box="[917,985,1391,1415]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CGAS</collectionCode>
<location id="993F25A27C7DA62CFC59D457E772FA10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1449C26F7C7DA637FC6AD224E079F971:993F25A27C7DA62CFC59D457E772FA10" box="[993,1025,1391,1415]" name="Pla" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pla</location>
25. 6, ibid., sagiưal sections on 20 slides
</materialsCitation>
; 
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<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7DA62CFC92D4B6E008FA31" box="[810,891,1422,1446]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
.VER.21055.1, ibid., sagiưal sections on 16 slides
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="2C8879247C7DA62CFC92D496E763F9B3" collectingDate="1993-04-28" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Su Rizzolu" county="Pla" location="Karyological" municipality="Rio" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">
<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7DA62CFC92D496E009FA51" box="[810,890,1454,1478]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
.VER.21055.2, ibid., transverse sections on 16 slides. 
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information was extracted from 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C7DA62CFB4BD4F6E6DEFA72" author="Vacca T &amp; Casu S &amp; Pala M" box="[1267,1453,1485,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="59 - 73" refId="ref24405" refString="Vacca T, Casu S, Pala M. Popolamento planariologico dei fiumi del nord Sardegna: 2. I cariotipi dei tricladi d'acqua dolce rinvenuti nel bacino idrografico del fiume Coghinas. Bolletino della Societa Sarda di Scienze Naturali 1993; * 9: 59 - 73." type="journal article" year="1993">
Vacca 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7DA62CFA8AD4F6E613FA72" box="[1330,1376,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
. A karyogram of the 
<collectorName id="311516AF7C7DA62CFC44D4D5E718F993" box="[1020,1131,1516,1541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Su Rizzolu</collectorName>
population is here reported for the first time (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7DA62CFC04D734E777F9B3" box="[956,1028,1548,1572]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[114,179,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[136,730,1703,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-941@11.[134,742,1699,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Karyogram of (A) Dugesia benazzii s.s. from Su Rizzolu River (Oưi, loc. 13) and (B) Dugesia hoidi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306542/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D4FA20F27C7DA637FC92D77EE079F971" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7DA62BFC92D77EE157FE14" blockId="11.[810,1460,1605,1974]" lastBlockId="12.[129,778,144,387]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7DA62CFC92D77EE0E3F9CA" box="[810,912,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Molecularly, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7DA62CFB8CD77EE792F9CA" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[1076,1249,1605,1629]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7DA62CFB8CD77EE792F9CA" box="[1076,1249,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dugesia benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises individuals that are identified as a single evolutionary unit together with individuals from populations 2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 16, when using the coalescence-based method BPP with the loci and seưings detailed in the present study’s Materials and methods section or equivalent molecular delimitation analyses. Morphologically, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7DA62CFC5BD63AE726F88E" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[995,1109,1793,1817]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7DA62CFC5BD63AE726F88E" box="[995,1109,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D. benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the presence of the following features: finger-shaped penis papilla; central course of the ejaculatory duct, opening terminally at the tip of the penis papilla; conical diaphragm positioned at the base of the penis papilla; asymmetrical course of the vasa deferentia into the penis bulb, with the right sperm duct running dorso-laterally to the less one, which runs ventro-laterally; asymmetrical openings of the vasa deferentia into the posterior section of the seminal vesicle, close to the diaphragm; symmetrical openings of the oviducts into the bursal canal; ectal reinforcement confined to the posterior tract of the vaginal area of the bursal canal; angled bursal canal; penial fold of the parenchymatic-muscular 
<typeStatus id="435BCDDB7C7AA62BFD6ED015E075FED2" box="[726,774,301,325]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
. Karyology: 2n = 16; chromosome pairs all metacentric, except chromosome 7, which is submetacentric.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C89F23F17C7DA62CFFCAD6BEE172F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306542/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[114,179,1926,1950]" targetBox="[136,730,1703,1897]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7DA62CFFCAD6BEE172F82C" blockId="11.[113,726,1926,1979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7DA62CFFCAD6BEE3B9F808" bold="true" box="[114,202,1926,1951]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Karyogram of (A) 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7DA62CFEC7D6BFE16BF808" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[383,536,1927,1951]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7DA62CFEC7D6BFE16BF808" box="[383,536,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dugesia benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5A712107C7DA62CFDA5D6BFE14AF809" box="[541,569,1927,1950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Su Rizzolu River (Oưi, loc. 13) and (B) 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7DA62CFE38D69BE28EF82C" authorityName="Dols &amp; Serrate, Stocchino &amp; Riutort" authorityYear="2024" box="[384,509,1955,1979]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hoidi">Dugesia hoidi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFF39D09DE1D3FDCE" blockId="12.[129,778,421,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7AA62BFF39D09DE2E5FE2A" box="[129,406,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Morphological redescription:</emphasis>
Inner and outer pharyngeal musculature bilayered, i.e. without an extra, third, outer longitudinal muscle layer in the inner sheath of muscles. Mouth opening located at the hind end of the pharyngeal pocket. Numerous ciliated protozoan parasites were present in the intestinal tract of most of the specimens examined (seven out of eight).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFF24D359E20BFCA2" blockId="12.[129,778,421,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Ŋe anterior portion of the oviducts is expanded into a tuba, which communicates with the dorsal part of the ovaries. From thereon, the infranucleated oviducts run ventrally in a caudal direction, immediately dorsal to the ventral nerve cords. Posterior to the genital pore, the oviducts recurve anteriad to open separately and symmetrically into the vaginal portion of the bursal canal (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFE97D225E214FCA3" box="[303,359,797,821]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[115,1454,145,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[114,1458,144,1810]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing the penis bulb (pb), penis papilla (pp) with conical, pointed diaphragm (d), ejaculatory duct (ed), penial fold (pf), and ‘angled’ bursal canal (abc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306544/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFF24D204E2A5FC25" blockId="12.[129,778,421,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ŋe numerous mature testes are situated dorsally on either side of the body and extend from the level of the ovaries to the posterior end of the body. Vitellaria are located between the testes and the intestinal branches.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFF24D282E24DFAFF" blockId="12.[129,778,421,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Ŋe very large, lobated and sac-shaped copulatory bursa occupies the entire dorso-ventral space; it is lined with a vacuolated, columnar, and glandular epithelium with basal nuclei and is surrounded by a layer of muscles. A spermatophore, filled with sperm, as well as free sperm, were present in the bursa of specimen 
<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7AA62BFEB2D56EE23DFBF9" box="[266,334,1110,1134]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CGAS</collectionCode>
Pla 25. 1, together with ciliated parasites (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFF33D54DE3B6FB1A" box="[139,197,1141,1165]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[129,194,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[142,765,144,882]" captionTargetId="figure-554@14.[141,765,144,882]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1. Photomicrograph of the copulatory bursa with a ciliate parasite (cp) and a spermatophore (sp) in a sagiưal section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306547/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Ŋese protozoans infested also the lumen of the copulatory bursa in four of the other 
<specimenCount id="8AE6B8F07C7AA62BFE69D5ADE10FFB3B" box="[465,636,1172,1196]" count="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
examined. In specimen 
<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7AA62BFF53D58CE25CFB5B" box="[235,303,1204,1228]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CGAS</collectionCode>
Pla 25. 5, parasites were present also in the bursal canal. On the basis of their general morphology and presence of a macronucleus with three micronuclei, these protozoans, infesting both the gut and the copulatory bursa, can be aưributed to the species 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7AA62BFEC7D409E249FAFF" authority="(von Siebold, 1839) Stein, 1867" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="von Siebold" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="planariarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7AA62BFEC7D409E10AFADE" box="[383,633,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Haptophrya planariarum</emphasis>
(von Siebold, 1839) Stein, 1867
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFF24D448E2ECF8A9" blockId="12.[129,778,421,1980]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
From the postero-dorsal wall of the bursa, the bursal canal runs in a caudal direction to the less side of the copulatory apparatus, extending beyond the penis and the genital pore. Posterior to the gonopore, the bursal canal shows a knee-shaped, anteroventrally directed bend, thus forming a so-called ‘angled bursal canal’; hereasser, it opens through the roof of the common genital atrium. Ŋe bursal canal is lined with cylindrical, infranucleated, ciliated cells and is surrounded by a subepithelial layer of longitudinal muscles, followed by a layer of circular muscle. Ectal reinforcement with longitudinal muscles is confined to the posterior tract of the vaginal portion of the bursal canal. Free sperm were present in the bursal canal of specimen 
<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7AA62BFDE3D7F0E1ECF977" box="[603,671,1736,1760]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CGAS</collectionCode>
Pla 25. 1. Abundant shell glands discharge their erythrophil secretion into the vaginal section of the bursal canal, just ventrally to the oviducal openings (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFE92D61EE215F8A9" box="[298,358,1830,1854]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[115,1454,145,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[114,1458,144,1810]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing the penis bulb (pb), penis papilla (pp) with conical, pointed diaphragm (d), ejaculatory duct (ed), penial fold (pf), and ‘angled’ bursal canal (abc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306544/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFEC9D61EE2FDF8A9" box="[369,398,1830,1854]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[825,890,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[838,1458,146,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-581@14.[837,1461,144,1152]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia benazzii s.s.: A, CGAS Pla 25. 6, photomicrograph showing the penial fold (pf) and the two atrial folds (af) in sagiưal section; B, CGAS Pla 25. 4, photomicrograph showing the penis papilla (pp) and the penial fold (pf) in transverse section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306549/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFF24D67EE6C1FE35" blockId="12.[129,778,421,1980]" lastBlockId="12.[825,1475,144,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Ŋe well-developed penis bulb consists of intermingled longitudinal and circular muscle fibres. Ŋe penis bulb houses a pleated seminal vesicle, lined with a nucleated epithelium (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFD5BD6BCE3FDF82C" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[115,1454,145,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[114,1458,144,1810]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing the penis bulb (pb), penis papilla (pp) with conical, pointed diaphragm (d), ejaculatory duct (ed), penial fold (pf), and ‘angled’ bursal canal (abc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306544/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Upon reaching the level of the penis bulb, the vasa deferentia curve dorso-medially and then asymmetrically penetrate the wall of the proximal, anterior section of the penis bulb, with the right sperm duct entering antero-dorsally and the less one anteroventrally. Once inside the bulb, the ducts run asymmetrically to reach the posterior portion of the seminal vesicle, close to the diaphragm. Ŋe sperm ducts open asymmetrically into the seminal vesicle, with the right vas deferens opening more dorsally to the less one (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFC04D053E080FE15" box="[956,1011,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[115,1454,145,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[114,1458,144,1810]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing the penis bulb (pb), penis papilla (pp) with conical, pointed diaphragm (d), ejaculatory duct (ed), penial fold (pf), and ‘angled’ bursal canal (abc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306544/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). In all specimens examined, the sperm ducts form well-developed spermiducal vesicles, packed with sperm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFCEDD092E67EFC8D" blockId="12.[825,1475,144,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Ŋe seminal vesicle opens into the ejaculatory duct via a large, conical diaphragm. Ŋis diaphragm, which is located approximately at the base of the penis papilla, receives the openings of penis glands. Ŋe finger-shaped, symmetrical penis papilla is covered by an infranucleated epithelium, which is underlain with a subepithelial layer of circular muscles, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres. Ŋe ejaculatory duct follows a central course through the penis papilla and has a terminal opening, while in its anterior tract it receives the openings of erythophil penial glands. Ŋe ejaculatory duct, which in all the specimens examined contained an empty spermatophore, is lined by a cuboidal, infranucleated epithelium (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFB23D23AE7A5FC8D" box="[1179,1238,770,794]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[115,1454,145,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[114,1458,144,1810]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing the penis bulb (pb), penis papilla (pp) with conical, pointed diaphragm (d), ejaculatory duct (ed), penial fold (pf), and ‘angled’ bursal canal (abc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306544/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFB59D23AE78EFC8D" box="[1249,1277,770,794]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[825,890,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[838,1458,146,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-581@14.[837,1461,144,1152]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia benazzii s.s.: A, CGAS Pla 25. 6, photomicrograph showing the penial fold (pf) and the two atrial folds (af) in sagiưal section; B, CGAS Pla 25. 4, photomicrograph showing the penis papilla (pp) and the penial fold (pf) in transverse section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306549/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFCEDD21AE7FCFB46" blockId="12.[825,1475,144,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
A very large penial fold of the parenchymatic-muscular 
<typeStatus id="435BCDDB7C7AA62BFA2CD21AE6B1FCAD" box="[1428,1474,802,826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
is situated dorso-laterally or laterally on the less side of the base of the penis papilla. Ŋe fold, with a length that is approximately three-quarters or one-half of that of the penis papilla, is either (i) almost independent of the penis papilla, or (ii) throughout its length aưached to the papilla. Ŋe penial fold is covered by an infranucleated epithelium, which is underlain with a subepithelial layer of circular muscles, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFB97D524E718FBA3" box="[1071,1131,1052,1076]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[115,1454,145,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[114,1458,144,1810]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing the penis bulb (pb), penis papilla (pp) with conical, pointed diaphragm (d), ejaculatory duct (ed), penial fold (pf), and ‘angled’ bursal canal (abc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306544/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFBCED524E7F0FBA3" box="[1142,1155,1052,1076]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[825,890,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[838,1458,146,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-581@14.[837,1461,144,1152]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia benazzii s.s.: A, CGAS Pla 25. 6, photomicrograph showing the penial fold (pf) and the two atrial folds (af) in sagiưal section; B, CGAS Pla 25. 4, photomicrograph showing the penis papilla (pp) and the penial fold (pf) in transverse section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306549/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9</figureCitation>
). In specimen 
<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7AA62BFAA3D524E62CFBA3" box="[1307,1375,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CGAS</collectionCode>
Pla 25. 3, the penial fold shows lateral grooves in its surface. In specimens 
<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7AA62BFC81D563E00EFBE4" box="[825,893,1115,1139]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CGAS</collectionCode>
Pla 25. 6 (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFC4BD563E74DFBE4" box="[1011,1086,1115,1139]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[825,890,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[838,1458,146,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-581@14.[837,1461,144,1152]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Dugesia benazzii s.s.: A, CGAS Pla 25. 6, photomicrograph showing the penial fold (pf) and the two atrial folds (af) in sagiưal section; B, CGAS Pla 25. 4, photomicrograph showing the penis papilla (pp) and the penial fold (pf) in transverse section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306549/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) and 
<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7AA62BFBC7D562E7BCFBE5" box="[1151,1231,1114,1138]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
.VER.21055.1 there are also two small muscular atrial folds, which are located ventrally and dorsally, respectively, while a single ventral atrial fold is present in specimen 
<collectionCode id="FAF1EBBC7C7AA62BFC51D581E75EFB46" box="[1001,1069,1209,1233]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CGAS</collectionCode>
Pla 25. 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFCEDD5E0E0FEFA1A" blockId="12.[825,1475,144,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Ŋe genital atrium is lined by an infranucleated epithelium, which is underlain by a thick subepithelial layer of circular muscle, followed by a layer of longitudinal muscle fibres. Abundant cement glands open into the atrium dorsally to the gonopore. Ŋe atrium opens ventrally through the genital pore (
<figureCitation id="04DB6FFC7C7AA62BFCFCD44DE00FFA1B" box="[836,892,1397,1421]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1838,1862]" captionTargetBox="[115,1454,145,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-6@13.[114,1458,144,1810]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Dugesia benazzii s.s., CGAS Pla 25.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing the penis bulb (pb), penis papilla (pp) with conical, pointed diaphragm (d), ejaculatory duct (ed), penial fold (pf), and ‘angled’ bursal canal (abc)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306544/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFC81D48DE76AF9FD" blockId="12.[825,1474,1461,1642]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7AA62BFC81D48DE74BFA5A" box="[825,1080,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
Sardinia and Capraia Island (Tuscany Archipelago). Originally, it was also considered to be present on 
<collectingCountry id="E4F733E97C7AA62BFC81D4CCE0FAF99B" box="[825,905,1524,1548]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Corsica</collectingCountry>
, where it would be the only species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7AA62BFACCD4CDE6B1F99B" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[1396,1474,1525,1548]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7AA62BFACCD4CDE6B1F99B" box="[1396,1474,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dugesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabiting this Mediterranean island. However, according to our present analysis, its presumed presence on 
<collectingCountry id="E4F733E97C7AA62BFB5ED70AE647F9DD" box="[1254,1332,1586,1610]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Corsica</collectingCountry>
now has to be evaluated as doubtful.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA62BFC81D7ABE7D9F97D" blockId="12.[825,1474,1683,1770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7AA62BFC81D7ABE0B0F93C" box="[825,963,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Reproduction:</emphasis>
Sexual and fissiparous. Populations may be exclusively sexual or mixed, the laưer characterized by the coexistence of sexual and fissiparous individuals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7AA629FC81D634E2A8F992" blockId="12.[825,1474,1803,1984]" lastBlockId="14.[128,778,1016,1980]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7AA62BFC81D634E75BF8B4" box="[825,1064,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Comparative discussion:</emphasis>
In all essential details, the specimens examined from the Su Rizzolu River agree with the features described for 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7AA62BFC14D673E769F8F5" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[940,1050,1866,1890]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7AA62BFC14D673E769F8F5" box="[940,1050,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D. benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C7AA62BFB86D672E7A0F8F5" author="Lepori NG" box="[1086,1235,1866,1890]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="28 - 47" refId="ref22130" refString="Lepori NG. Sulle caraueristiche morfologiche e sulla posizione sistematica della planaria di Sardegna e Corsica gia ascriua a Dugesia (= Euplanaria) gonocephala (Duges). Ati Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali 1951; 58: 28 - 47." type="journal article" year="1951">Lepori (1951)</bibRefCitation>
. However, with respect to diagnostic characters, there are some differences between our observations and those of 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C7AA62BFBCFD6B1E67EF837" author="Lepori NG" box="[1143,1293,1928,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="28 - 47" refId="ref22130" refString="Lepori NG. Sulle caraueristiche morfologiche e sulla posizione sistematica della planaria di Sardegna e Corsica gia ascriua a Dugesia (= Euplanaria) gonocephala (Duges). Ati Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali 1951; 58: 28 - 47." type="journal article" year="1951">Lepori (1951)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7AA62BFAA2D6B1E6B1F836" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[1306,1474,1929,1953]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7AA62BFAA2D6B1E6B1F836" box="[1306,1474,1929,1953]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dugesia benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described with a penial annex or adenodactyl in the form of a muscular-glandular papilla devoid of a lumen that is situated on the less side of the penis papilla and that even may be larger than the penis itself. Moreover, for some specimens from Bunnari and Mascari rivers, 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FE13D56EE130FBF9" author="Lepori NG" box="[427,579,1110,1134]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="28 - 47" refId="ref22130" refString="Lepori NG. Sulle caraueristiche morfologiche e sulla posizione sistematica della planaria di Sardegna e Corsica gia ascriua a Dugesia (= Euplanaria) gonocephala (Duges). Ati Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali 1951; 58: 28 - 47." type="journal article" year="1951">Lepori (1951)</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of a muscular-glandular papilla localized ventro-laterally to the penis papilla. Considering that later in the same rivers 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FF39D58DE3A5FB5B" authorityName="Pala, Casu &amp; Vacca" authorityYear="1981" box="[129,214,1204,1228]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hepta">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FF39D58DE3A5FB5B" box="[129,214,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. hepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found, which is characterized by a ventro-lateral fold (see: 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FF51D5EBE2BAFB7C" author="Stocchino GA &amp; Corso G &amp; Manconi R" box="[233,457,1235,1259]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1947 - 1960" refId="ref23886" refString="Stocchino GA, Corso G, Manconi R et al. Endemic freshwater planarians of Sardinia: redescription of Dugesia hepta (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a comparison of the Mediterranean species of the genus. Journal of Natural History 2005; 39: 1947 - 1960. hups: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930500060025" type="journal article" year="2005">
Stocchino 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FEE0D5ECE2FAFB7C" box="[344,393,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), the description of some specimens could refer precisely to this last-mentioned species instead of nominal 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FEFAD42BE2C5FABD" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[322,438,1298,1322]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FEFAD42BE2C5FABD" box="[322,438,1298,1322]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, more recent studies restricted the term adenodactyl to the strongly muscularized, glandular-parenchymatic folds of the copulatory apparatus that are provided with a lumen (
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FE21D448E102FA1F" author="Stocchino GA &amp; Sluys R &amp; Riutort M" box="[409,625,1392,1416]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="727 - 756" refId="ref24175" refString="Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Riutort M et al. Freshwater planarian diversity (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae) in Madagascar: new species, cryptic species, with a redefinition of character states. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2017; 181: 727 - 756. hups: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 017" type="journal article" year="2017">
Stocchino 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FDBDD449E147FA1F" box="[517,564,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
and references therein). Our analyses revealed that the penial annexes in the specimens examined actually concern a fold, which is shorter than the penis papilla and conforms to the parenchymatic-muscular 
<typeStatus id="435BCDDB7C78A629FF39D4D6E3DCF991" box="[129,175,1518,1542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">type</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FF0BD4D6E395F992" box="[179,230,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FF54D4D5E2A6F992" author="Stocchino GA &amp; Sluys R &amp; Riutort M" box="[236,469,1517,1541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="727 - 756" refId="ref24175" refString="Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Riutort M et al. Freshwater planarian diversity (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae) in Madagascar: new species, cryptic species, with a redefinition of character states. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2017; 181: 727 - 756. hups: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 017" type="journal article" year="2017">
Stocchino 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FEE0D4D6E2F4F992" box="[344,391,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C89F23F17C7BA62AFFC9D616E7E1F8E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306544/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[113,178,1838,1862]" targetBox="[115,1454,145,1806]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C7BA62AFFC9D616E7E1F8E9" blockId="13.[113,1445,1838,1918]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7BA62AFFC9D616E3BAF8D1" bold="true" box="[113,201,1838,1862]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C7BA62AFF76D617E214F8D1" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[206,359,1838,1862]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C7BA62AFF76D617E214F8D1" box="[206,359,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dugesia benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5A712107C7BA62AFED4D617E2FBF8D1" box="[364,392,1839,1862]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, CGAS Pla 25.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing the penis bulb (pb), penis papilla (pp) with conical, pointed diaphragm (d), ejaculatory duct (ed), penial fold (pf), and ‘angled’ bursal canal (abc).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C89F23F17C78A629FF39D2B8E216FC47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306547/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[129,194,896,920]" targetBox="[142,765,144,882]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C78A629FF39D2B8E216FC47" blockId="14.[129,775,896,976]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FF39D2B8E3ABFC0F" bold="true" box="[129,216,896,920]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FF65D2B9E205FC0F" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[221,374,896,920]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FF65D2B9E205FC0F" box="[221,374,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dugesia benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5A712107C78A629FEC3D2B9E2E4FC0F" box="[379,407,897,920]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, CGAS Pla 25.1. Photomicrograph of the copulatory bursa with a ciliate parasite (cp) and a spermatophore (sp) in a sagiưal section.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C89F23F17C78A629FC81D5ACE62BFA97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306549/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[825,890,1172,1196]" targetBox="[838,1458,146,1149]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C78A629FC81D5ACE62BFA97" blockId="14.[825,1467,1172,1280]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FC81D5ACE0E2FB3B" bold="true" box="[825,913,1172,1196]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FC2DD5ADE75DFB3B" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[917,1070,1172,1196]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FC2DD5ADE75DFB3B" box="[917,1070,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dugesia benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5A712107C78A629FB8CD5ADE721FB3B" box="[1076,1106,1173,1196]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, CGAS Pla 25. 6, photomicrograph showing the penial fold (pf) and the two atrial folds (af) in sagiưal section; B, CGAS Pla 25. 4, photomicrograph showing the penis papilla (pp) and the penial fold (pf) in transverse section.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C78A629FF24D735E13EF888" blockId="14.[128,778,1016,1980]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Ŋe original description of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FE03D735E15FF9B2" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[443,556,1549,1573]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FE03D735E15FF9B2" box="[443,556,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not specify the course of the vasa deferentia or their openings into the seminal vesicle. However, in his horizontal reconstruction drawings of the copulatory apparatus of the Sardinian populations, 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FD7CD753E3CCF935" author="Lepori NG" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="28 - 47" refId="ref22130" refString="Lepori NG. Sulle caraueristiche morfologiche e sulla posizione sistematica della planaria di Sardegna e Corsica gia ascriua a Dugesia (= Euplanaria) gonocephala (Duges). Ati Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali 1951; 58: 28 - 47." type="journal article" year="1951">Lepori (1951</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1, 2) depicted a symmetrical course of the vasa deferentia, as well as symmetrical openings into the seminal vesicle. Ŋis contrasts with the situation in our animals, in which the vasa deferentia follow clearly asymmetrical trajectories and also open asymmetrically into the seminal vesicle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C78A629FF24D61EE773F9B4" blockId="14.[128,778,1016,1980]" lastBlockId="14.[825,1476,1328,1978]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Asymmetrical openings of the vasa deferentia have been reported for two other species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FD88D67FE10DF8C9" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[560,638,1863,1886]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FD88D67FE10DF8C9" box="[560,638,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dugesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
viz., 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FD0CD67FE208F8EA" authority="Stocchino &amp; Sluys, 2014" authorityName="Stocchino &amp; Sluys" authorityYear="2014" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FD0CD67FE07AF8C9" box="[692,777,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. bifida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FF38D65DE208F8EA" author="Stocchino GA &amp; Sluys R &amp; Manconi R" box="[128,379,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="71 - 88" refId="ref24126" refString="Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Manconi R. A new and aberrant species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Madagascar. ZooKeys 2014; 4 * 5: 71 - 88. hups: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 425.7811" type="journal article" year="2014">Stocchino &amp; Sluys, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FE14D65EE075F8EA" authority="Chen &amp; Dong, 2021" authorityName="Chen &amp; Dong" authorityYear="2021" box="[428,774,1893,1918]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FE14D65EE15EF8EA" box="[428,557,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Dong, 2021
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FF38D6BDE259F80B" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[128,298,1924,1948]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FF38D6BDE259F80B" box="[128,298,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dugesia benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FE0DD6BDE17DF80B" authorityName="Stocchino &amp; Sluys" authorityYear="2014" box="[437,526,1924,1948]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FE0DD6BDE17DF80B" box="[437,526,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. bifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the condition with the right duct opening into the seminal vesicle dorsally to the less one. However, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FC68D408E74EFADF" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[976,1085,1328,1352]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FC68D408E74EFADF" box="[976,1085,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the two above-mentioned species in that its vasa deferentia open close to the diaphragm. In 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FCEFD457E0DDFA11" authorityName="Stocchino &amp; Sluys" authorityYear="2014" box="[855,942,1390,1414]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bifida">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FCEFD457E0DDFA11" box="[855,942,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. bifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in contrast, the vasa deferentia open halfway into the vesicle, while in 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FBABD4B6E7EBFA32" authorityName="Chen &amp; Dong" authorityYear="2021" box="[1043,1176,1422,1445]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="circumcisa">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FBABD4B6E7EBFA32" box="[1043,1176,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. circumcisa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the right sperm duct opens into the anterior portion of the seminal vesicle and the less duct through the mid-lateral wall of the vesicle, with the less sperm duct opening dorsally to the right one (
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FB62D4D4E6C8F993" author="Stocchino GA &amp; Sluys R &amp; Manconi R" box="[1242,1467,1516,1540]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="71 - 88" refId="ref24126" refString="Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Manconi R. A new and aberrant species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Madagascar. ZooKeys 2014; 4 * 5: 71 - 88. hups: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 425.7811" type="journal article" year="2014">
Stocchino 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FAF1D4D4E609F993" box="[1353,1402,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FC81D733E083F9B4" author="Wang L &amp; Chen JZ &amp; Dong ZM" box="[825,1008,1547,1571]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="89 - 116" refId="ref24614" refString="Wang L, Chen JZ, Dong ZM et al. Two new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China. ZooKeys 2021 a; 1059: 89 - 116. hups: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1059.65633" type="journal article" year="2021">
Wang 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FCC1D734E0DBF9B4" box="[889,936,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 2021a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C78A629FCEDD712E634F969" blockId="14.[825,1476,1328,1978]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Cement glands are not mentioned in the original description, while they are well evident in all specimens from the Su Rizzolu River. Interestingly, these glands do not discharge their secretions around the gonopore, as in most of the species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FAC9D7B1E6CFF937" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[1393,1468,1673,1696]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FAC9D7B1E6CFF937" box="[1393,1468,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dugesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but they open into the atrium ventrally to the opening of the shell glands and dorsally to the genital pore.A similar condition has been reported only for 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FC5DD7DFE7F5F969" baseAuthorityName="Draparnaud" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[997,1158,1766,1790]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="subtentaculata">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FC5DD7DFE7F5F969" box="[997,1158,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. subtentaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Leria 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FB75D7DFE789F969" box="[1229,1274,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
; 2020).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C78A637FCEDD63EE178FF50" blockId="14.[825,1476,1328,1978]" lastBlockId="16.[128,779,144,1766]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
In the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FB18D63EE6B1F88A" authority=", Lepori (1951)" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[1184,1474,1797,1821]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FB18D63EE666F88A" box="[1184,1301,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. benazzii</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FA9FD63DE6B1F88A" author="Lepori NG" box="[1319,1474,1797,1821]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="28 - 47" refId="ref22130" refString="Lepori NG. Sulle caraueristiche morfologiche e sulla posizione sistematica della planaria di Sardegna e Corsica gia ascriua a Dugesia (= Euplanaria) gonocephala (Duges). Ati Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali 1951; 58: 28 - 47." type="journal article" year="1951">Lepori (1951)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
reported the presence of a muscular atrial fold only for the Corsican specimens. We also found this feature in our Sardinian specimens. Ŋis atrial annexe has been reported in a few other species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FBB7D6BCE72EF80C" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[1039,1117,1924,1947]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FBB7D6BCE72EF80C" box="[1039,1117,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dugesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
viz., 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FB2BD6BCE6ECF80C" authority="de Vries, 1984" authorityName="de Vries" authorityYear="1984" box="[1171,1439,1923,1947]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aenigma">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FB2BD6BCE677F80C" box="[1171,1284,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. aenigma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FAB2D6BBE6ECF80C" author="de Vries EJ" box="[1290,1439,1923,1947]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="101 - 126" refId="ref24504" refString="de Vries EJ. On the species of the Dugesia gonocephala group (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) from Greece. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 1984; 54: 101 - 126." type="journal article" year="1984">de Vries, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FA13D6BCE740F82D" authority="de Vries, 1984" authorityName="de Vries" authorityYear="1984" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ariadnae">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FA13D6BCE0FCF82D" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. ariadnae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FC21D69AE740F82D" author="de Vries EJ" box="[921,1075,1954,1978]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="101 - 126" refId="ref24504" refString="de Vries EJ. On the species of the Dugesia gonocephala group (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) from Greece. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 1984; 54: 101 - 126." type="journal article" year="1984">de Vries, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C78A629FBFAD69BE620F82D" authority="de Vries, 1984" authorityName="de Vries" authorityYear="1984" box="[1090,1363,1954,1978]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="damoae">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C78A629FBFAD69BE7DCF82D" box="[1090,1199,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D. damoae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A629FB01D69AE620F82D" author="de Vries EJ" box="[1209,1363,1954,1978]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="101 - 126" refId="ref24504" refString="de Vries EJ. On the species of the Dugesia gonocephala group (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) from Greece. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 1984; 54: 101 - 126." type="journal article" year="1984">de Vries, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C78A637FADED69AE3C6FF3F" author="de Vries EJ" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="101 - 126" refId="ref24504" refString="de Vries EJ. On the species of the Dugesia gonocephala group (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) from Greece. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 1984; 54: 101 - 126." type="journal article" year="1984">de Vries, 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FF7AD1A8E2EFFF3F" author="Stocchino GA &amp; Sluys R &amp; Riutort M" box="[194,412,144,168]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="727 - 756" refId="ref24175" refString="Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Riutort M et al. Freshwater planarian diversity (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae) in Madagascar: new species, cryptic species, with a redefinition of character states. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2017; 181: 727 - 756. hups: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 017" type="journal article" year="2017">
Stocchino 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE97D1A9E211FF3F" box="[303,354,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.,</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
), and in 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE41D1A9E240FF50" authority="Stocchino, Dols-Serrate &amp; Riutort" authorityName="Stocchino, Dols-Serrate &amp; Riutort" authorityYear="2024" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE41D1A9E12AFF3F" box="[505,601,145,168]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. mariae</emphasis>
Stocchino, Dols-Serrate &amp; Riutort
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5A712107C66A637FE85D188E2FBFF50" box="[317,392,176,199]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C89F23F17C79A628FFC9D616E3A3F80D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13306551/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[113,178,1838,1862]" targetBox="[141,1429,161,1808]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C79A628FFC9D616E3A3F80D" blockId="15.[113,1448,1838,1946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C79A628FFC9D616E3A5F8D1" bold="true" box="[113,214,1838,1862]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C79A628FF62D617E226F8D1" authorityName="Dols &amp; Serrate, Stocchino &amp; Riutort" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,341,1838,1862]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hoidi">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C79A628FF62D617E226F8D1" box="[218,341,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dugesia hoidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype RMNH.VER.21056.1: A, sagiưal reconstruction of the male copulatory apparatus (anterior to the right); B, sagiưal reconstruction of the penial fold and female copulatory apparatus; C, photomicrograph of sagiưal section, showing penis bulb (pb) with the seminal vesicle (sv), right (rvd) and the less (lvd) vas deferens, penis papilla (pp) with the pointed diaphragm (d), and the ejaculatory duct (ed).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C66A637FF24D1F7E1D3FE34" blockId="16.[128,779,144,1766]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Unfortunately, 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FEFAD1F7E292FF71" author="Lepori NG" box="[322,481,206,231]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="28 - 47" refId="ref22130" refString="Lepori NG. Sulle caraueristiche morfologiche e sulla posizione sistematica della planaria di Sardegna e Corsica gia ascriua a Dugesia (= Euplanaria) gonocephala (Duges). Ati Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali 1951; 58: 28 - 47." type="journal article" year="1951">Lepori (1951)</bibRefCitation>
did not present any details about the bursal canal. Interestingly, all specimens of the population examined are characterized by an ‘angled’ course of the bursal canal, without exception. It is noteworthy that this character is not common amongst species of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FD08D075E070FEF3" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[688,771,333,356]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FD08D075E070FEF3" box="[688,771,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dugesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas it forms a diagnostic character of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FD17D053E07AFE14" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[687,777,363,387]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FD17D053E07AFE14" box="[687,777,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Girardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FF33D0B3E2E5FE34" author="de Vries EJ &amp; Sluys R" box="[139,406,395,419]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="103 - 116" refId="ref24581" refString="de Vries EJ, Sluys R. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola). Journal of Zoology 1991; ** 3: 103 - 116." type="journal article" year="1991">de Vries and Sluys, 1991</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FE1CD0B3E1FDFE34" author="Stocchino GA &amp; Sluys R &amp; Harrath AH" box="[420,654,395,419]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref24239" refString="Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Harrath AH et al. Ne invasive alien freshwater flatworm Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in Western Europe: new insights into its morphology, karyology and reproductive biology. Contributions to Zoology 2019; 88: 1 - 21. hups: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 18759866 - 20191406" type="journal article" year="2019">
Stocchino 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FDA1D0B3E123FE34" box="[537,592,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.,</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C66A637FF24D092E1FAFDB7" blockId="16.[128,779,144,1766]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
A short ectal reinforcement confined to the posterior tract of the vaginal portion of the bursal canal is shared with only two species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FED9D0D1E2DCFD97" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[353,431,489,512]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FED9D0D1E2DCFD97" box="[353,431,489,512]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dugesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, viz., 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE49D0D1E3C6FDB7" authority="Sluys &amp; Sola, 2013" authorityName="Sluys &amp; Sola" authorityYear="2013" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="improvisa">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE49D0D1E102FD97" box="[497,625,489,512]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. improvisa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FDC3D0D1E3C6FDB7" author="Sluys R &amp; Sola E &amp; Gritzalis K" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="523 - 547" refId="ref23514" refString="Sluys R, Sola E, Gritzalis K et al. Integrative delineation of species of Mediterranean freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 169: 523 - 547. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12077" type="journal article" year="2013">Sluys &amp; Solà, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FF5DD331E2B2FDB7" authority="Sluys, 2013" authorityName="Sluys" authorityYear="2013" box="[229,449,520,544]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="naiadis">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF5DD331E234FDB7" box="[229,327,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. naiadis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FEF4D330E2B2FDB7" author="Sluys R &amp; Sola E &amp; Gritzalis K" box="[332,449,520,544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="523 - 547" refId="ref23514" refString="Sluys R, Sola E, Gritzalis K et al. Integrative delineation of species of Mediterranean freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 169: 523 - 547. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12077" type="journal article" year="2013">Sluys, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FE69D330E10AFDB7" author="Sluys R &amp; Sola E &amp; Gritzalis K" box="[465,633,520,544]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="523 - 547" refId="ref23514" refString="Sluys R, Sola E, Gritzalis K et al. Integrative delineation of species of Mediterranean freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2013; 169: 523 - 547. hups: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12077" type="journal article" year="2013">
Sluys 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FDB4D331E148FDB7" box="[524,571,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C66A637FF24D310E19BFC0F" blockId="16.[128,779,144,1766]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
In several of our specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE60D310E136FDA8" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[472,581,551,575]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE60D310E136FDA8" box="[472,581,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ciliate parasite 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF39D37EE21EFDC9" box="[129,365,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Haptophryaplanariarum</emphasis>
(Phylum 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE72D37EE144FDC9" box="[458,567,582,606]" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="phylum">Ciliophora</taxonomicName>
) was present in the intestinal tract, the bursal canal, and the copulatory bursa. Specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FF22D3BEE25DFD0A" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="von Siebold" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[154,302,645,669]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="planariarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF22D3BEE25DFD0A" box="[154,302,645,669]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. planariarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found also in the gut and copulatory bursa of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FF20D39DE132FD2B" authority="Stocchino, Dols-Serrate &amp; Riutort" authorityName="Stocchino, Dols-Serrate &amp; Riutort" authorityYear="2024" box="[152,577,676,701]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF20D39DE380FD2B" box="[152,243,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. mariae</emphasis>
Stocchino, Dols-Serrate &amp; Riutort
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5A712107C66A637FDF0D39DE1E3FD2B" box="[584,656,677,700]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see below), while preliminary observations established the occurrence of these parasites in both the intestinal tract and the copulatory bursa of specimens from other Sardinian populations of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FD8FD23BE1D2FC8D" authorityName=", Lepori" authorityYear="1951" box="[567,673,770,794]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="benazzii">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FD8FD23BE1D2FC8D" box="[567,673,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. benazzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as in individuals from some populations of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FDA9D21BE112FCAD" authorityName="Pala, Casu &amp; Vacca" authorityYear="1981" box="[529,609,802,826]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hepta">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FDA9D21BE112FCAD" box="[529,609,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. hepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(G.A. Stocchino personal observation). It should be noted that the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FD49D27AE384FCEF" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="von Siebold" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="planariarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FD49D27AE384FCEF" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. planariarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not seem to affect the development and functionality of the reproductive apparatus of the parasitized individuals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5F73797C66A637FF24D298E079F971" blockId="16.[128,779,144,1766]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
In addition to these three species of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FDA0D298E115FC20" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[536,614,928,951]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FDA0D298E115FC20" box="[536,614,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dugesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, presence of 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FD48D298E38EFC41" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="von Siebold" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="planariarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FD48D298E38EFC41" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. planariarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously documented for nine other species of freshwater planarian, from which it was generally reported from the gut, the pharynx lumen, or the pharyngeal pouch: 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FF39D524E263FBA3" baseAuthorityName="Muller OF" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[129,272,1052,1076]" family="Planariidae" genus="Planaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="torva">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF39D524E263FBA3" box="[129,272,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Planaria torva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FE9AD525E2B4FBA2" author="von Graff L" box="[290,455,1052,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref21322" refString="von Graff L. Die Turbellarien als Parasiten und Wirte. Leuschner and Lubensky's Universitats-Buchhandlung, Graz 1903: 1 - 66 * 3 pls." type="book chapter" year="1903">von Graff, 1903</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FE6FD524E12CFBA3" author="Bishop A" box="[471,607,1052,1076]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="187 - 194" refId="ref20866" refString="Bishop A. Notes upon Sieboldiellina planariarum (Siebold), a ciliate parasite of Planaria torva. Parasitology 1926; 18: 187 - 194." type="journal article" year="1926">Bishop, 1926</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FDD6D525E192FBA3" author="Lom J" box="[622,737,1052,1076]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="133 - 154" refId="ref22338" refString="Lom J. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der parasitischen Ciliaten aus Evertebraten IV. Neue Ciliaten aus der Familie Haptophryidae Cepede 1923, nebst einigen Bemerkungen zum heutigen Stand dieser Gruppe. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 1959; 104: 133 - 154." type="journal article" year="1959">Lom, 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FD48D524E26DFBC3" author="de Puytorac P" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="173 - 210" refId="ref23007" refString="de Puytorac P. Contribution a l'etude des cilies astomes Haptophryidae Cepede, 1903 (cytologie, ultrastructure, taxinomie). Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie et Biologie Animale 1963; 5: 173 - 210." type="journal article" year="1963">de Puytorac, 1963</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FE95D504E2D8FBC3" author="Keller JM" box="[301,427,1084,1108]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="25 - 32" refId="ref21726" refString="Keller JM. Les planaires epigees d'eau douce. Revue tancaise d'Aquariologie 1983; 10: 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="1983">Keller, 1983</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE7BD504E10DFBC3" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1861" box="[451,638,1084,1108]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Schmidtea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE7BD504E10DFBC3" box="[451,638,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Schmidtea lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FD28D504E071FBC3" author="Lom J" box="[656,770,1084,1108]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="133 - 154" refId="ref22338" refString="Lom J. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der parasitischen Ciliaten aus Evertebraten IV. Neue Ciliaten aus der Familie Haptophryidae Cepede 1923, nebst einigen Bemerkungen zum heutigen Stand dieser Gruppe. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 1959; 104: 133 - 154." type="journal article" year="1959">Lom, 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FF39D563E38CFBE4" author="Keller JM" box="[129,255,1115,1139]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="25 - 32" refId="ref21726" refString="Keller JM. Les planaires epigees d'eau douce. Revue tancaise d'Aquariologie 1983; 10: 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="1983">Keller, 1983</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FEAFD563E284FBE4" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[279,503,1115,1139]" family="Dendrocoelidae" genus="Dendrocoelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lacteum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FEAFD563E284FBE4" box="[279,503,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dendrocoelum lacteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FDB1D564E1DDFBE4" author="von Graff L" box="[521,686,1115,1139]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref21322" refString="von Graff L. Die Turbellarien als Parasiten und Wirte. Leuschner and Lubensky's Universitats-Buchhandlung, Graz 1903: 1 - 66 * 3 pls." type="book chapter" year="1903">von Graff, 1903</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FD05D563E3C7FB05" author="Bishop A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="187 - 194" refId="ref20866" refString="Bishop A. Notes upon Sieboldiellina planariarum (Siebold), a ciliate parasite of Planaria torva. Parasitology 1926; 18: 187 - 194." type="journal article" year="1926">Bishop, 1926</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FF74D542E2E8FB05" author="de Puytorac P" box="[204,411,1146,1171]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="173 - 210" refId="ref23007" refString="de Puytorac P. Contribution a l'etude des cilies astomes Haptophryidae Cepede, 1903 (cytologie, ultrastructure, taxinomie). Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie et Biologie Animale 1963; 5: 173 - 210." type="journal article" year="1963">de Puytorac, 1963</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE04D542E3CCFB25" authority="(Kawakatsu, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Kawakatsu" baseAuthorityYear="1970" family="Planariidae" genus="Phagocata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="iwamai">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE04D542E109FB05" box="[444,634,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Phagocata iwamai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FD2DD542E3C7FB25" author="Kawakatsu M" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="37 - 47" refId="ref21685" refString="Kawakatsu M. Parasites of Turbellarians: records of several species of endoparasites of freshwater planarians. Ne Research Bulletin of the Meguro Parasitological Museum 1970; 3: 37 - 47 [in Japanese, with English abstract]." type="journal article" year="1970">Kawakatsu, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FF74D5A2E2EAFB25" baseAuthorityName="Duges" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[204,409,1178,1202]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gonocephala">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF74D5A2E2EAFB25" box="[204,409,1178,1202]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dugesia gonocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FE12D5A2E13FFB25" author="von Graff L" box="[426,588,1178,1202]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref21322" refString="von Graff L. Die Turbellarien als Parasiten und Wirte. Leuschner and Lubensky's Universitats-Buchhandlung, Graz 1903: 1 - 66 * 3 pls." type="book chapter" year="1903">von Graff, 1903</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FDE2D5A2E071FB25" author="Steinbock O" box="[602,770,1178,1202]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="461 - 504" refId="ref23763" refString="Steinbock O. Untersuchungen uber die Geschlechts-Darmverbindung bei Turbellarien nebst einem Beitrag zur Morphologie des Trikladendarmes. Zeitschriss fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere 1924; *: 461 - 504." type="book chapter" year="1924">Steinböck, 1924</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FF38D581E22EFB46" author="de Beauchamp P" box="[128,349,1209,1233]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="113 - 380" refId="ref20730" refString="de Beauchamp P. Biospeologica LVIII. Turbellaries, Hirudinees, Branchiobdellides. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 1932; 73: 113 - 380." type="journal article" year="1932">de Beauchamp, 1932</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FED6D581E3C7FB67" author="Gamo Garcia J &amp; Rodriguez Caabeiro F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="313 - 315" refId="ref21250" refString="Gamo Garcia J, Rodriguez Caabeiro F. Dugesia gonocephala (Turbellaria, Tricladida) nueovo hospedador para Sieboldiellina planariarum (Ciliata, Holotricha, Astomata). Revista Iberica de Parasitologia 1981; 41: 313 - 315." type="journal article" year="1981">Gamo Garcia and Rodríguez Caabeiro, 1981</bibRefCitation>
;Rataj and Vďačný, 2018), 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE6BD5E1E3CCFA87" authority="(Marcus, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1953" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="monomyoda">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE6BD5E1E1D1FB67" box="[467,674,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dugesia monomyoda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FD0FD5E1E3C7FA98" author="Marcus E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref22411" refString="Marcus E. Turbellaria, Tricladida. In: Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Wite. Bruxelles: M. Hayez, Fasc. 1953; * 1: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1953">Marcus, 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FF61D5C0E215FA98" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[217,358,1272,1296]" family="Planariidae" genus="Polycelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF61D5C0E215FA98" box="[217,358,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Polycelis nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FEC3D5C0E157FA87" author="von Graff L" box="[379,548,1272,1296]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref21322" refString="von Graff L. Die Turbellarien als Parasiten und Wirte. Leuschner and Lubensky's Universitats-Buchhandlung, Graz 1903: 1 - 66 * 3 pls." type="book chapter" year="1903">von Graff, 1903</bibRefCitation>
; de Pyutorac, 1963), 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FF39D42FE153FAB8" authority="(Kenk, 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Kenk" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[129,544,1303,1327]" family="Planariidae" genus="Paraplanaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dactyligera">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF39D42FE208FAB8" box="[129,379,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paraplanaria dactyligera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FE2DD42FE166FAB8" author="Kenk R" box="[405,533,1303,1327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="539 - 558" refId="ref21746" refString="Kenk R. Freshwater triclads (Turbellaria) of North America. I. Ne genus Planaria. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 1969; 8 *: 539 - 558." type="journal article" year="1969">Kenk, 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FD8DD42FE261FAD8" authority="(Kenk, 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Kenk" baseAuthorityYear="1969" family="Planariidae" genus="Paraplanaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="occulta">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FD8DD42FE07AFAB8" box="[565,777,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paraplanaria occulta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FF33D40FE275FAD8" author="Kenk R" box="[139,262,1335,1359]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="539 - 558" refId="ref21746" refString="Kenk R. Freshwater triclads (Turbellaria) of North America. I. Ne genus Planaria. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 1969; 8 *: 539 - 558." type="journal article" year="1969">Kenk, 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. For only 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE3ED40FE16CFAD8" baseAuthorityName="Duges" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[390,543,1335,1359]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gonocephala">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE3ED40FE16CFAD8" box="[390,543,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. gonocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FD8CD40FE1ACFAD8" author="Steinbock O" box="[564,735,1335,1359]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="461 - 504" refId="ref23763" refString="Steinbock O. Untersuchungen uber die Geschlechts-Darmverbindung bei Turbellarien nebst einem Beitrag zur Morphologie des Trikladendarmes. Zeitschriss fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere 1924; *: 461 - 504." type="book chapter" year="1924">Steinböck, 1924</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FD48D40FE248FAF9" author="de Beauchamp P" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="113 - 380" refId="ref20730" refString="de Beauchamp P. Biospeologica LVIII. Turbellaries, Hirudinees, Branchiobdellides. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 1932; 73: 113 - 380." type="journal article" year="1932">de Beauchamp, 1932</bibRefCitation>
) it was reported that 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FD95D46FE1BFFAF9" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="von Siebold" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[557,716,1366,1390]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="planariarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FD95D46FE1BFFAF9" box="[557,716,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. planariarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
parasites occurred also in the copulatory bursa of some specimens. However, recent molecular studies (
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FE54D4ADE1E2FA3A" author="Rataj M &amp; Zhang R &amp; Vd'acny P" box="[492,657,1429,1453]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref23298" refString="Rataj M, Zhang R, Vd'acny P. Nuclear and mitochondrial SSU rRNA genes reveal hidden diversity of Haptophrya endosymbionts in freshwater planarians and challenge their traditional classification in Astomatia. Frontiers in Microbiology 2022; 13: 830951." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Rataj 
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FD9ED4ADE127FA3A" box="[550,596,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022
</bibRefCitation>
) have highlighted that the morphospecies 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE60D48DE104FA5B" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="von Siebold" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[472,631,1460,1484]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="planariarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE60D48DE104FA5B" box="[472,631,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. planariarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a complex of three genetically distinct and morphologically cryptic species. Ŋe other two ciliate species, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE53D4CBE25AF9BD" authority="Rataj, Zhang &amp; Vd'acny, 2022" authorityName="Rataj, Zhang &amp; Vd'acny" authorityYear="2022" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="dugesiarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE53D4CBE10EF99C" box="[491,637,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. dugesiarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FD3DD4CBE25AF9BD" author="Rataj M &amp; Zhang R &amp; Vd'acny P" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref23298" refString="Rataj M, Zhang R, Vd'acny P. Nuclear and mitochondrial SSU rRNA genes reveal hidden diversity of Haptophrya endosymbionts in freshwater planarians and challenge their traditional classification in Astomatia. Frontiers in Microbiology 2022; 13: 830951." type="journal volume" year="2022">Rataj, Zhang &amp; Vd’ačny, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FEE7D72BE3C4F9DE" authority="Rataj, Zhang &amp; Vd'acny, 2022" authorityName="Rataj, Zhang &amp; Vd'acny" authorityYear="2022" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="schmidtearum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FEE7D72BE17AF9BD" box="[351,521,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. schmidtearum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F8710E887C66A637FDA8D72AE3C4F9DE" author="Rataj M &amp; Zhang R &amp; Vd'acny P" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref23298" refString="Rataj M, Zhang R, Vd'acny P. Nuclear and mitochondrial SSU rRNA genes reveal hidden diversity of Haptophrya endosymbionts in freshwater planarians and challenge their traditional classification in Astomatia. Frontiers in Microbiology 2022; 13: 830951." type="journal volume" year="2022">Rataj, Zhang &amp; Vd’ačny, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, morphologically correspond to 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE47D70AE1EBF9DE" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="von Siebold" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[511,664,1585,1609]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="planariarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE47D70AE1EBF9DE" box="[511,664,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. planariarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, therefore, these species can be identified only asser molecular analysis. While 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FF70D749E216F91F" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="von Siebold" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[200,357,1648,1672]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="planariarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF70D749E216F91F" box="[200,357,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. planariarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE22D749E15FF91F" authorityName="Rataj, Zhang &amp; Vd'acny" authorityYear="2022" box="[410,556,1648,1672]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="dugesiarum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE22D749E15FF91F" box="[410,556,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. dugesiarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found infesting 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FF39D7A8E26BF930" baseAuthorityName="Duges" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[129,280,1679,1703]" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="gonocephala">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FF39D7A8E26BF930" box="[129,280,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. gonocephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FE9FD7A8E2A0F930" authorityName="Rataj, Zhang &amp; Vd'acny" authorityYear="2022" box="[295,467,1679,1703]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Haptophryidae" genus="Haptophrya" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astomatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="schmidtearum">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FE9FD7A8E2A0F930" box="[295,467,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H. schmidtearum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found only in 
<taxonomicName id="5BE008FA7C66A637FD1CD7B7E3ACF951" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1861" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Schmidtea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="polychroa">
<emphasis id="AE94AF6B7C66A637FD1CD7B7E3ACF951" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Schmidtea polychroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In all three of the last-mentioned planarian species, the parasites occurred only in the gut and the pharyngeal pouch.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>