218 lines
24 KiB
XML
218 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="FF01FE3A93FBEF235CC664CD0F883101" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186898" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b9f1400-33f2-48a6-9fe4-401999f8340e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186898" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461059139789" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Makarkin, Vladimir N. & Archibald, Bruce" docDate="2009" docId="03EFA45AFFAF2422FF3D1988FE2E9D7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02063p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2063" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Allorapisma Makarkin & Archibald, 2009, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFD6DC22FFAE2420FFAA1C55FFF09907" masterDocTitle="A new genus and first Cenozoic fossil record of moth lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the Early Eocene of North America" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698581763632" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="1284126725BD7233BE47F86A0BB7CD75" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FAB2C625F2942D0F561AD1C55E0EA72B">
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<mods:title id="584CB3B675BFCD48A937A6DA66753283">A new genus and first Cenozoic fossil record of moth lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the Early Eocene of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F3EB07153F0E79F4235E16064D1D3E00" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="202089BB5EA2BC7678343E5F61DC5882">Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="692823255A44A38E195C014DB06DDEEC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AA66FA486021E1CEB0310997E24B2821">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="37E8B0166A3695E15627D99C2D7CF6CD">Archibald, Bruce</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="226498397F43C653DDC8A6DA396F2226">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B0AB15F2C054F2962206B98CADFC8130">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E8689B9FB40DEC77E7509BE6167DD3FC">
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<mods:date id="74167DC20EE8C1778A3D8C7D8631E597">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7670B078F5B9AA8A59974450F7954F18" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C833F0BF0F57522C731A84EC24C62B4C">2063</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="40637C91EC25F15777B3E605581F500A">63</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="C3385C10AB568273ABC9C43BC8E1D963">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AF48CF2876BA4A70517653359F42CAE3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.186898</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EA0E509FAF9B5FA58443F1CDAF103D14" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="248C927DD25BC827395F86BBD4C9E22A" type="Zenodo-Dep">186898</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EFA45AFFAF2422FF3D1988FE2E9D7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6226718" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119613746" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6226718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFA45AFFAF2422FF3D1988FE2E9D7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFA45AFFAF2422FF3D1988FE2E9D7F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="C35C46C7FFAF2421FF3D1988FE079CF0" box="[151,503,1501,1527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAF2421FF3D1988FE079CF0" blockId="1.[151,503,1501,1527]" box="[151,503,1501,1527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0B1A220FFAF2421FF3D1988FE079CF0" bold="true" box="[151,503,1501,1527]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FF3D1988FE079CF0" bold="true" box="[151,503,1501,1527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAF2421FF441988FE729CF0" ID-CoL="SJZ" box="[238,386,1501,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Allorapisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FF441988FE729CF0" bold="true" box="[238,386,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Allorapisma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2017425FFAF2421FE231988FE079CF0" box="[393,503,1501,1527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C46C7FFAF2421FF3D1A73FC299F60" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAF2421FF3D1A73FC299F60" blockId="1.[151,1437,1574,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FF3D1A73FED49F47" bold="true" box="[151,292,1574,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Allo- (from the Greek
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FD9C1A72FD939F47" box="[566,611,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">allo</emphasis>
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, other) + -
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAF2421FD481A72FCB29F47" box="[738,834,1575,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Rapisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FD481A72FCB29F47" box="[738,834,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">rapisma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(from
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAF2421FC3E1A72FC0B9F47" box="[916,1019,1575,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Rapisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FC3E1A72FC0B9F47" box="[916,1019,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Rapisma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a genus-group name), in reference to its venational similarity to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAF2421FDCC1A18FC729F60" authority="Navas. Gender" authorityName="Navas. Gender" box="[614,898,1613,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Rapisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FDCC1A18FD3D9F61" box="[614,717,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Rapisma</emphasis>
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Navás. Gender
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</taxonomicName>
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neuter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C46C7FFAF2421FF6F1A26FD549FB3" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAF2421FF6F1A26FD209F89" blockId="1.[151,1437,1574,2026]" box="[197,720,1651,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FF6F1A26FE979F8A" bold="true" box="[197,359,1651,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<typeStatus id="54FDABEEFFAF2421FF6F1A26FEF29F8A" box="[197,258,1651,1677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAF2421FEC41A21FD9E9F8A" box="[366,622,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Allorapisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chuorum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FEC41A21FD9E9F8A" box="[366,622,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Allorapisma chuorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2017425FFAF2421FDDC1A21FD209F89" box="[630,720,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAF2421FF6F1ACFFD549FB3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1574,2026]" box="[197,676,1690,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FF6F1ACFFE689FB3" bold="true" box="[197,408,1690,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Included species.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54FDABEEFFAF2421FE7E1ACFFDF69FB3" box="[468,518,1690,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
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species only.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C46C7FFAF2421FF6F1A94FE569E71" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAF2421FF6F1A94FE569E71" blockId="1.[151,1437,1574,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FF6F1A94FEB99FDC" bold="true" box="[197,329,1729,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Forewing separable from those of all other ithonid genera except
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FBDF1A94FAF09FDD" box="[1141,1280,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Principiala</emphasis>
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by proximal branches of Rs short, appear fused with MA; from
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FD551ABDFC779E06" box="[767,903,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Principiala</emphasis>
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by R1 space (between R1, Rs), much wider than subcostal space [contrary in
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FDB41B5AFD539E2F" box="[542,675,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Principiala</emphasis>
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] and costal gradate series of crossveins represented by few basal crossveins located near costal margin [extended to at least mid-point of costal space, located far from costal margin in
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FEA51B09FE649E72" box="[271,404,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Principiala</emphasis>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C46C7FFAF2422FF6F1BD7FE2E9D7F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAF2421FF6F1BD7FB619E9B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1574,2026]" box="[197,1169,1922,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FF6F1BD7FECE9E9B" bold="true" box="[197,318,1922,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Some character states found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAF2421FD1E1BD6FCB59E9B" box="[692,837,1923,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" genus="Allorapisma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FD1E1BD6FCB59E9B" box="[692,837,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Allorapisma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are of considerable interest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAF2422FF6F1BFCFB829821" blockId="1.[151,1437,1574,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,1144]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">
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The proximal branches of Rs are short and appear to fuse with MA. Within the family, this has been previously only found in the Cretaceous genus
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAF2421FD651B85FCA79EEE" box="[719,855,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="56">Principiala</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD768BDFFAF2421FCF51B85FA689EED" author="Makarkin" box="[863,1432,2000,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refString="Makarkin, V. N. & Menon, F. (2007) First record of the fossil ' rapismatid-like' Ithonidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 27, 743 - 753." type="journal article" year="2007">Makarkin & Menon (Makarkin & Menon 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: Fig. 5A). This feature is also found in the vast majority of
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FCE51CCDFC1399B5" box="[847,995,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FC5F1CCDFBE999B6" box="[1013,1049,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">i.e.</emphasis>
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, all
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FBE41CCDFB1599B5" box="[1102,1253,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrysopinae">Chrysopinae</taxonomicName>
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, Apochrysinae, and some
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FEB21CEBFE1399DF" box="[280,483,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nothochrysinae">Nothochrysinae</taxonomicName>
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, but absent in Mesozoic
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FC8A1CEBFC6C99DF" box="[800,924,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lamiinae">Lamiinae</taxonomicName>
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), and possibly in the psychopsoid genus
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FF3D1CB0FEB899F9" box="[151,328,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Hongosmylites</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD768BDFFAC2422FEE51CB0FD4099F8" author="Makarkin" box="[335,688,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Makarkin, V. N. & Menon, F. (2005) New species of the Mesochrysopidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Crato Formation of Brazil (Lower Cretaceous), with taxonomic treatments of the family. Cretaceous Research, 26, 801 - 812." type="journal article" year="2005">Makarkin & Archibald, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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. It appears clear that this condition is convergent among these three phylogenetically distant taxa,
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<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FD921D59FDAC9822" box="[568,604,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">i.e.</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FDC01D59FD2C9821" box="[618,732,268,294]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ithonidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FD421D59FC8F9821" box="[744,895,268,294]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
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, and Psychopsoidea.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAC2422FF6F1D67FD669A97" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
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MA and MP are completely separated, with MA originating from R. This condition has been reported to occur very rarely within the order, and it is currently unclear if any of these cases may withstand close scrutiny.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD768BDFFAC2422FEA81DD5FDA5989D" author="Makarkin" box="[258,597,384,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Makarkin, V. N. & Menon, F. (2007) First record of the fossil ' rapismatid-like' Ithonidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 27, 743 - 753." type="journal article" year="2007">Makarkin and Menon (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered M to be divided into MA and MP near the forewing base in
|
||
<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FF3D1DF2FE8898C7" box="[151,376,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Principiala incerta</emphasis>
|
||
. Here we revise this interpretation.
|
||
<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FC881DF2FC7F98C7" box="[802,911,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">P. i n c e r t a</emphasis>
|
||
is known from two specimens; in both, this region is somewhat obscured by the frenulum of the hind wing. Despite this, it can be confidently determined that in the forewing of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDABEEFFAC2422FE731DA1FDB19B09" box="[473,577,500,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FDC01DA1FD289B0A" box="[618,728,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">P. i n c e r t a</emphasis>
|
||
, MA and MP indeed approach each other toward the wing base and it’s possible that they might have a common stem of M. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDABEEFFAC2422FC541E4FFB989B33" box="[1022,1128,538,564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, however, MA appears to originate from R,
|
||
<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FECD1E14FE7B9B5D" box="[359,395,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, MA is separated from MP (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD768BDFFAC2422FD7D1E14FBF89B5C" author="Makarkin" box="[727,1032,577,603]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Makarkin, V. N. & Menon, F. (2007) First record of the fossil ' rapismatid-like' Ithonidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 27, 743 - 753." type="journal article" year="2007">Makarkin & Menon 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: as seen in the photograph of basal portions of the wings in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD768BDFFAC2422FE7B1E3DFCEB9B85" author="Makarkin" box="[465,795,616,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Makarkin, V. N. & Menon, F. (2007) First record of the fossil ' rapismatid-like' Ithonidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 27, 743 - 753." type="journal article" year="2007">Makarkin & Menon 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D09C9FFAC2422FC821E3DFC849B85" box="[808,884,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1336,1360]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,197,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[172,1416,197,1311]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Allorapisma chuorum gen. et sp. nov., holotype specimen SR 08 - 14 - 01. A, photograph. B, drawing of the forewing. Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186900/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B; the forewing was incompletely drawn in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD768BDFFAC2422FF3D1EDBFE2A9BAF" author="Makarkin" box="[151,474,654,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Makarkin, V. N. & Menon, F. (2007) First record of the fossil ' rapismatid-like' Ithonidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 27, 743 - 753." type="journal article" year="2007">Makarkin & Menon 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Fig. 5A). Therefore, it should be considered that this character state may be variable in this species. Most Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FDD11EE0FD1A9BC8" box="[635,746,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ithonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some Eurasian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FC711EE0FBB99BC8" box="[987,1097,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dilaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FBF11EE0FB8F9BC9" box="[1115,1151,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, the majority of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FF121E89FE949BF1" authority="Rambur" authorityName="Rambur" box="[184,356,732,758]" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FF121E89FF099BF2" box="[184,249,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Dilar</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) possess a superficially similar vein configuration in this area. In these taxa, one to three branches of what might appear to be MA also originate from R basal to the origin of Rs; here, we interpret these confidently as branches of Rs, as indicated of the location of the distal nygma, which in these families is always situated between the two most proximal branches of Rs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FC351F05FC339A6E" box="[927,963,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD768BDFFAC2422FC701F05FBAA9A6D" author="New" box="[986,1114,848,874]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="New, T. R. (1991) Neuroptera (lacewings). In: Naumann, I. D. (Chief Ed.), The Insects of Australia, 2 nd edn, Vol. 1. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 525 - 542." type="book chapter" year="1991">New 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Fig. 34.7A, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FA891F05FA689A6D" box="[1315,1432,848,874]" class="Insecta" family="Ithonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ithonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD768BDFFAC2422FF3D1F23FEA59A97" author="Monserrat" box="[151,341,886,912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Monserrat V. J. (1988) Revision de los dilaridos ibericos (Neuropteroidea, Planipennia: Dilaridae). EOS: Revista Espanola de Entomologia, 64, 175 - 205." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35155DCFFAC2422FF3D1F23FEE09A97" box="[151,272,886,912]" name="Montserrat" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">Monserrat</collectingCountry>
|
||
1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Fig. 13–17, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FDB21F23FD7B9A97" box="[536,651,886,912]" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dilaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAC2422FF6F1FC8FCB89D03" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The basal fusion of MP and Cu is unique within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FCE11FC8FC289AB0" box="[843,984,925,951]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If this is a consistent character state within the species and not an individual anomaly of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDABEEFFAC2422FC961F91FC559AD9" box="[828,933,964,990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(this part of the wing is missing from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FDABEEFFAC2422FF3D1FBFFEF19D03" box="[151,257,1002,1028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
), it is unquestionably a significant autapomorphy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9154CFFAC2422FF6F1844FE2E9D7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The strong concavity of MA is unusual in hemerobiiform
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FCC61844FC049D2C" box="[876,1012,1041,1067]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it is a condition more characteristic of psychopsoids (
|
||
<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FEC7186DFE6A9D56" box="[365,410,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FE00186DFD779D55" box="[426,647,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Kalligrammatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kalligrammatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FD39186DFC7B9D55" box="[659,907,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylopsychopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylopsychopidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and myrmelentoids (
|
||
<emphasis id="B932C95EFFAC2422FB3D186DFB339D56" box="[1175,1219,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="57">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C466ECFFFAC2422FB79186DFA649D55" box="[1235,1428,1080,1106]" class="Insecta" family="Palaeoleontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Palaeoleontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD768BDFFAC2422FF35180BFE219D7F" author="Menon" box="[159,465,1118,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="62" refString="Menon, F. & Makarkin, V. N. 2008. New fossil lacewings and antlions (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil. Palaeontology, 51, 149 - 162." type="journal article" year="2008">Menon & Makarkin 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |