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<mods:title id="901A2A748B25B1F1F966390067EE0257">The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B82070F0E345A5F2FC955E399083FE4C">Bartsch, Ilse</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BDE36F3FFECFF95FF12A32BFE4CFBC8" blockId="7.[151,420,1076,1135]" box="[151,420,1076,1102]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<heading id="D096819FFFECFF95FF12A32BFE4CFBC8" bold="true" box="[151,420,1076,1102]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D70FFECFF95FF12A32BFE4CFBC8" authority="Viets, 1927" authorityName="Viets" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,420,1076,1102]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Agauopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFECFF95FF12A32BFE4CFBC8" bold="true" box="[151,420,1076,1102]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFECFF95FF12A32BFEFCFBC8" bold="true" box="[151,276,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Agauopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FE99A32BFE4CFBC8" author="Viets" box="[284,420,1076,1102]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Viets, K. (1927) Die Halacaridae der Nordsee. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 130, 83 - 173." type="journal article" year="1927">Viets, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36F3FFECFF95FF12A349FEF0FBE9" blockId="7.[151,420,1076,1135]" box="[151,280,1110,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">(Figs 915)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B6578FFECFF95FF12A381FC33F800" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDE36F3FFECFF95FF12A381FD3CFB31" blockId="7.[151,1437,1182,2035]" box="[151,724,1182,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFECFF95FF12A381FEDAFB31" bold="true" box="[151,306,1182,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<typeStatus id="54DA8851FFECFF95FF12A381FF3AFB31" box="[151,210,1182,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D70FFECFF95FEBCA380FD27FB31" authority="Trouessart, 1889" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1889" box="[313,719,1182,1207]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Agaue" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpus">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFECFF95FEBCA380FDE2FB31" box="[313,522,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Agaue brevipalpus</emphasis>
Trouessart, 1889
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36F3FFECFF95FF42A3DDFF19F955" blockId="7.[151,1437,1182,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFECFF95FF42A3DDFEF5FB5D" bold="true" box="[199,285,1218,1243]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Adults.</emphasis>
In both female and male GP and AP fused. Female GP with (two to) three (to four) pairs of pgs, these setae filiform and smooth, rarely with delicate filaments (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FCDAA3F8FC0BFB79" author="Otto" box="[863,995,1255,1279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Otto, J. C. (1999 a) Halacarid fauna of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea: the genera Agauopsis and Halacaropsis (Acarina: Halacaridae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43, 797 - 817." type="journal article" year="1999" yearSuffix="a">Otto 1999a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7C). GO in posterior half of GA. Each genital sclerite with zero to four sgs. Three pairs of gac either almost equal-sized and adjacent (Fig. 9;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FACEA215FF3BFAC1" author="Benard" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Benard, F. (1962) Sur une nouvelle espece d'acariens marin, Agauopsis tricuspis (superfamille des Prostigmata, famille des Halacaridae). Acarologia, 4, 215 - 229." type="journal article" year="1962">Benard 1962</bibRefCitation>
: fig VIII, 3) or somewhat different in length and separated into two adjacent anterior and a third posterior pair (Figs 13, 14;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FEA9A24DFE3BFAED" author="Bartsch" box="[300,467,1362,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Bartsch, I. (1977 b) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. XX. Halacaridae (Acari). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 65, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Bartsch 1977b</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 276). Ovipositor at rest short, if at all only slightly extending beyond GO. Genital spines generally distinctly sclerotized (brown colour), palmate and flattened, ending with several small tines (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FAECA268FECDFA35" author="Otto" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Otto, J. C. (1994) New species of Halacaridae from Australia (Acarina: Prostigmata). Acarologia, 35, 31 - 48." type="journal article" year="1994">Otto 1994: fig. 11</bibRefCitation>
) or spiniform, smooth and slender. Basal pair of spines in some species absent in other species present (Figs 9, 13, 14). Ovipositor apically with two pairs of anterior and three or four pairs of posterior genital spines (Fig. 11;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FF79A2FDFE78FA7D" author="Benard" box="[252,400,1506,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Benard, F. (1962) Sur une nouvelle espece d'acariens marin, Agauopsis tricuspis (superfamille des Prostigmata, famille des Halacaridae). Acarologia, 4, 215 - 229." type="journal article" year="1962">Benard 1962</bibRefCitation>
: fig VIII, 3). Male GA often somewhat smaller than that of female. Plate with 1550 pairs of setiform pgs, these generally smooth, rarely plumose (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FD70A119FC62F999" author="Newell" box="[757,906,1542,1567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Newell, I. M. (1984) Antarctic Halacaroidea. Antarctic Research Series, 40, 1 - 284. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1029 / AR 040" type="journal article" year="1984">Newell 1984</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 631;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FC7FA119FB77F999" author="Bartsch" box="[1018,1183,1542,1567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Bartsch, I. (1985 c) Zur Halacaridenfauna (Halacaridae, Acari) der Philippinen. Beschreibung von drei neuen Arten. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 82, 269 - 277." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="c">Bartsch 1985c</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 8, 2007b: fig. 4C;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FF12A134FEF0F9C5" author="Otto" box="[151,280,1579,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Otto, J. C. (1999 a) Halacarid fauna of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea: the genera Agauopsis and Halacaropsis (Acarina: Halacaridae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43, 797 - 817." type="journal article" year="1999" yearSuffix="a">Otto 1999a</bibRefCitation>
: figs 8, 11), arranged close around GO; often one pair of setae outlying. Distance between GO and anal cone almost the same or slightly larger than in female. Genital sclerites with three to five pairs of short, often spurlike sgs. GO with two or three pairs of gac (Figs 10, 12, 15); third pair may be obscured by internal sclerites. Most species with small epimeral pores, with slit-like opening; in a few species epimeral pores obscured by apodemes or lacking.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36F3FFECFF95FF42A1C1FC33F800" blockId="7.[151,1437,1182,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFECFF95FF42A1C1FED4F971" bold="true" box="[199,316,1758,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Juveniles.</emphasis>
With a larva and two nymphal stages. In most nymphal stages GP and AP separated (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FAD5A1C0FF3BF89D" author="Krantz" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Krantz, G. W. (1973) Four new predatory species of Halacaridae (Acari: Prostigmata) from Oregon, with remarks on their distribution in the intertidal mussel habitats (Pelecypoda: Mytilidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 66, 975 - 985." type="journal article" year="1973">Krantz 1973</bibRefCitation>
: figs 13, 14;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FEF2A01DFDCAF89D" author="Bartsch" box="[375,546,1794,1819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Bartsch, I. (1996 c) Halacarines (Acari: Halacaridae) from Rottnest Island, Western Australia: the genera Agauopsis Viets and Halacaropsis gen. nov. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 18, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="c">Bartsch 1996c</bibRefCitation>
: figs 31, 34), in a few species GP and AP fused (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FB05A01DFA67F89D" author="Bartsch" box="[1152,1423,1794,1819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Bartsch, I. (1984 b) Erganzungen zur Halacariden-Fauna der Bretagne-Kuste und Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Halacaridae, Acari). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 25, 113 - 122." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bartsch 1984b: fig. 10</bibRefCitation>
). Deutonymphal GP with two pairs of internal gac, two pairs of pgs and zero to two pairs of sgs (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FB5DA038FA82F8B9" author="Krantz" box="[1240,1386,1830,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Krantz, G. W. (1976) Arenicolous Halacaridae from the intertidal zone of Schooner Creek, Oregon (Acari: Prostigmata). Acarologia, 18, 241 - 258." type="journal article" year="1976">Krantz 1976</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 29;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FF47A055FE80F8E5" author="Bartsch" box="[194,360,1866,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Bartsch, I. (1984 b) Erganzungen zur Halacariden-Fauna der Bretagne-Kuste und Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Halacaridae, Acari). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 25, 113 - 122." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bartsch 1984b</bibRefCitation>
: fig 10, 1996e: p. 705, fig. 29;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FD47A054FC5EF8E5" author="Pepato" box="[706,950,1866,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Pepato, A. &amp; Tiago, C. G. (2005) Two new species of Agauopsis (Acari, Halacaridae) from southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 994, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2005">Pepato &amp; Tiago 2005</bibRefCitation>
: fig 4E). Protonymphal GP with single pair of gac; neither pgs nor sgs present. Larval AE always with epimeral pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B6578FFECFF95FF42A08DFEBBF875" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDE36F3FFECFF95FF42A08DFEBBF875" blockId="7.[151,1437,1182,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFECFF95FF42A08DFED3F82D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1938,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D70FFECFF95FEC4A08CFE5EF82C" box="[321,438,1939,1962]" class="Arachnida" family="Halacaridae" genus="Agauopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915EAE1FFECFF95FEC4A08CFE5EF82C" box="[321,438,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Agauopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes more than 80 species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FC9EA08DFC2AF82D" author="Bartsch" box="[795,962,1938,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Bartsch, I. (2009 a) Checklist of marine and freshwater halacarid mite genera and species (Halacaridae: Acari) with notes on synonyms, habitats, distribution and descriptions of the taxa. Zootaxa, 1998, 1 - 170." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="a">Bartsch 2009a</bibRefCitation>
). The majority of species can be attributed to species groups (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FE09A0A9FDD8F849" author="Bartsch" box="[396,560,1974,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Bartsch, I. (1986 c) Zur Gattung Agauopsis (Acari, Halacaridae), Beschreibung zweier Arten und Ubersicht uber Verwandtschaftsgruppen. Zoologica Scripta, 15, 165 - 174. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1986. tb 00219. x" type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="c">Bartsch 1986c</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B02FFECFF95FDB9A0A9FD6DF849" author="Bartsch" box="[572,645,1974,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Bartsch, I. (2005 d) The Australian Agauopsis fauna (Halacaridae: Acari), with description of new and known species. In: Wells, F. E., Walker, D. I. &amp; Kendrick, G. A. (Eds.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Esperance, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 343 - 362." type="book chapter" year="2005" yearSuffix="d">2005d</bibRefCitation>
), most of these groups are spread all around the globe. The genus is in need of revision.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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