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<document id="E5EA1989519EEC8B60AEDCFF9F78B53C" ID-CLB-Dataset="27692" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4543.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9a6e20a7-1a82-439c-bf30-07a892b110ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2618013" ID-ZooBank="EDFF0523-01DE-4F51-8499-ED82437EB049" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553928709239" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Acevedo, Melissa J., Straehler-Pohl, Ilka, Morandini, André C., Stampar, Sergio N., Bentlage, Bastian, Matsumoto, George I., Yanagihara, Angel, Toshino, Sho, Bordehore, César &amp; Fuentes, Verónica L." docDate="2019" docId="03B45208FFE5F01F14B9FED6DCE29A57" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4543.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4543 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Carybdea branchi , Gershwin &amp; Gibbons 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="528" masterDocId="FF8D2A70FFEEF012142EFA33DF2B986A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="515" pageNumber="526" updateTime="1698715523599" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3EE23EFB284D4237157512659B4B998F">Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="153B92BC3D449EB942C1140BCE2E299C">Acevedo, Melissa J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="040CC3E2319276A4F6E9AAA11B685563">Stampar, Sergio N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2EC8267A70C5A13FF690C9C3C97647B0">Matsumoto, George I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA74733D7399050F618B22CFAF4C1292">Yanagihara, Angel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7ECE430DEC8B9DD20DE1A50A74493048">Toshino, Sho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A67ABC63FAB19B3939CCC53A6915C7E">Bordehore, César</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B45208FFE5F01F14B9FED6DCE29A57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5943455" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5943455" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B45208FFE5F01F14B9FED6DCE29A57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B45208FFE5F01F14B9FED6DCE29A57" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE5F01914B9FED6DDE79C95" box="[151,716,1253,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE5F01914B9FED6DDE79C95" blockId="11.[151,716,1253,1312]" box="[151,716,1253,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<heading id="D0EA5472FFE5F01914B9FED6DDE79C95" bold="true" box="[151,716,1253,1279]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE5F01914B9FED6DDE79C95" ID-CoL="8L8VJ" authority="Gershwin &amp; Gibbons, 2009" authorityName=", Gershwin &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,716,1253,1279]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="branchi">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE5F01914B9FED6DDE79C95" bold="true" box="[151,716,1253,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE5F01914B9FED6DE5B9C95" bold="true" box="[151,368,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Carybdea branchi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE5F0191559FED6DDE79C95" author="Gershwin, L. &amp; Gibbons, M. J." box="[375,716,1253,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="41 - 50" refId="ref19020" refString="Gershwin, L. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. (2009) Carybdea branchi, sp. nov., a new box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from South Africa. Zootaxa, 2088, 41 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009">Gershwin &amp; Gibbons, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE5F01914B9FF34DE279D4A" box="[151,268,1287,1312]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE5F01914B9FF34DE279D4A" blockId="11.[151,716,1253,1312]" box="[151,268,1287,1312]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE5F01914B9FF34DFC99D4A" box="[151,226,1287,1312]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. arborifera: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) rounded pedalial canal knee bend C) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus, note multiple stems of gastric filaments (arrow) D) two short-stemmed (arrow), brush-shaped gastric filaments E) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note broad and quite simple branching structure of velarial canals. C. branchi: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) colourful pedalium of living specimen H) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus I) close up of base of gastric phacellus, note single root as origin of gastric filaments (arrow) J) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note complex lobes and branching structure of velarial canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618017/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
FJ
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE5F01914B9FF7CDDAA9EC7" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE5F01914B9FF7CDDAA9EC7" blockId="11.[151,1437,1359,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE5F01914B9FF7CDEA79D02" bold="true" box="[151,396,1359,1384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Material examined:</emphasis>
Seven (7) living adult individuals collected by the authors for gross morphological examinations; 5 preserved adult individuals for detailed morphological observations, Hout Bay (
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE5F01910D8FF47DABB9DE7" box="[1270,1424,1396,1421]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">South Africa</collectingCountry>
); collected by A. C. Morandini &amp; S. N. Stampar, May 0 5, 2013; preserved in 5% formaldehyde solution. One (1) specimen deposited in the Natural History Museum of Barcelona (Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona),
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE5F01914B9FFECDFFC9D92" box="[151,215,1503,1528]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Spain</collectingCountry>
(MZB 2015-4807). Four (4) specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum of London (NHM 2000.1800-1803), labelled as
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE5F01915C2FC37DDE09E77" box="[492,715,1540,1565]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robsonae">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE5F01915C2FC37DDE09E77" box="[492,715,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Carybdea robsonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Gershwin 2000, (mentioned as “
<typeStatus id="54A65DBCFFE5F0191043FC37DBF69E76" box="[1133,1245,1540,1564]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
” in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE5F019113EFC37DE179E2A" author="Gershwin, L. &amp; Gibbons, M. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="526" pagination="41 - 50" refId="ref19020" refString="Gershwin, L. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. (2009) Carybdea branchi, sp. nov., a new box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from South Africa. Zootaxa, 2088, 41 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009">Gershwin &amp; Gibbons 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Simons Town Docks, False Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE5F01916F5FC14DC5A9E2A" box="[731,881,1575,1600]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, collected
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE5F01917C1FC1BDBE69E2A" box="[1007,1229,1575,1600]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" value="1938-11-17">17 November 1938</date>
by the Discovery Expedition. One (1) specimen deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Science in Brussels (RBINS I.G. 11204) labelled as “
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE5F019155BFC42DD749EE2" box="[373,607,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE5F019155BFC42DD739EE2" box="[373,600,1647,1672]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tamoya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="haplonema">Tamoya haplonema</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
by Dr. G. Ranson, collected
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE5F01917B1FC43DB7C9EE2" box="[927,1111,1648,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" value="1937-01-18">18 January 1937</date>
by the Cruise of &quot;Mercator&quot;,
<quantity id="4CE54EFBFFE5F01914B9FCA7DFC29EC7" box="[151,233,1684,1709]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 miles</quantity>
off Luderitz Bay (
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE5F0191596FCA7DD369EC7" box="[440,541,1684,1709]" name="Namibia" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, Africa).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE5F01914E9FC84DB449F72" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE5F01914E9FC84DB449F72" blockId="11.[151,1437,1359,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE5F01914E9FC84DE119EBA" bold="true" box="[199,314,1719,1744]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Robust and well sculpted body; gastric phacellae epaulette shaped, single rooted, multiple stemmed; velarial canals 2 per octant; complexely branched; pedalia knee bend upwards turned volcano-shaped. The brownish pigmentation of the phacellae and pedalia is characteristic of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE5F01F14E9FD17DABD99BA" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="11" pageNumber="526" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE5F01914E9FD17DAA39F9B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1359,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE5F01914E9FD17DE709F57" bold="true" box="[199,347,1828,1853]" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Description:</emphasis>
Adult Medusa: Bell (
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE5F019167EFD17DD8D9F56" box="[592,678,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. arborifera: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) rounded pedalial canal knee bend C) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus, note multiple stems of gastric filaments (arrow) D) two short-stemmed (arrow), brush-shaped gastric filaments E) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note broad and quite simple branching structure of velarial canals. C. branchi: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) colourful pedalium of living specimen H) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus I) close up of base of gastric phacellus, note single root as origin of gastric filaments (arrow) J) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note complex lobes and branching structure of velarial canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618017/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="526">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
), highly transparent, gastric phacellae, yellowish to reddish-brown, pedalia light brown at outer wing base, reddish brown at distal end of outer wing pigmentation fades very fast after preservation; cube-shaped, densely scattered with white nematocyst warts of different shapes and sizes; mammilation scatters bell from apex to bell margin (bigger nematocyst warts at interradial furrows and bell margin, smaller nematocyst warts on bell sides and apex); apex plane convex, thick mesoglea, no horizontal constriction near the top present. Bell height
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high, bell width up to
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(preserved specimens).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62B396FFE2F01E14B9FF75DD579E7E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618017/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="527" startId="12.[151,250,1350,1372]" targetBox="[150,1437,195,1326]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE2F01E14B9FF75DD579E7E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1350,1556]" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE2F01E14B9FF75DE399D36" bold="true" box="[151,274,1350,1372]" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Characters for identification of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE2F01E167AFF75DD939D36" authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[596,696,1350,1372]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="527" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE2F01E167AFF75DD939D36" box="[596,696,1350,1372]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">Carybdea</emphasis>
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species (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens).
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE2F01E14B9FF55DE349D11" authorityName=", Maas" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,287,1381,1403]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="527" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborifera">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE2F01E14B9FF55DE349D11" box="[151,287,1381,1403]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">C. arborifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) rounded pedalial canal knee bend C) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus, note multiple stems of gastric filaments (arrow) D) two short-stemmed (arrow), brush-shaped gastric filaments E) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note broad and quite simple branching structure of velarial canals.
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE2F01E105BFF90DBCF9DD2" authorityName=", Gershwin &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2009" box="[1141,1252,1442,1464]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="527" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="branchi">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE2F01E105BFF90DBCF9DD2" box="[1141,1252,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">C. branchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) colourful pedalium of living specimen H) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus I) close up of base of gastric phacellus, note single root as origin of gastric filaments (arrow) J) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note complex lobes and branching structure of velarial canals.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE2F01E14E9FC56DDD79F64" blockId="12.[151,1436,1637,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">
Pedalia (
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE2F01E1507FC56DEAE9E14" box="[297,389,1637,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. arborifera: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) rounded pedalial canal knee bend C) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus, note multiple stems of gastric filaments (arrow) D) two short-stemmed (arrow), brush-shaped gastric filaments E) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note broad and quite simple branching structure of velarial canals. C. branchi: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) colourful pedalium of living specimen H) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus I) close up of base of gastric phacellus, note single root as origin of gastric filaments (arrow) J) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note complex lobes and branching structure of velarial canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618017/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
), 4, simple, unbranched, flattened, scalpel-shaped, brownish colour marks on base and distal end of outer wing, measures approx. 1/2 bell height in length, situated in each interradial corner, outer keel densely scattered with irregular, white nematocyst warts, carrying single, flesh coloured tentacle; pedalial canal stark depressed at base, square in diameter with lateral keels, going straight through pedalium, showing a volcanoshaped, upwards turned knee bend without appendage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE2F01E14E9FD2ADBBF9FF4" blockId="12.[151,1436,1637,2022]" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">Rhopalia, 4, located inside heart-shaped rhopalial niche ostium. Orifice with triangular upper covering scale with pointed tip, 2 narrow, longish, lower scales, creating a compressed or narrow heart-shaped orifice (resembling almost Y-shaped); very small, round nematocyst warts scattered on scale; approx. 1/4 to 1/5 of bell height up from margin; rhopalium with 6 eyes (2 median lens eyes + 2 lateral slit eyes + 2 lateral pit eyes).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE2F01F14E9FD9ADC4998BF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1637,2022]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">
Velarium (
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE2F01E156EFD9ADEBF9FAB" box="[320,404,1961,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. arborifera: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) rounded pedalial canal knee bend C) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus, note multiple stems of gastric filaments (arrow) D) two short-stemmed (arrow), brush-shaped gastric filaments E) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note broad and quite simple branching structure of velarial canals. C. branchi: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) colourful pedalium of living specimen H) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus I) close up of base of gastric phacellus, note single root as origin of gastric filaments (arrow) J) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note complex lobes and branching structure of velarial canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618017/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="527">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
), free of nematocyst warts, containing 2 velarial canal roots per octant, canals dendritic, some side branches tend to grow in centripetal direction (growth directed away from velarial margin, as defined by Thiel 1970); canals flanking frenulum are as complexly branched as the ones flanking pedalia with 2 to 4 dendritic, lobed main branches and several dendritic, lobed side branches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE3F01F14E9FAECDB7799ED" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">
Manubrium (1/22/3 bell height in length) with conspicuously long and broad mouth arms (2/3 manubrium length), tips rounded, without nematocyst warts, and connected to flat and shallow stomach; stomach communicates perradially with 4 gastric pockets leading into velarial canals. Gastric phacellae (
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE3F01F1120FB14DA45992A" box="[1294,1390,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. arborifera: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) rounded pedalial canal knee bend C) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus, note multiple stems of gastric filaments (arrow) D) two short-stemmed (arrow), brush-shaped gastric filaments E) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note broad and quite simple branching structure of velarial canals. C. branchi: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) colourful pedalium of living specimen H) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus I) close up of base of gastric phacellus, note single root as origin of gastric filaments (arrow) J) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note complex lobes and branching structure of velarial canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618017/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
), 4, epaulette-shaped, mounted on 4 stomach corners, consisting of 1520 brush-shaped filaments per quadrant, multiple stalked, stalks of filaments tightly aligned (
<figureCitation id="1326FF9BFFE3F01F16F1FB5CDC0699E2" box="[735,813,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[150,1437,195,1326]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. arborifera: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) rounded pedalial canal knee bend C) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus, note multiple stems of gastric filaments (arrow) D) two short-stemmed (arrow), brush-shaped gastric filaments E) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note broad and quite simple branching structure of velarial canals. C. branchi: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) colourful pedalium of living specimen H) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus I) close up of base of gastric phacellus, note single root as origin of gastric filaments (arrow) J) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note complex lobes and branching structure of velarial canals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618017/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">
Fig.
<date id="FFA3C5DEFFE3F01F173DFB43DC0699E2" box="[787,813,368,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">2I</date>
</figureCitation>
), originated from one root.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE3F01F14E9FBA7DABD99BA" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">Gonads, 4 pairs, broad leaf-like to ovoid shape, separated by unperforated interradial septum, extending from stomach rim to bell margin, tapering slightly towards stomach rim and bell margin; sexes separated but unimorph.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307B095FFE3F01F14E8FBEFDCE29A57" pageId="13" pageNumber="528" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE3F01F14E8FBEFDA6C9A7D" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE3F01F14E8FBEFDE1C999F" bold="true" box="[198,311,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C9EEFFFE3F01F1512FBEFDD42999E" author="Gershwin, L. &amp; Gibbons, M. J." box="[316,617,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="528" pagination="41 - 50" refId="ref19020" refString="Gershwin, L. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. (2009) Carybdea branchi, sp. nov., a new box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from South Africa. Zootaxa, 2088, 41 - 50." type="journal article" year="2009">Gershwin &amp; Gibbons (2009)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE3F01F16F5FBEEDC60999F" authorityName=", Gershwin &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2009" box="[731,843,476,501]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="13" pageNumber="528" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="branchi">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE3F01F16F5FBEEDC60999F" box="[731,843,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">C. branchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new species from South African waters. Previously,
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE3F01F14B9F833DE2C9A72" authorityName=", Gershwin &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,263,511,536]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="13" pageNumber="528" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="branchi">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE3F01F14B9F833DE2C9A72" box="[151,263,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">C. branchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been misidentified in the literature as either
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE3F01F1729FBCCDC879A72" box="[775,940,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE3F01F1729FBCCDC5B9A72" authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1810" box="[775,880,511,536]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="13" pageNumber="528" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Carybdea</taxonomicName>
alata
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE3F01F1792FBCCDB6E9A72" box="[956,1093,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE3F01F1792FBCCDB229A72" authorityName="Gershwin" authorityYear="2005" box="[956,1033,511,536]" class="Cubozoa" family="Alatinidae" genus="Alatina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="13" pageNumber="528" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Alatina</taxonomicName>
alata
</emphasis>
) or
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE3F01F105EF832DA6B9A72" box="[1136,1344,511,536]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tamoya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="13" pageNumber="528" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="haplonema">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE3F01F105EF832DA6B9A72" box="[1136,1344,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">Tamoya haplonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2E31EFFE3F01F14E9F817DCE29A57" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,573]" box="[199,969,547,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE3F01F14E9F817DD5E9A57" bold="true" box="[199,629,547,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">
Reported distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D989DFFE3F01F15DFF810DD409A56" authorityName=", Gershwin &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2009" box="[497,619,547,572]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="13" pageNumber="528" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="branchi">
<emphasis id="B9693F0CFFE3F01F15DFF810DD409A56" bold="true" box="[497,619,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">C. branchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30AA38EFFE3F01F1652F817DC279A57" box="[636,780,548,573]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="528">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(South Atlantic)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>