273 lines
33 KiB
XML
273 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="87C06205BA624A33829FF4CAF0B1E74E" ID-DOI="10.1206/614.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5357156" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1630219262545" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Helgen, Kristofer M., Helgen, Lauren E. & Wilson, Don E." docDate="2009" docId="038987F47A71FFAE744E165F554744CF" docLanguage="en" docName="N3646.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3646" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/614.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pteropus coxi Helgen & Helgen & Wilson 2009, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFB0FF8C7A7CFFA1774B13205178467E" masterDocTitle="Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1720201531554" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D7167EF548739EEF86260FE29DAA65EE">Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F8EE30E9831495F5E7E0E2735092872C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="441010A7D24C5B3BFAA6667FE978F824">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3D0C45C8DA4CF7927E0912D944B50F71">Helgen, Kristofer M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C4BB1A9DD33C6FEF76785572ADB88A7E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="83428CD6CA1F1C2EF1E472425111FF61">Helgen, Lauren E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="54D1879F22D09F27C591D5A8DC62E0BF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1D236F81B77432AD2F6305222B3A30EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CEB15889D46F89ED75B7318FC15859BA">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="29FC7DDAA77E0C727BDFD7D4EE5D4712">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AB5323E06B24A3A28CDFA1FCDC497713">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="053626B94932D8A09B8964FC1A66D008">
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<mods:date id="FA168A430D53C21D88D7894A49E45325">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FD39E47C9D3A112D52CF55BEA912981B">2009-06-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D028121835B59357C2AC5161754AADE1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0A239E3FA8276A75FC5BA176FB86C99A">3646</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="CA8C50235A5712496541C6596CD63B9A">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/614.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="832C30B9D9C10BC1089ECF1C03D8847C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4A3F12543F51F8C577E2153747CBF0AF" type="DOI">10.1206/614.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BA99DD5FD63A82CBFCD4963DD19AF340" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038987F47A71FFAE744E165F554744CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987F47A71FFAE744E165F554744CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987F47A71FFAE744E165F554744CF" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C33A65697A71FFAC744E165F554B43E9" box="[773,1075,1407,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A71FFAC744E165F554B43E9" blockId="13.[773,1075,1407,1431]" box="[773,1075,1407,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D0D7818E7A71FFAC744E165F554B43E9" box="[773,1075,1407,1431]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A71FFAC744E165F52D843E9" ID-CoL="4Q2Z6" authority="Helgen & Helgen & Wilson, 2009" authorityName="Helgen & Helgen & Wilson" authorityYear="2009" box="[773,928,1407,1431]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A71FFAC744E165F52D843E9" bold="true" box="[773,928,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pteropus coxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A267578B7A71FFAC74FB165F554B43E9" box="[944,1075,1407,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A65697A71FFAF75FB16BD53454281" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A71FFAC75FB16BD5394401A" blockId="13.[662,1188,1437,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<materialsCitation id="3B483CBF7A71FFAC75FB16BD5394401A" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Samoan Is. & L. K. Gordon" country="United States of America" location="U. S." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="USNM 3791" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="549B88407A71FFAC75FB16BD525943CD" box="[688,801,1437,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: The
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<typeStatus id="549B88407A71FFAC743216BD52A543CB" box="[889,989,1437,1461]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A71FFAC734316BD55DC43CB" authorityName="Helgen & Helgen & Wilson" authorityYear="2009" box="[1032,1188,1437,1461]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxi">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A71FFAC734316BD55DC43CB" box="[1032,1188,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pteropus coxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<specimenCode id="DB869E997A71FFAC75FF169A523543AC" box="[692,845,1466,1490]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">USNM 3791</specimenCode>
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, skull of an adult, probably male, from the ‘‘
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<collectorName id="26D553347A71FFAC740516F752AB4391" box="[846,979,1495,1519]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Samoan Is.</collectorName>
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’’, collected during the
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<collectingCountry id="F33776727A71FFAC758816D5538E4073" box="[707,758,1525,1549]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842. The skin of this specimen bore the number 3953 but is now apparently lost (
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<collectorName id="26D553347A71FFAC734E150F55E74039" box="[1029,1183,1583,1607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L.K. Gordon</collectorName>
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, in litt.).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A71FFAC75FB154A55DC40A4" blockId="13.[662,1188,1437,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<materialsCitation id="3B483CBF7A71FFAC75FB154A55DC40A4" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Samoan Is." country="United States of America" location="U. S." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="USNM 3790" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="549B88407A71FFAC75FB154A526640FF" box="[688,798,1642,1666]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB869E997A71FFAC7474154A52AC40FC" box="[831,980,1642,1666]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">USNM 3790</specimenCode>
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, skull of an adult, probably female, from ‘‘
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<collectorName id="26D553347A71FFAC74EE15A7555240E1" box="[933,1066,1671,1695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Samoan Is.</collectorName>
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’’, also collected during the
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<collectingCountry id="F33776727A71FFAC742D158552E040C3" box="[870,920,1701,1725]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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Exploring Expedition. The skin of this specimen bore the number
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5F666A7A72FFAF77DC170153CD42F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5357176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5357176/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,189,1057,1079]" targetBox="[131,1224,210,1023]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A72FFAF77DC170153CD42F9" blockId="14.[128,1228,1057,1159]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Fig. 10. Skulls of the four larger
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF7548170153D24249" box="[515,682,1057,1079]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF7548170153244248" box="[515,604,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pteropus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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of Vanuatu and Polynesia.
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF749A170152914249" bold="true" box="[977,1001,1057,1079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF74BA170155114248" authorityName="Quoy and Gaimard" authorityYear="1830" box="[1009,1129,1057,1078]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonganus">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF74BA170155114248" box="[1009,1129,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. tonganus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(AMNH 68738, adult male, ‘‘Samoa’’);
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF76F3171C50B6422C" bold="true" box="[440,462,1084,1106]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF769E171C532E422F" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[469,598,1084,1105]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF769E171C532E422F" box="[469,598,1084,1105]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. samoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(USNM 4465, unsexed adult, ‘‘Samoan Archipelago’’);
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF73DD171C55D6422C" bold="true" box="[1174,1198,1084,1106]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF73FE171C51D24212" authorityName="Helgen & Helgen & Wilson" authorityYear="2009" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxi">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF73FE171C51D24212" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. coxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(USNM 3953/3791, probably male, ‘‘Samoan Archipelago’’);
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF7473177652294212" bold="true" box="[824,849,1110,1132]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D,</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF7411177752A04212" box="[858,984,1111,1132]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anetianus">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF7411177752A04212" box="[858,984,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. anetianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(USNM 278062, adult female, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu). Scale bar 5 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A72FFAF77CB17EA53454281" blockId="14.[128,654,1226,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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3952 but, like the
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<typeStatus id="549B88407A72FFAF763217EA50A5429C" box="[377,477,1226,1250]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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skin, is now apparently lost (L.K. Gordon, in litt.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A65697A72FFAF77D1162650D440A4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A72FFAF77D1162650D440A4" blockId="14.[128,654,1226,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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DIAGNOSIS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF767B162650B44360" authorityName="Helgen & Helgen & Wilson" authorityYear="2009" box="[304,460,1286,1310]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxi">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF767B162650B44360" box="[304,460,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pteropus coxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a large flying fox similar in cranial conformation to
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF753E160451964327" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF753E160451964327" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. samoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF76731661509C4327" box="[312,484,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF7673166150B04327" box="[312,456,1345,1369]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anetianus">P. anetianus</taxonomicName>
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—
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</emphasis>
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with a robust skull featuring a rostrum of moderate length, a mandible with heavily developed posterior processes, and large molars—but considerably larger than
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF7647169850E643AE" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[268,414,1464,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF7647169850E643AE" box="[268,414,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. samoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF76AB1698531443AE" box="[480,620,1464,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anetianus">
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<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF76AB1698531443AE" box="[480,620,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. anetianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in cranial size, with larger canines and cheekteeth (
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<figureCitation id="131B2A677A72FFAF77CC16D251934074" box="[135,235,1522,1546]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="7.[112,150,1038,1060]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,189,1026,1048]" captionStartId-2="9.[112,150,1062,1084]" captionTargetBox-0="[97,1177,210,1004]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1200,210,991]" captionTargetBox-2="[91,1184,210,1028]" captionTargetId-0="figure-290@7.[97,1177,210,1004]" captionTargetId-1="figure-297@8.[154,1200,210,991]" captionTargetId-2="figure-272@9.[91,1184,210,1029]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="Fig. 4. Bivariate ecomorphological contrasts in Samoan Pteropus. A plot of rostral (orbitonasal) length versus zygomatic width discriminates the four Pteropus species recorded from Samoa. Sample represents all adult specimens (or nearly adult in the case of the unique holotype of P. allenorum) from the Samoan archipelago. Open triangles indicate P. samoensis; closed diamonds, P. tonganus; closed square, P. allenorum; open circles, P. coxi." captionText-1="Fig. 5. Bivariate ecomorphological contrasts in Samoan Pteropus (continued). A plot of maxillary toothrow length versus the distance across the upper canines also discriminates the four Pteropus species recorded from Samoa. Sample and symbols as for figure 4." captionText-2="Fig. 6. Maxillary toothrows of the four Pteropus species of Samoa, to scale. A, Pteropus allenorum (ANSP 1234, unsexed subadult); B, Pteropus samoensis (ANSP 1867, unsexed adult); C, Pteropus coxi (USNM 3791, adult, probably male); D, Pteropus tonganus (AMNH 68738, adult male). Scale bar 5 5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357164" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357166" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357168" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5357164/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5357166/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5357168/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A677A72FFAF77B116D250714074" box="[250,265,1522,1546]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[112,150,1023,1045]" captionTargetBox="[96,1178,210,989]" captionTargetId="figure-254@11.[96,1178,210,989]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 8. Multivariate morphometric comparisons in Samoan Pteropus (principal components analysis), drawing from 10 log-transformed craniodental measurements, divide the four Pteropus species recorded from Samoa into four discrete quadrant clusters. Sample and symbols as for figure 4. In this case, overall size can be visualized on the first component (increasing from right to left), while the loadings on the second component serve as an indication of general ‘‘robustness’’ (increasing from top to bottom). See text and table 3. Parenthetical numbers on the axes indicate the proportion of variance for each principal component (see table 3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5357172/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A677A72FFAF765116D2504F4074" box="[282,311,1522,1546]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[151,189,1057,1079]" captionTargetBox="[131,1224,210,1023]" captionTargetId="figure-263@14.[131,1224,209,1023]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 10. Skulls of the four larger Pteropus species of Vanuatu and Polynesia. A, P. tonganus (AMNH 68738, adult male, ‘‘Samoa’’); B, P. samoensis (USNM 4465, unsexed adult, ‘‘Samoan Archipelago’’); C, P. coxi (USNM 3953/3791, probably male, ‘‘Samoan Archipelago’’); D, P. anetianus (USNM 278062, adult female, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu). Scale bar 5 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5357176/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A677A72FFAF760C16D2501D4074" box="[327,357,1522,1546]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,189,1041,1063]" captionTargetBox="[136,1219,210,1006]" captionTargetId="figure-275@20.[136,1219,210,1007]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. Bivariate plot of the two canonical variates in a discriminant function analysis contrasting samples identified as Pteropus samoensis (Fiji and Samoa, triangles), Pteropus anetianus (Vanuatu, closed circles), and Pteropus coxi (Samoa, open circles). Parenthetical numbers on the axes indicate the proportion of variance for each variate (see table 5)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5357184/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF754516D351CD4056" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1869" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF754516D351CD4056" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Santa Cruz Islands (an outlying island group between the Solomon archipelago and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33776727A72FFAF779E156B5044401D" box="[213,316,1611,1635]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF7604156C50E7401A" authorityName="Helgen & Helgen & Wilson" authorityYear="2009" box="[335,415,1612,1636]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF7604156C50E7401A" box="[335,415,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. coxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species in the genus in which the very large upper canines sometimes (in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF755815A7531E40E1" authorityName="Helgen & Helgen & Wilson" authorityYear="2009" box="[531,614,1671,1695]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF755815A7531E40E1" box="[531,614,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. coxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in one of the two available specimens) bear a secondary, posterior cusp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A65697A72FFAE759317EA555C4763" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A72FFAF759317EA55B340A4" blockId="14.[701,1228,1226,1754]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION: The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33776727A72FFAF748117EA5284429C" box="[970,1020,1226,1250]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Exploring Expedition visited the Samoan archipelago from 7 October to 10 November in 1839, exploring the islands of Tutuila, Upolu, Savai9i, and the Manua group; some members of the expedition also returned to Upolu for visits in following years (one ship, the Porpoise returned
|
||
<date id="FF9E10227A72FFAF745316B9557143CF" box="[792,1033,1433,1457]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1840-09-04" valueMax="1840-09-08" valueMin="1840-09-04">4-8 September 1840</date>
|
||
to Upolu; two ships, the Peacock and Flying Fish, returned
|
||
<date id="FF9E10227A72FFAF73F5169755724393" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" value="1841-02-06" valueMax="1841-03-06" valueMin="1841-02-06">6 February to 6 March 1841</date>
|
||
; M. Grunes, in litt.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF744E16D352D04075" authorityName="Helgen & Helgen & Wilson" authorityYear="2009" box="[773,936,1523,1547]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF744E16D352D04075" box="[773,936,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pteropus coxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only by the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B88407A72FFAF75F6153052594056" box="[701,801,1552,1576]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B88407A72FFAF7428153052B24056" box="[867,970,1552,1576]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which were collected at some time during the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33776727A72FFAF7358150E553E4038" box="[1043,1094,1582,1606]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Exploring Expedition, but localized only generally to the ‘‘Samoan Is.[lands]’’ or ‘‘Samoan Isle’’ on their accompanying labels. We regard
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A72FFAF733015A755B440E1" authorityName="Helgen & Helgen & Wilson" authorityYear="2009" box="[1147,1228,1671,1695]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A72FFAF733015A755B440E1" box="[1147,1228,1671,1695]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. coxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a Samoan endemic, although the precise insular extent of its historical distribution
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE751B13F3555C4763" blockId="15.[91,1184,211,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CBF7A73FFAE751B13F35098477C" collectionCode="TABLE" country="Samoa" location="Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED31AE277A73FFAE751B13F353E14698" box="[592,665,211,230]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TABLE</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D26FD6B7A73FFAE75EB13F351BB477C" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">
|
||
4
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A73FFAE771013CC51BB477C" bold="true" box="[91,195,236,258]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Specimens</emphasis>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A73FFAE77AC13CC5038477C" box="[231,320,236,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A73FFAE77AC13CC5038477C" bold="true" box="[231,320,236,258]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pteropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33776727A73FFAE763413CC50BC477C" box="[383,452,236,258]" name="Samoa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
at
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CBF7A73FFAE76AC13CC555C4763" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="Exploring Expedition" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A73FFAE76AC13CC555C4763" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED31AE277A73FFAE76AC13CC534A477C" box="[487,562,236,258]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
Collected during the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33776727A73FFAE744513CC5243477C" box="[782,827,236,258]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="8EFF60397A73FFAE740813CC5562477C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987F47A71FFAE744E165F554744CF:8EFF60397A73FFAE740813CC5562477C" box="[835,1050,236,258]" country="United States of America" name="Exploring Expedition" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Exploring Expedition</location>
|
||
(all of which apparently comprise the original hypodigm or
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B88407A73FFAE75E11227538D4763" box="[682,757,263,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A73FFAE7413122755644763" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1848" box="[856,1052,263,285]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A73FFAE7413122755644763" bold="true" box="[856,1052,263,285]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pteropus samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A65697A73FFAE77131264554744CF" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE77131264500B4729" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" box="[88,371,324,343]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A73FFAE77131264500B4729" authority="Peale, 1858" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1858" box="[88,371,324,343]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAF07A73FFAE77131264507D4729" box="[88,261,324,343]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pteropus samoensis</emphasis>
|
||
Peale, 1858
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE7713127F55E9470C" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" box="[88,1169,351,370]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 3788/3949 ‘‘Samoan Archipelago’’, adult, skin (3949) and skull (3788)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE77131259522347D9" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 3789 ‘‘Samoan Arch.’’, adult female, skull, accompanying skin (USNM 3950) missing</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE7713128E52F547BF" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" box="[88,909,430,449]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 3947 ‘‘Samoan Archip.’’, adult, skin</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE771312E9521247A2" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" box="[88,874,457,476]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 4465 ‘‘Samoan Ids’’, adult, skull</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE771312C455DC4789" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" box="[88,1188,484,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 22562 Tutuila Island, adult, skull, accompanying skin (8594) missing</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE771312DE53804438" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B483CBF7A73FFAE771312DE53804438" collectionCode="USNM" location="Tutuila Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="USNM 37860" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB869E997A73FFAE771312DE51AF446F" box="[88,215,510,529]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">USNM 37860</specimenCode>
|
||
/8597
|
||
<location id="8EFF60397A73FFAE753812DE538D446F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987F47A71FFAE744E165F554744CF:8EFF60397A73FFAE753812DE538D446F" box="[627,757,510,529]" name="Tutuila Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tutuila Island</location>
|
||
, adult, skin (8597) and skull (37860).
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B88407A73FFAE730212DE55DB446F" box="[1097,1187,510,529]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D617A73FFAE75EC113952B04452" authority="Peale, 1858" authorityName="Peale" authorityYear="1858" box="[679,968,537,556]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samoensis">Pteropus samoensis Peale, 1858</taxonomicName>
|
||
,designated herein (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A677A73FFAE75C6111353A94438" box="[653,721,563,582]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,188,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[144,636,210,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-335@18.[144,636,209,1663]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig.12. Skull of USNM 8597/37860, lectotype of Pteropus samoensis Peale, 1848. Scale bar 5 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5357180/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">figs. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A677A73FFAE75971113538A4438" box="[732,754,563,582]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[112,150,1145,1167]" captionTargetBox="[91,1184,210,1111]" captionTargetId="figure-256@19.[91,1184,209,1111]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 13. Skin of USNM 8597/37860, lectotype of Pteropus samoensis Peale, 1848. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5357182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5357182/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">13</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE7713116E53A84405" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
USNM 37861/8593 Olusinga (Olosega)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33776727A73FFAE7463116E521A441F" box="[808,866,590,609]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, adult male, skin (8593) and skull (37861)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE771311A355F244E8" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" box="[88,1162,643,662]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 37862/8596 Tutuila Island, adult female, skin (8596) and skull (37862)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36E27A73FFAE771311BE554744CF" blockId="15.[88,1188,324,689]" box="[88,1087,670,689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 37878/8595 Upolu Island, adult, skin (8595) and skull (37878)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |