189 lines
18 KiB
XML
189 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44420001-28a0-4c06-b87e-3a4621d00270" ID-PMC="PMC3118779" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-99-1" ID-PubMed="21738435" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-99-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 99" ModsDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" checkinTime="1451250430027" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C. & Harvey, Mark S." docDate="2011" docId="6365050B8311BEBCD558F9ADB3E6CEDC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 99: 1-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 99" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" docTitle="Makdiops Crews & Harvey, 2011, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFCF164DFFC1FFB8FFE86B62FFD3934E" masterDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1668169852460" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-99-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159365268" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:173E8950-B09A-45E4-8463-5688C6C26438" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6365050B8311BEBCD558F9ADB3E6CEDC" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="60" pageNumber="61" start="start">Genus</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:173E8950-B09A-45E4-8463-5688C6C26438" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="60" pageNumber="61">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Type species:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops montigenus" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montigenus">Selenops montigenus</taxonomicName>
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Simon, 1889.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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comes from a combination of words and is from the indigenous language of the region in which this genus is found. Hindi:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="मकड">मकड</normalizedToken>
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़ी = makdi (romanization) =spider; Greek: ops = face, eye. We retain the traditional ending of selenopid genera of ops, which originally referred to the eye arrangement. The gender is masculine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.can be separated from all other genera by a combination of characters. The ventral spination of the tibiae and metatarsi is 4-3, 3-3, or 3-2, there are no tarsal scopulae, and the genus is only found from India and Nepal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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Here we describe two new species, move three species from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Selenops</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. (
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops montigenus" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montigenus">Makdiops montigenus</taxonomicName>
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comb. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops agumbensis" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agumbensis">Makdiops agumbensis</taxonomicName>
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comb. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops nilgirensis" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgirensis">Makdiops nilgirensis</taxonomicName>
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comb. n.), redescribe
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops montigenus" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montigenus">Makdiops montigenus</taxonomicName>
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comb. n., including the first description of the male.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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It appears that at least two genera,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Selenops</taxonomicName>
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, occur throughout the Indo-Asian region (Map 1, Map 3). The species of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Selenops</taxonomicName>
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include
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops radiatus" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatus">Selenops radiatus</taxonomicName>
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, the most widespread selenopid species,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops sumitrae" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumitrae">Selenops sumitrae</taxonomicName>
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Patel & Patel, 1973, and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops shevaroyensis" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shevaroyensis">Selenops shevaroyensis</taxonomicName>
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Gravely, 1931. We were unable to examine specimens of the latter two species, however the published descriptions and illustrations of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops sumitrae" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumitrae">Selenops sumitrae</taxonomicName>
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(Patel & Patel 1973) make it difficult to differentiate from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops radiatus" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatus">Selenops radiatus</taxonomicName>
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, and if it is not a synonym, they are certainly very closely related. The description and illustration of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops shevaroyensis" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shevaroyensis">Selenops shevaroyensis</taxonomicName>
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are inadequate (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gravely, FH" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="211 - 282" title="Some Indian spiders of the families Ctenidae, Sparassidae, Selenopidae and Clubionidae." volume="33" year="1931">Gravely 1931</bibRefCitation>
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) and the type is not available. At this time, we will make no taxonomic changes to this species, pending the collection of new material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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It is likely that several more species from this region will be found with further exploration, and it is of note that the male of only one species of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. is known. Most of these are known from only a single specimen, and in cases where they are not, there seems to be a lot of variation. While it is possible that these species may represent more than one genus, at this time, we will group them together based on their geographic locations, genitalic similarities, and lack of tarsal scopulae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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Total length 6.70-9.70. Cephalothorax: Carapace with some dark spots or dusky markings, wider than long. Fovea longitudinal, short, broad, and shallow. Setae variable, ranging from short and spine-like, to long and thin; some are of medium length and thickness. AER straight, PER slightly recurved to recurved. PME larger than AME. Chelicerae slightly geniculate, robust, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth. Legs: Leg II or III longest, with III usually longer than IV. Tibial and metatarsal ventral spination variable, either 4-3, 3-3, or 3-2. Tarsal scopulae absent. Female copulatory organs: Epigynum with lateral lobes, a well-defined median area, and with or without epigynal pockets. Spermathecae range from being simple and not coiled, to some coiling, to extremely coiled and asymmetrical. Posterodorsal fold present or not. Male copulatory organs: The male of only one species is known. Palpal
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<pageBreakToken pageId="61" pageNumber="62" start="start">tibia</pageBreakToken>
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with 1 tibial bifid apophysis. Dorsal portion longer, thin and slightly curved; ventral portion shorter and flattened; MA small, simple and single-branched; Conductor large, T-shaped, pointed retrolaterally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.occurs throughout India and Nepal (Map 3). It has been found at a higher elevation than any other selenopid species, at over 2500 m. It is likely to be found in other countries throughout the region (Map 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="composition">
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Composition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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The genus contains five species:
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops montigenus" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montigenus">Makdiops montigenus</taxonomicName>
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(Simon, 1889)comb. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops agumbensis" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agumbensis">Makdiops agumbensis</taxonomicName>
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(Tikader, 1969)comb. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops nilgirensis" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgirensis">Makdiops nilgirensis</taxonomicName>
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(Reimoser, 1934)comb. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops shiva" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shiva">Makdiops shiva</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops mahishasura" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahishasura">Makdiops mahishasura</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="key to makdiops species">
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Key to Makdiops species</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<table pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<tr pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
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<bibRefCitation author="Tikader, BK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="255 - 264" title="Studies of some rare spiders of the families Selenopidae and Platoridae from India." volume="70" year="1969">Tikader 1969</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops agumbensis" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agumbensis">Makdiops agumbensis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Fig. 89</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops shiva" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shiva">Makdiops shiva</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Fig. 88</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops nilgirensis" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgirensis">Makdiops nilgirensis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Fig. 82Figs 83-84</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops montigenus" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montigenus">Makdiops montigenus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Fig. 86</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops mahishasura" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahishasura">Makdiops mahishasura</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |