294 lines
33 KiB
XML
294 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="293CF5C95CB7A932F6CE29B3166C5B49" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.3" ID-CLB-Dataset="38927" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5076b5e6-84ce-4eec-bf5e-38226f269e04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255915" ID-ZooBank="9F38C031-BBF2-454B-9665-E30361920065" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465281591287" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Krüger, Andreas" docDate="2016" docId="D209A942FFF5FFF5FF49CCB313A0F84E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4121.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4121 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium (Nevermannia) perforatum Fain & Dujardin 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="2E30D13AFFF1FFF0FFDECF5C134DFFBA" masterDocTitle="The Simulium nigritarse subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Uganda: New species and country records" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698662707062" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="9D3202F75A012EB124D722378BD99325" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5E3D4EF00481697E8FFDD6D62B2007C7">
|
||
<mods:title id="EE57583864CD01D6D435015A0B052AD9">The Simulium nigritarse subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Uganda: New species and country records</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F1BBC7B3596EAF8FD54816A600F494BA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="351FD04F398755E3806D7239C59BDE28">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="81D5A5D33826EBA73AD13F4DD893EE7A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C1CA976EF540325273B3947125983601">Krüger, Andreas</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="88868CEA8E835A8D57C14C856738EC6A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="D192DFAFCF89193FD2D9C66E2412D31D" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A7FACAE7D6125C47E463DAFAECF52C05">
|
||
<mods:title id="75D0F86E9C58C24BC9E106B933898D44">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="EDD10277609C3563AA6CFBCCAA4DFAA3">
|
||
<mods:date id="DCA41BF6CE7E8C7B3D3D8DF0A00D35DC">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B258744623C9E3B45C77313A32268707" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="4002549C47B5702194CB1260823556B9">4121</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F8B86830F0D8EFA289BB256C5509D3B6" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="003C1A3F833E79C875826642A1EE8632">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="7516774A456562F422F2EC61A2B9230A" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="AEFA8927E81517257ECE61A1E6192977">59</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9DA9B7DA224B4E24456EE208BF1FD60F">67</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="0FB153484FBABF0760A948D92E02BE32">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6BC40C2C95928531416B75750789F71F" type="CLB-Dataset">38927</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="527DCCEF0E8DBD51DF5F20C7B1A80462" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4121.1.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B1D0154BE4787CFE1093723D453AE946" type="GBIF-Dataset">5076b5e6-84ce-4eec-bf5e-38226f269e04</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0E7EB5CD0ABA2BF69A0FA19545DBA186" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2B438AA582867228B1B198F86A56F569" type="Zenodo-Dep">255915</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C0A29F67AEC261F7A8D7B92C212B15FF" type="ZooBank">9F38C031-BBF2-454B-9665-E30361920065</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="D209A942FFF5FFF5FF49CCB313A0F84E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6082344" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6082344" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D209A942FFF5FFF5FF49CCB313A0F84E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D209A942FFF5FFF5FF49CCB313A0F84E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF5FFF4FF49CCB31199FB62" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF5FFF4FF49CCB310CCFBB3" blockId="4.[151,897,1007,1067]" box="[151,897,1007,1033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<heading id="0157AF38FFF5FFF4FF49CCB310CCFBB3" bold="true" box="[151,897,1007,1033]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF5FFF4FF49CCB310CCFBB3" ID-CoL="8DY6X" authority="Fain & Dujardin, 1983" authorityName="Fain & Dujardin" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,897,1007,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum" subGenus="Nevermannia">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FF49CCB310CCFBB3" bold="true" box="[151,897,1007,1033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FF49CCB31242FBB3" bold="true" box="[151,271,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FEC1CCB3128EFBB3" bold="true" box="[287,451,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Nevermannia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FE0ACCB31110FBB3" bold="true" box="[468,605,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">perforatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF5FFF4FDBACCB310CCFBB3" author="Fain" box="[612,897,1007,1033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF5FFF4FF49CB4E12C5FB90" blockId="4.[151,897,1007,1067]" box="[151,392,1042,1067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF5FFF4FF41CB4E13A4FB90" box="[159,233,1042,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1010,1032]" captionTargetBox="[293,1291,440,992]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[287,1299,431,1004]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) in the 3 rd palpal segment of females. A— Simulium bwambanum sp. nov.; B— S. perforatum; C— S. itwariense sp. nov. Scale bar: A – C = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 3C, 4A–C)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF5FFF4FF49CB0813BEFB0C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1108,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Since in the short original description
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF5FFF4FD9DCB081003FBD7" author="Fain" box="[579,846,1108,1133]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used only pharate adults dissected from their pupae, no adult colour features were provided. These and further morphological data are for Ugandan specimens as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF5FFF4FF19CB9C1199FB62" blockId="4.[151,1436,1108,2033]" box="[199,724,1216,1241]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Medium-sized species, wing length
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF5FFF4FD84CB9C1182FB62" box="[602,719,1216,1241]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF5FFF4FF19CBB910ABF84B" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF5FFF4FF19CBB91759FAFF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1108,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FF19CBB91256FB47" box="[199,283,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Except of the dark setae of wing tufts and basicosta very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF5FFF4FBEACBB917ACFB47" box="[1076,1249,1253,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FBEACBB917ACFB47" box="[1076,1249,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF5FFF4FB34CBB91608FB44" box="[1258,1349,1253,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FB34CBB91608FB44" bold="true" box="[1258,1349,1253,1278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Colour patterns of the legs as typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF5FFF4FDC7CA5511E8FA9A" box="[537,677,1289,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="nigritarse">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FDC7CA5511E8FA9A" box="[537,677,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF5FFF4FD70CA551195FA9B" box="[686,728,1288,1313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Tarsal claws with a large basal tooth. Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) broad, more than half of the length of the third palpal segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF5FFF4FC71CA7110A3FAFF" box="[943,1006,1325,1350]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1010,1032]" captionTargetBox="[293,1291,440,992]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[287,1299,431,1004]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sensory vesicle (Lutz’s organ) in the 3 rd palpal segment of females. A— Simulium bwambanum sp. nov.; B— S. perforatum; C— S. itwariense sp. nov. Scale bar: A – C = 0.02 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF5FFF4FF19CA0D16D4FA6F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1108,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FF19CA0D124CFAD3" box="[199,257,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Male</emphasis>
|
||
. Similar to females except for sexual differences. Setae of wing tufts and basicosta dark.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF5FFF4FAC9CA0C1602FAD3" box="[1303,1359,1360,1385]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
femur mainly dark, only basally brownish. Basal third of hind tibia yellow.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF5FFF4FC78CA291093FA34" box="[934,990,1397,1422]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
basitarsus slightly more dilated than in the other two species, length to width ratio 3.08–3.46 (mean 3.28, n=5). Terminalia of the general
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF5FFF4FB3DCAC51620FA0A" box="[1251,1389,1433,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="nigritarse">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FB3DCAC51620FA0A" box="[1251,1389,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">S. nigritarse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF5FFF4FAAACAC516D1FA0B" box="[1396,1436,1432,1457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF5FFF4FF49CAE21387FA6C" box="[151,202,1470,1494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, with two pairs of strongly unequal parameral hooks, and the style distinctly shorter than the coxite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF5FFF4FAECCAE11638FA6F" box="[1330,1397,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1690]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,189,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1386,185,1656]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Simulium perforatum. A—male coxite and style; B—cocoon, lateral view; C—basal trunk of gill. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm; C = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255919/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF5FFF4FF19CABD17FDF917" blockId="4.[151,1436,1108,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FF19CABD124FFA42" box="[199,258,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
. As originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF5FFF4FD85CABC1037FA43" author="Fain" box="[603,890,1504,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Cocoon loosely woven with perforations and fenestrations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF5FFF4FEEBC9591234F9A7" box="[309,377,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1668,1690]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,189,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[201,1386,185,1656]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Simulium perforatum. A—male coxite and style; B—cocoon, lateral view; C—basal trunk of gill. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm; C = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255919/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The configuration of the four gill filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF5FFF4FC4CC9591099F9A7" box="[914,980,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,885,907]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,198,856]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Basal aspects of pupal gills. A, B— Simulium bwambanum sp. nov.; C— S. perforatum; D— S. itwariense sp. nov. Scale bar: A – D = 0.5 mm. BV—basal vesicle; PP—pilous plate (approximate location)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C) very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF5FFF4FB2FC95916D6F9A7" box="[1265,1435,1541,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FB2FC95916D6F9A7" box="[1265,1435,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF5FFF4FF49C97413BDF9FB" box="[151,240,1576,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FF49C97413BDF9FB" bold="true" box="[151,240,1576,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, also resembling that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF5FFF4FDD8C97511C2F9FB" box="[518,655,1577,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FDD8C97511C2F9FB" box="[518,655,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">S. arabicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Upper pair of filaments with a short common stalk, which is slightly longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF5FFF4FEE5C91112AAF9DF" box="[315,487,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FEE5C91112AAF9DF" box="[315,487,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF5FFF4FE30C9111105F9DC" box="[494,584,1613,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FE30C9111105F9DC" bold="true" box="[494,584,1613,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Structure of the filament walls intermediate between
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF5FFF4FB78C91217ACF9DC" box="[1190,1249,1614,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">types</typeStatus>
|
||
1 and 2, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF5FFF4FA59C911126BF933" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FA59C911126BF933" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF5FFF4FEF2C92C12CBF933" box="[300,390,1648,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FEF2C92C12CBF933" bold="true" box="[300,390,1648,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF5FFF4FE1EC92C1149F933" box="[448,516,1648,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[337,1250,303,1760]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[336,1251,303,1760]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Simulium bwambanum sp. nov., pupa. A—cocoon with pupal case, lateral view; B—gill filament wall structure type 1 / 2, below view of surface, above longitudinal view; C—basal trunk of gill. BV—basal vesicle. Scale bar: C = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255917/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The shape of the basal vesicle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C29B04D1FFF5FFF4FC56C92C1087F933" box="[904,970,1648,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,885,907]" captionTargetBox="[161,1424,198,856]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,863]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Basal aspects of pupal gills. A, B— Simulium bwambanum sp. nov.; C— S. perforatum; D— S. itwariense sp. nov. Scale bar: A – D = 0.5 mm. BV—basal vesicle; PP—pilous plate (approximate location)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 4C) is indistinguishable from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF5FFF4FA59C92D126BF917" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FA59C92D126BF917" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF5FFF4FEF3C9C912CBF914" box="[301,390,1685,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FEF3C9C912CBF914" bold="true" box="[301,390,1685,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, i.e. intermediate between
|
||
<typeStatus id="851BA6F6FFF5FFF4FD6BC9CA11BDF914" box="[693,752,1686,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">types</typeStatus>
|
||
2 and 3. Pilous plate with normal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF5FFF4FF19C9E512C3F96B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1108,2033]" box="[199,398,1720,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FF19C9E51247F96A" box="[199,266,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF5FFF4FF19C98110ABF84B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1108,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF5FFF4FF19C981128DF94C" bold="true" box="[199,448,1757,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
(all emerged from pupae). 1 ♀, Bundibugyo district, Bemara river,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF5FFF4FB1AC9811643F94F" box="[1220,1294,1757,1781]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.49" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="849.0">849 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FAC5C98116D1F94C" box="[1307,1436,1757,1782]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="0.7069444">0°42´25´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FF49C85D125AF8A3" box="[151,279,1793,1817]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="30.077778">30°4´40´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF5FFF4FEF9C85D12FDF8A3" box="[295,432,1793,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1991-08-10">10.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms; 1 ♀, Kabarole district, Kamotonga near confl. Nyakibuguta,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF5FFF4FAE2C85D16DAF8A2" box="[1340,1431,1793,1817]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1270.0">1270 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FF49C87913A7F887" box="[151,234,1829,1853]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="925" value="0.85">0°51´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FF2FC87912CDF887" box="[241,384,1829,1853]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="30.454168">30°27´15´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF5FFF4FE52C8791145F887" box="[396,520,1829,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1995-08-07">7.viii.1995</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms; 4 ♀, 4 Ƌ, Kabarole district, Mahoma river at Mitandi road,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF5FFF4FABAC87913E2F8DA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.829" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1829.0">1829 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FF1EC814120CF8DB" box="[192,321,1864,1889]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="0.60833335">0°36´30´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FE90C8151282F8DB" box="[334,463,1865,1889]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="30.146944">30°8´49´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF5FFF4FE01C8141116F8DB" box="[479,603,1864,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1991-08-01">1.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms; 1 Ƌ, same but
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF5FFF4FC3EC8151710F8DB" box="[992,1117,1865,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1991-08-02">2.viii.1991</date>
|
||
; 1 ♀, Bundibugyo district, Humiya river,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF5FFF4FEE1C83112C7F83E" box="[319,394,1901,1925]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.279999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="728.0">728 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FE47C8311157F83F" box="[409,538,1901,1925]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="0.7613889">0°45´41´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FDFAC83111E9F83F" box="[548,676,1901,1925]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="30.047777">30°2´52´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF5FFF4FD6CC8311071F83F" box="[690,828,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1991-08-10">10.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms; 11 ♀, 6 Ƌ, Kabarole district, Dunga river at Mitandi road,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF5FFF4FE52C8CD12AEF812" box="[396,483,1937,1961]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.704" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1704.0">1704 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FE30C8CD113DF813" box="[494,624,1937,1961]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="0.6236111">0°37´25´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FDA8C8CD11BBF813" box="[630,758,1937,1961]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="30.157223">30°9´26´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF5FFF4FCDCC8CD1033F813" box="[770,894,1937,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1991-08-01">1.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms; 2 ♀, Kabarole district, Igogonya river,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF5FFF4FF07C8E91262F876" box="[217,303,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.158" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1158.0">1158 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FEE2C8E912F0F877" box="[316,445,1973,1997]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="0.8555556">0°51´20´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FE1AC8E9111EF877" box="[452,595,1973,1997]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="30.395555">30°23´44´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF5FFF4FD81C8E91197F877" box="[607,730,1973,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1993-09-23">23.ix.1993</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms; 10 ♀, 13 Ƌ, Kabarole district, Mpanga river at Mitandi road,
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF5FFF4FEE8C88412C0F84A" box="[310,397,2008,2033]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6309999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1631.0">1631 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FE47C8841157F84B" box="[409,538,2008,2033]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="0.66499996">0°39´54´´N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F947E93FFF5FFF4FDFFC88511E2F84B" box="[545,687,2009,2033]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="30.1775">30°10´39´´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="2E1E3E94FFF5FFF4FD62C884107AF84B" box="[700,823,2008,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" value="1991-08-01">1.viii.1991</date>
|
||
, leg. R. Garms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="0EDF48DCFFF4FFF5FF49C9D8123CF902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255919/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[201,1386,189,1656]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF4FFF5FF49C9D8123CF902" blockId="5.[151,1435,1668,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FF49C9D8125EF923" bold="true" box="[151,275,1668,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FEC7C9D812BCF920" box="[281,497,1668,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FEC7C9D812BCF920" box="[281,497,1668,1690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Simulium perforatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A—male coxite and style; B—cocoon, lateral view; C—basal trunk of gill. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm; C = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="12BA4BDFFFF4FFF5FF19C9BC13A0F84E" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A1F1854FFF4FFF5FF19C9BC13A0F84E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1760,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FF19C9BC122DF943" bold="true" box="[199,352,1760,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FEB5C9BC1145F942" box="[363,520,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FEB5C9BC1145F942" box="[363,520,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. perforatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was hitherto only known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF4FFF5FCA0C9BC1090F943" box="[894,989,1760,1785]" name="Burundi" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF4FFF5FC32C9BC1705F943" box="[1004,1096,1760,1785]" name="Rwanda" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF4FFF5FB5BC9BD178DF942" box="[1157,1216,1761,1784]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Zaïre</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E3165A5FFF4FFF5FB0DC9BC139FF8A6" author="Fain" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" refString="Fain, A. & Dujardin, J. P. (1983) The Simulium nigritarse complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Revue de Zoologie africaine, 97, 379 - 452." type="journal article" year="1983">Fain & Dujardin, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but is considered to be the most common species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FCB8C8591094F8A6" box="[870,985,1797,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigritarse">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FCB8C8591094F8A6" box="[870,985,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Nigritarse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="22B758C4FFF4FFF5FB11C8581667F8A7" box="[1231,1322,1796,1821]" name="Uganda" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Breeding places in several rivers in the districts Bundibugyo and Kabarole at altitudes from
|
||
<quantity id="9D58B5B1FFF4FFF5FB98C87417BDF8FA" box="[1094,1264,1832,1856]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="0.73" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="1280.0" valueMax="1830.0" valueMin="730.0">730 to 1830 m</quantity>
|
||
. Always found sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FE9BC81012BDF8DE" box="[325,496,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FE9BC81012BDF8DE" box="[325,496,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF4FFF5FE29C810111DF8DF" box="[503,592,1868,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FE29C810111DF8DF" bold="true" box="[503,592,1868,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, except apart from the Ruwenzori range in river Igogonya draining into the Rift valley and river Kamotonga in the Itwara forest reserve. The distribution in the latter overlaps with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FA59C82C1241F816" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itwariense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FA59C82C1241F816" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. itwariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF4FFF5FECAC8C81223F817" box="[276,366,1940,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FECAC8C81223F817" bold="true" box="[276,366,1940,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
At some places sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FD02C8C8103FF816" box="[732,882,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="damnosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FD02C8C8103FF816" box="[732,882,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. damnosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF4FFF5FCA5C8C910E9F817" box="[891,932,1940,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FC6DC8C8171CF816" box="[947,1105,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FC6DC8C8171CF816" box="[947,1105,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. dentulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FBBEC8C81641F816" box="[1120,1292,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicornutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FBBEC8C81641F816" box="[1120,1292,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. unicornutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FAC5C8C816D1F816" box="[1307,1436,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FAC5C8C816D1F816" box="[1307,1436,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FF18C8E41140F86A" authority="Gibbins. Water" authorityName="Gibbins. Water" box="[198,525,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tentaculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FF18C8E41213F86A" box="[198,350,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. tentaculum</emphasis>
|
||
Gibbins. Water
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
temperatures (other than for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DA063D7FFF4FFF5FC8DC8E410B0F86A" box="[851,1021,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bwambanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FC8DC8E410B0F86A" box="[851,1021,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">S. bwambanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73E7793DFFF4FFF5FBDAC8E41710F86B" box="[1028,1117,1976,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D4C446FFF4FFF5FBDAC8E41710F86B" bold="true" box="[1028,1117,1976,2001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
): Humiya 18.5°C, Igogonya 17.8°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |