237 lines
27 KiB
XML
237 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="79A4B3D982440216C96E7EB2421A3AF2">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F4934DCFA6042712AD6BC659ACA33DC4">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0AF82A5CD9979C6B67A52E2810814681">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="BB64DCFF9A12A7876C8A8180770434E1">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="AF9E035E88C4D36C25590F7E9A51D7E1">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="55FDDC9A8ED2EBE63E78411601ED1ED4">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="0082868B7EB6233DE82ADF71AEA2DD21">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFF56A4AFA58977D1959B266" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567696" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFF56A4AFA58977D1959B266" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFF56A4AFA58977D1959B266" lastPageNumber="772" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA58977D1BDDBA60" blockId="14.[1442,2378,292,379]" box="[1444,1501,292,338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<heading id="9F638192FFF56A4AFA58977D1BDDBA60" box="[1444,1501,292,338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFF56A4AFA58977D1BDDBA60" box="[1444,1501,292,338]" captionStart="Plate 56: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="13.[123,155,3277,3298]" captionTargetBox="[12,2758,16,3657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="18. Common Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus pipistrellus), 19. Soprano Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus pygmaeus), 20. Crete Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus creticus), 21. Hanak’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus hanaki), 22. Nathusius’s Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii), 23. Madeira Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus maderensis), 24. Kuhl’s Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii), 25. Dusky Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus hesperidus), 26. Rusty Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus rusticus), 27. Tiny Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nanulus), 28. Aellen’s Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus inexspectatus), 29. Mount GarguesPipistrelle (Pipustrellus aero), 30. Dar-es-Salaam Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus permixtus), 31. Racey’s Pipistrelle (Puipustrellus raceyi), 32. Dhofar Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus dhofarensis), 33. Japanese Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus abramus), 34. Endo’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus endoi), 35. Sturdee’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus sturdeei), 36. Javan Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus javanicus), 37. Indian Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus coromandra), 38. Kelaart’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus ceylonicus), 39. Least Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus tenuis), 40. Mount Popa Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus paterculus), 41. Narrow-winged Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus stenopterus), 42. Minahassa Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus minahassae), 43. Greater Papuan Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus collinus), 44. Lesser Papuan Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus papuanus), 45. New Guinea Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus angulatus), 46. Watts’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus wattsi), 47. Northern Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus westralis), 48. Forest Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus adamsi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398502/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">20.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA13977D193CBA60" box="[1519,1852,292,338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA13977D193CBA60" blockId="14.[1442,2378,292,379]" box="[1519,1852,292,338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<heading id="9F638192FFF56A4AFA13977D193CBA60" box="[1519,1852,292,338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFF56A4AFA13977D193CBA60" ID-CoL="8LZVR" authority="(Benda 2019)" authorityName="Benda" authorityYear="2009" box="[1519,1852,292,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creticus">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AFA13977D185FBA60" box="[1519,1631,292,338]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
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Pipistrelle
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AF883977D16D1BA60" box="[1919,2257,292,338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AF883977D16D1BA60" blockId="14.[1442,2378,292,379]" box="[1919,2257,292,338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<heading id="9F638192FFF56A4AF883977D16D1BA60" box="[1919,2257,292,338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF883977D16D1BA60" ID-CoL="8LZVR" authority="(Benda 2019)" authorityName="Benda" authorityYear="2009" box="[1919,2257,292,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creticus">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AF883977D16D1BA60" box="[1919,2257,292,338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Pipistrellus creticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA5F973D1749BA4B" box="[1443,2377,356,377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA5F973D1749BA4B" blockId="14.[1442,2378,292,379]" box="[1443,2377,356,377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<heading id="9F638192FFF56A4AFA5F973D1749BA4B" box="[1443,2377,356,377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA5F973D1BEFBA4B" bold="true" box="[1443,1519,356,377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">French:</emphasis>
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFF56A4AFA05973D18B6BA4B" ID-CoL="8LZVR" authority="(Benda 2019)" authorityName="Benda" authorityYear="2009" box="[1529,1718,356,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creticus">
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Pipistrelle de
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF97C973D18B6BA4B" box="[1664,1718,356,377]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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||
/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AF937973D1926BA4B" bold="true" box="[1739,1830,356,377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFF56A4AF8D3973D1619BA4B" ID-CoL="8LZVR" authority="(Benda 2019)" authorityName="Benda" authorityYear="2009" box="[1839,2073,356,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creticus">Kreta-Zwergfledermaus</vernacularName>
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||
/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AF7D3973D168ABA4B" bold="true" box="[2095,2186,356,377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Spanish:</emphasis>
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFF56A4AF768973D1749BA4B" ID-CoL="8LZVR" authority="(Benda 2019)" authorityName="Benda" authorityYear="2009" box="[2196,2377,356,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creticus">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFF56A4AF768973D16EDBA4B" ID-CoL="8LZVR" authority="(Benda 2019)" authorityName="Benda" authorityYear="2009" box="[2196,2285,356,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creticus">Pipistrela</vernacularName>
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de
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF6E9973D1749BA4B" box="[2325,2377,356,377]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Creta</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AF7FA97FC171EBADC" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AF7FA97FC171EBADC" blockId="14.[2054,2650,421,848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AF7FA97FC169CBAF4" bold="true" box="[2054,2204,421,454]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF75797FC1456BAF4" authority="Benda" authorityName="Benda" authorityYear="2009" box="[2219,2646,421,454]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hanaki" subSpecies="creticus">Pipustrellus hanaki creticus Benda</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFFF56A4AF7D097881719BADC" box="[2092,2329,465,494]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Benda et al, 2009</treatmentCitation>
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||
,
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AF6D69788142DB956" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AF6D69788142DB956" blockId="14.[2054,2650,421,848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFF56A4AF6D69788142DB956" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319601" country="Greece" elevation="940" latitude="35.183334" location="Rouva oak forest" longitude="24.916666" municipality="Irakleio" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Crete">
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“
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFF56A4AF6C897881797BADC" box="[2356,2455,465,494]" name="Greece" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Greece</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF65B978817F2BADC" box="[2471,2546,465,494]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="C14B6025FFF56A4AF5FF9788168CB927" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFF56A4AFA58977D1959B266:C14B6025FFF56A4AF5FF9788168CB927" country="Greece" latitude="35.183334" municipality="Irakleio" name="Rouva oak forest" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" stateProvince="Crete">Rouva oak forest</location>
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||
; a pasture with creek at the
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<location id="C14B6025FFF56A4AF5F897AD1660B90E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFF56A4AFA58977D1959B266:C14B6025FFF56A4AF5F897AD1660B90E" country="Greece" latitude="35.183334" municipality="Irakleio" name="Agiou Ioanni" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" stateProvince="Crete">Agiou Ioanni</location>
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chapel, Prefecture of
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="244FAC84FFF56A4AF67B944617EEB90E" box="[2439,2542,543,572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Irakleio</collectingMunicipality>
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[= Heraklion];
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||
<geoCoordinate id="A1A05039FFF56A4AF785941A16F7B956" box="[2169,2295,579,612]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" precision="925" value="35.183334">35° 11’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A1A05039FFF56A4AF6FA941A1782B956" box="[2310,2434,579,612]" degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" precision="925" value="24.916666">24° 55’ E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFFF56A4AF672941A17E0B956" box="[2446,2528,579,612]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" unit="m" value="940.0">
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<elevation id="4FB9D1CDFFF56A4AF672941A17E0B956" box="[2446,2528,579,612]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" unit="m" value="940.0">940 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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asl.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AF7FB94331451B84A" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AF7FB94331451B84A" blockId="14.[2054,2650,421,848]" lastBlockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF7FB943316F9B9B9" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[2055,2297,618,651]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="creticus">Pipistrellus creticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF6FD94CF177BB981" box="[2305,2427,662,691]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hanaki">P. hanaki</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, it was found to be sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF6D994E017BEB9E8" box="[2341,2494,697,730]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">P. pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is now recognized as a distinct species. Nevertheless, earlier studies determined that P. creticus and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF771956E170BB862" box="[2189,2315,823,848]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hanaki">P. hanaki</taxonomicName>
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||
were sister species, but this was notstatistically supported and only cytochrome-b data were used. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA5F952618B2B892" box="[1443,1714,895,928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FFF56A4AFA5F952618B2B892" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397812" box="[1443,1714,895,928]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397812/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" targetBox="[1440,2031,434,848]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA5F952618B2B892" blockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" box="[1443,1714,895,928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA5F95261853B892" bold="true" box="[1443,1619,895,928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF9A3952618AEB892" box="[1631,1710,895,928]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA5F95F3179BBEFA" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA5F95F3179BBEFA" blockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA5F95F3189CB8F5" bold="true" box="[1443,1692,938,967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 37-43 mm,tail 34-37 mm, ear 11-3-12-7 mm, forearm 29-30-3 mm; weight 3-3-3-9 g. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF852959719FAB8DD" box="[1966,2042,974,1007]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pipistrelle is externally similar to Hanak’s Pipistrelle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF9B995AC18C2BF24" box="[1605,1730,1013,1046]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hanaki">P. hanaki</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but significantly smaller in body and skull sizes. Dorsal pelage is rusty brown (darkest along back and top of head and becoming lighter along sides); ventral pelage is paler brown; and face, wing membranes, ears, and tragus are dark brown, being slightly paler around eyes and bases of ears. Colors are more vibrant in reproductive condition, especially around face and behind ears, which are more reddish. Ears are rounded at tops, and tragus has rounded tip and curves forward near top. Uropatagium stretches from calcar at ankles to tail tip (although tail extends c.0-5—
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFF56A4AFA0693501846BE18" box="[1530,1606,1289,1322]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond uropatagium) and is the same color as wing membranes. Glans penis is simple and has more or less obvious pale medialstripe dorsally and foreskin that is covered in grayish brown hairs. Skull is clearly very small, and braincase is relatively broad and high compared with that of Hanak’s Pipistrelle, also having shorter and narrow rostrum on average; tooth row is shorter than in Hanak’s Pipistrelle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA589397176FBD0C" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA589397176FBD0C" blockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA5893971813BEDD" bold="true" box="[1444,1555,1486,1519]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Mediterranean woodland dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF78593971783BEDD" box="[2169,2435,1486,1519]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus (Fagaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF6219397187ABD24" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cupressus (Cupressaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFF56A4AF78893AC16D1BD24" box="[2164,2257,1525,1558]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" unit="m" value="940.0">940 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF71D93AC172CBD24" box="[2273,2348,1525,1558]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pipistrelles have also been found in sweet chestnut (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF8AB904419CFBD0C" box="[1879,1999,1565,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Castanea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sativa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF7C9904416B6BD0C" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[2101,2230,1565,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) plantations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA58901D18D7BC36" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA58901D18D7BC36" blockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA58901D18B5BD57" bold="true" box="[1444,1717,1604,1637]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF93A901D1912BD57" box="[1734,1810,1604,1637]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pipistrelles are insectivorous, probably feeding by aerialhawking in open areas. Feces of eight individuals (55 pellets) were dominated by Brachycera, Auchenorrhyncha, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF85B90CA1655BD86" box="[1959,2133,1683,1716]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and had smaller amounts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF60190CA1814BDEE" authority="(Formicoidea and Ichneumonoidea)" baseAuthorityName="Formicoidea and Ichneumonoidea" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF9D290E618E2BDEE" authority="(Formicoidea and Ichneumonoidea)" baseAuthorityName="Formicoidea and Ichneumonoidea" box="[1582,1762,1727,1756]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Formicoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF8CA90E6162FBDEE" authority="(Formicoidea and Ichneumonoidea)" baseAuthorityName="Formicoidea and Ichneumonoidea" box="[1846,2095,1727,1756]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ichneumonoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Nematocera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF6EA90E6179EBDEE" box="[2326,2462,1727,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Culicidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF64990E61BDBBC36" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFF56A4AF9C990BA18D3BC36" box="[1589,1747,1763,1796]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA589153191ABC19" box="[1444,1818,1802,1835]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA589153191ABC19" blockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" box="[1444,1818,1802,1835]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA589153182BBC19" bold="true" box="[1444,1579,1802,1835]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA5E916819DDB30D" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA5E916819DDB30D" blockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA5E91681891BC60" bold="true" box="[1442,1681,1841,1874]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF91A91681932BC60" box="[1766,1842,1841,1874]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pipistrelle is nocturnal. Foraging call shape is FM-QCEF. Start frequency averages 59-5 kHz (46-2-101-1 kHz), end frequency 48-8 kHz (43-6 55-2 kHz), and pulse duration 4-3 milliseconds (1-5-8-6 milliseconds). Two types of social calls have also been recorded: A type (peak frequency of ¢.27-7 kHz and duration of 19-9 milliseconds) and B type (peak frequency of ¢.20-9 kHz and duration of 24-8 milliseconds). B type calls were more prevalent in July-October; A type calls decreased in use from July to November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA589E1C1750B354" box="[1444,2384,2117,2150]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA589E1C1750B354" blockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" box="[1444,2384,2117,2150]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA589E1C1661B354" bold="true" box="[1444,2145,2117,2150]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA599E3419EEB236" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA599E3419EEB236" blockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA599E341904B3BC" bold="true" box="[1445,1796,2157,2190]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF8ED9E341946B3BC" box="[1809,1862,2157,2190]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
assessed on The IUCN Red List. Taxonomic status of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AFA599ECD1BF1B387" box="[1445,1521,2196,2229]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
|
||
Pipistrelle was only recently confirmed as distinct. It is common on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFF56A4AF62D9ECD141CB387" box="[2513,2588,2196,2229]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Crete</collectingRegion>
|
||
but only found there, which might indicate some need for protection. Additional research is needed to clarify its conservation status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFF56A4AFA599F4A1959B266" pageId="14" pageNumber="772" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFF56A4AFA599F4A1959B266" blockId="14.[1442,2651,855,2388]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFF56A4AFA599F4A183EB21E" bold="true" box="[1445,1598,2323,2348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="772">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Benda, Georgiakakis et al. (2008), Benda, Spitzenberger et al. (2014), Evin et al. (2011), Georgiakakis & Russo (2012), Zdarska (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |