208 lines
26 KiB
XML
208 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="504B96234C13D08EEAE82278CE33C17C" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFDE6A61FF7C9239171ABFA6" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Chalinolobus dwyeri Ryan 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="795" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="795" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="59BCBD792132E1ED806B636F7A3F05B1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="64B23C989126CF074AA143ADC37F00AE">
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<mods:title id="303D7AEB61FC180DE0E9E4AA7191004A">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="0B77FAC5BFE09108522DD1F3D3822246" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="89BA2CAD9EF124B3286685674EB81F7D">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="8961AA2FDC59FABC798C3A9DFAA82A28" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CAD1CFD504AEF7BBF40B47D1642A3717">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F9421F3317348B12A832551BE4D21714">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="1605E879E9E40B00E04DD2E333F8F8D6">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="A1073169EF95EE25E84DBB19B8BDF5C2" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="BF9EF69437E56B5B4E83610453EBB008">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="5F3CB44F06E0D9BD14A689F507088723">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1D0A1FF302124F9C4FDE54B534DFE62E">
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<mods:title id="CBAF68F6FE9B57F5276F626FFA62A98E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C387AF23B3B58D7C681181C85565BB08">
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<mods:extent id="10399B3C5C4A6D227D293BE83DF4F14C" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="60C2C94E45B920851A8C02E47A80250E">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DB81156CE34828BCD02B5029D284DDDD">981</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="B02F02D43E7F4979CECD219E7A179E55">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F8749017F20BD22F1474C6E211E35A50" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D20E591B0B7733D74E0789FB9FAB2111" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFDE6A61FF7C9239171ABFA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403447" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403447" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFDE6A61FF7C9239171ABFA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFDE6A61FF7C9239171ABFA6" lastPageNumber="795" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FF7C92391EB8BFA0" box="[128,184,1120,1170]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FF7C92391EB8BFA0" blockId="37.[124,1155,1120,1251]" box="[128,184,1120,1170]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<heading id="9F638192FFDE6A61FF7C92391EB8BFA0" box="[128,184,1120,1170]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFDE6A61FF7C92391EB8BFA0" box="[128,184,1120,1170]" captionStart="Plate 57: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="27.[123,155,3200,3221]" captionTargetBox="[12,2751,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="49. Eurasian Particolored Bat (Vespertilio murinus), 50. Asian Particolored Bat (Vespertilio sinensis), 51. Pygmy Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris pygmaea), 52. Indomalayan Lesser Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris fulvida), 53. Sunda Lesser Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris pachypus), 54. Tonkin Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris tonkinensis), 55. Malayan Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris malayana), 56. Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris robustula), 57. Yok Don Helmeted Bat (Cassistrellus yokdonensis), 58. Surat Helmeted Bat (Cassustrellus dimissus), 59. Rohu’s Bat (Phuletor brachypterus), 60. Western False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus mackenziei), 61. Eastern False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus tasmaniensis), 62. Yellow-lipped Cave Bat (Vespadelus douglasorum), 63. Northern Cave Bat (Vespadelus caurinus), 64. Finlayson’s Cave Bat (Vespadelus finlaysoni), 65. Eastern Cave Bat (Vespadelus troughtoni), 66. Inland Forest Bat (Vespadelus baverstocki), 67. Eastern Forest Bat (Vespadelus pumilus), 68. Little Forest Bat (Vespadelus vulturnus), 69. Large Forest Bat (Vespadelus darlingtoni), 70. Southern Forest Bat (Vespadelus regulus), 71. Large-eared Pied Bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri), 72. Little Pied Bat (Chalinolobus picatus), 73. Hoary Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus nigrogriseus), 74. Gould’s Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus gouldii), 75. New Caledonian Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus neocaledonicus), 76. Chocolate Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus morio), 77. New Zealand Long-tailed Bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398506/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">71.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FF3592391C80BFA0" box="[201,640,1120,1170]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FF3592391C80BFA0" blockId="37.[124,1155,1120,1251]" box="[201,640,1120,1170]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<heading id="9F638192FFDE6A61FF3592391C80BFA0" box="[201,640,1120,1170]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFDE6A61FF3592391C80BFA0" ID-CoL="THFC" authorityName="Ryan" authorityYear="1966" box="[201,640,1120,1170]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dwyeri">Large-eared Pied Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FD4A923C1A2DBFA1" box="[694,1069,1125,1171]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FD4A923C1A2DBFA1" blockId="37.[124,1155,1120,1251]" box="[694,1069,1125,1171]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<heading id="9F638192FFDE6A61FD4A923C1A2DBFA1" box="[694,1069,1125,1171]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61FD4A923C1A2DBFA1" ID-CoL="THFC" authorityName="Ryan" authorityYear="1966" box="[694,1069,1125,1171]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dwyeri">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FD4A923C1A2DBFA1" box="[694,1069,1125,1171]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Chalinolobus dwyeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FF8292FD1C10BFD2" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FF8292FD1A83BF8B" blockId="37.[124,1155,1120,1251]" box="[126,1155,1188,1209]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<heading id="9F638192FFDE6A61FF8292FD1A83BF8B" box="[126,1155,1188,1209]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FF8292FD1ECABF8B" bold="true" box="[126,202,1188,1209]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFDE6A61FF2E92FD1FB0BF8B" ID-CoL="THFC" authorityName="Ryan" authorityYear="1966" box="[210,432,1188,1209]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dwyeri">Chalinolobe de Dwyer</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FE3892FD1C1FBF8B" bold="true" box="[452,543,1188,1209]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFDE6A61FDD592FD1D38BF8B" ID-CoL="THFC" authorityName="Ryan" authorityYear="1966" box="[553,824,1188,1209]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dwyeri">Langohr-Lappenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FCB192FD1DA8BF8B" bold="true" box="[845,936,1188,1209]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFDE6A61FC4E92FD1A83BF8B" ID-CoL="THFC" authorityName="Ryan" authorityYear="1966" box="[946,1155,1188,1209]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dwyeri">Calinolobo de Dwyer</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FF8192921C10BFD2" blockId="37.[124,1155,1120,1251]" box="[125,528,1227,1248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<heading id="9F638192FFDE6A61FF8192921C10BFD2" box="[125,528,1227,1248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FF8192921F74BFD2" bold="true" box="[125,372,1227,1248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFDE6A61FE8392921C10BFD2" ID-CoL="THFC" authorityName="Ryan" authorityYear="1966" box="[383,528,1227,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dwyeri">Large Pied Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FD1F93561B30BE02" box="[739,1328,1295,1328]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FD1F93561B30BE02" blockId="37.[738,1332,1295,1722]" box="[739,1328,1295,1328]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FD1F93561D7EBE02" bold="true" box="[739,894,1295,1328]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61FC7093561B2BBE02" ID-CoL="THFC" authority="Ryan, 1966" authorityName="Ryan" authorityYear="1966" box="[908,1323,1295,1328]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dwyeri">Chalinolobus dwyeri Ryan, 1966</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FD18936F1DD3BE95" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FD18936F1DD3BE95" blockId="37.[738,1332,1295,1722]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFDE6A61FD18936F1DD3BE95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319301" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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“from a mine tunnel at Copeton,
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFFDE6A61FB3C936F1B31BE65" box="[1216,1329,1334,1367]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2530816" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" unit="mi" value="14.0">14 miles</quantity>
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[=
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFFDE6A61FCED933A1D6EBEB2" box="[785,878,1379,1408]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" unit="km" value="23.0">23 km</quantity>
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] south of Inverell,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDE6A61FB6F933A1D38BE95" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDE6A61FCAC93D31DCFBE95" box="[848,975,1418,1447]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FD1A93F41AFABD76" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FD1A93F41AFABD76" blockId="37.[738,1332,1295,1722]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61FD1A93F41D8ABEFC" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[742,906,1453,1486]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chalinolobus</taxonomicName>
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appears to be sister to
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61FB0F93F41D40BEC7" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
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within a clade of Australasian bats that also includes
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61FC0B93A51A8CBD2F" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[1015,1164,1532,1565]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Falsistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Falsistrellus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61FB5A93A51B2BBD2F" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" box="[1190,1323,1532,1565]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespadelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vespadelus</taxonomicName>
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, and probably also
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61FC19907A1A4EBD76" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[997,1102,1571,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pharotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pharotis</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FD1F90161A7EBDA1" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="distribution">
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||
<caption id="90EB6676FFDE6A61FD1F90161A7EBDA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397920/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" targetBox="[124,715,1305,1720]" targetPageId="37">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FD1F90161A7EBDA1" blockId="37.[738,1332,1295,1722]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FD1F90161D93BD5E" bold="true" box="[739,915,1615,1644]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Distribution.</emphasis>
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E
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDE6A61FC3490161A46BD5E" box="[968,1094,1615,1644]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, in SE
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDE6A61FB4290161D21BDA1" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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and E
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDE6A61FC79902B1A7ABDA1" box="[901,1146,1650,1683]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FD1E90C01DDEB203" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FD1E90C01DDEB203" blockId="37.[738,1332,1295,1722]" lastBlockId="37.[121,1330,1732,3458]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FD1E90C01DDCBD88" bold="true" box="[738,988,1689,1722]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 43-56 mm, tail 34-5-50 mm, ear 12:4-17-5 mm, forearm 36-9—-44.6 mm; weight 5-5-12-2 g. There are large swellings on either side of the muzzle caused by supraorbital glands. Dorsal pelage is glossy black; ventral pelage is dark blackish brown except for a white band at margin of ventral pelage and membranes, extending from forearms to pubic region, making a V-shape and extending onto part of the membranes. Ears,face, and membranes are black. Ears are comparatively large, long, and broad, with ribbing on inner surface; there are well-developed fleshy lobes on the lower margin close to lips, extending below eyes; tragus is curved inward, rounded, and comparatively long. There is a well-developed lobe at corner oflips that extends onto lower (wrinkly) and upper (bulbous) lips. Uropatagium stretches to end oftail; calcar extends about halfway between tail and ankles, and there is a rounded postcalcarial lobe. Skull has well-developed supraorbital swellings; thereis little contrast between interorbital and intertemporal widths; there is no sagittal crest. Posterior cusp of I? is present; I° is 40-50% of height of I? above cingulum; P* has well-developed anterointernal cusp on cingulum; P* is much smaller than P*; lower molars are myotodont. Dental formula for species of Chalinolobusis1 2/3, Cl/1,P 2/2. M 3/3 (x2) = 34.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FF879F611B09B2E2" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FF879F611B09B2E2" blockId="37.[121,1330,1732,3458]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FF879F611EEAB26B" bold="true" box="[123,234,2360,2393]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Mainly found in dry sclerophyll forests and woodlands, but also in cypresspine woodland, rainforest fringes, forest dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61FC5A9F061AF1B2B2" box="[934,1265,2399,2432]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Callitris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Callitris (Cupressaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, tall open forest with rainforest understory, riparian vegetation in farmland, subalpine woodland, and sandstone outcrop areas. Usually found at elevations above
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFDE6A61FB629FF61B05B2E2" box="[1182,1285,2479,2512]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FF879F8F1CA7B18E" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FF879F8F1CA7B18E" blockId="37.[121,1330,1732,3458]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FF879F8F1F86B2C5" bold="true" box="[123,390,2518,2551]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Large-eared Pied Bats fly relatively slowly, with rapid but shallow wingbeats. They fly directly, with moderate maneuverability, and have been seen flying along creek beds and mid-canopy level 6-10 m aboveground. In the Blue Mountains of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDE6A61FF589C151FA1B15F" box="[164,417,2636,2669]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
, they preferred foraging in sharp grassland-forest borders in a western-facing valley and over a creek with wet vegetation. They are insectivorous but the specific diet has not been recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FF879C9B1F81B7A7" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FF879C9B1F81B7A7" blockId="37.[121,1330,1732,3458]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FF879C9B1F01B1D1" bold="true" box="[123,257,2754,2787]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Large-eared Pied Bats breed once a year, and males with enlarged testes have been recorded during autumn and early winter. The facial glands on either side of the muzzle become swollen during this time as well, exuding a milky secretion when compressed; these glands may have some secondary sexual function, but this has not been studied. Exact time of mating is uncertain, but is probably in autumn, with sperm storage in males and females through winter, as in congeners; but they mayjust breed during spring. Females have been reported forming maternity colonies of 20-40 individuals from November to February in roof domes in sandstone caves. Females give birth to 1-2 young (average 1-8 per female) during late November and early December in Copeton; young were weaned around late January. Volant young have been recorded by late February. Banding records show that females can give birth when twelve months old.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FF859AC21B25B6B0" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FF859AC21B25B6B0" blockId="37.[121,1330,1732,3458]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FF859AC21F65B78E" bold="true" box="[121,357,3227,3260]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Large-eared Pied Bat forages throughout the night and returns to the day roost before dawn. It probably hibernates through colder portions of winter, but this has yet to be confirmed. Day roosts include rock overhangs, caves, mine tunnels, and the abandoned bottle-shaped mud nests of fairy martins (Petrochelidon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61FF819B601EB9B668" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[125,185,3385,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ariel">ariel</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In the sandstone country of central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDE6A61FD289B601DC7B668" box="[724,967,3385,3418]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
roosts occur primarily in overhangs or “pock-holes” on vertical cliff walls. Call shape is a short FM/QCF sweep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FA86974916B2B988" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FA86974916B2B988" blockId="37.[1401,2607,272,1174]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FA869749162EBA03" bold="true" box="[1402,2094,272,305]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
[arge-eared Pied Bats typically roost in the twilight zone, where small numbers huddle together in indentations or crevices in the sandstone ceiling. Maternity colonies are often formed in caves, and females will stay in the caves for about another month after young become volant, continuing until late March; then they switch to a new summer roosting location. They go back to the same roost year after year. Colonies typically number under ten individuals, although up to 80 have been recorded at some roosts. In the Blue Mountains of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDE6A61F66D97A51BCCB976" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
, females occupied a larger foraging area than males, and also roosted separately from them; females also roosted further from their foraging areas than males, and showed less roost fidelity. The Large-eared Pied Bat occasionally occupies the same rock overhangs as Eastern Cavet Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDE6A61F87594C016A5B988" baseAuthorityName="Kitchener, Jones & Caputi" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[1929,2213,665,698]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespadelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="troughtoni">Vespadelus troughtoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FA8694981824BF71" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FA8694981824BF71" blockId="37.[1401,2607,272,1174]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FA86949818E2B9D0" bold="true" box="[1402,1762,705,738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Large-eared Pied Bat is considered uncommon or rare throughout much ofits distribution, with most records coming from northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDE6A61F76C954D1795B803" box="[2192,2453,788,817]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
. However, populations of these species are considered stable, and they are more widespread than previously thought. Major threats include roost disturbance and destruction, coal mining, deforestation for agricultural and urban expansion, and predation by feral cats and other introduced animals. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDE6A61F80195F416FAB8FC" box="[2045,2298,941,974]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
, the species is found at low densities with a patchy distribution, being commonest in Pilliga and Sydney sandstone regions. The species is listed as vulnerable at the state and federal level in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDE6A61FA62927B1820BF71" box="[1438,1568,1058,1091]" name="Australia" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDE6A61FA86920D171ABFA6" pageId="37" pageNumber="795" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDE6A61FA86920D171ABFA6" blockId="37.[1401,2607,272,1174]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDE6A61FA86920D1813BF5F" bold="true" box="[1402,1555,1108,1133]" pageId="37" pageNumber="795">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Churchill (2008), Dwyer (1965, 1966a), Hoye & Schulz (2008), Pennay (2008), Pennay & Thomson (2008), Pennay et al. (2011), Ryan (1966), Schulz (1998b), Williams & Thomson (2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |